SWEETENERS

Name: ABHINAVA BANERJEE

Roll No.: 2
Sub: FOOD PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT &
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Dept.: MSc. FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY (3rd sem)
SWEETENERS

• Sweeteners provide an intense sweet flavour. They have become increasing

popular as people look for different ways to satisfy their sweet tooth, without
the associated energy (kilojoules or calories) of regular sugar.
Sweeteners can be divided in to three categories:
• • Artificial sweeteners
• • Natural intense sweeteners
• • Nutritive sweeteners
ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS

• Artificial or non-nutritive sweeteners are often used as an alternative to sugar.

These sweeteners are energy (kilojoule or calorie) free. Artificial sweeteners
are found in a wide range of food and drink products in the supermarket.
Many are ‘tabletop sweeteners’ which can be used to add sweetness to tea,
coffee, cereal and fruit in place of sugar. There are also a number of other
products such as cordials, soft drinks, jellies, yoghurt, ice-cream, chewing gum,
lollies, desserts and cakes which use these sweeteners. These products are
often labelled as ‘diet’, ‘low joule’ or ‘no sugar’.
Here are some of the most popular (and dangerous) artificial sweeteners on the market today.
They can severely harm your health. First, it’s important to be able to recognize artificial
sweeteners on the labels of pre-packed and processed foods.
•Aspartame
•Acesulfame potassium
•Alitame
•Cyclamate
•Dulcin
•Equal
•Glucin
•Kaltame
•Mogrosides
•Neotame
•NutraSweet
•Nutrinova
•Phenlalanine
•Saccharin
•Splenda
•Sorbitol
•Sucralose
•Twinsweet
•Sweet ‘N Low
ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS

• Acesulfame potassium: Calories: 0

Found in: Soft drinks, gelatins, chewing gum, frozen desserts.This nonnutritive artificial
sweetener was first approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1988,
meaning it now has a 22-year track record in which no problems have surfaced.
• Agave nectar: Found in: Cereals, yogurts, tea.The nectar is a product of the agave
cactus, and its taste and texture are similar to honey.It doesn’t contain as many
antioxidants as honey, but it contains approximately the same amount of calories.
Agave, however, is sweeter than sugar, so proponents suggest you can use less to get
similar sweetness. It contains more fructose than table sugar, which, according to a
recent study, means it is less likely to cause a spike in blood sugar but could be more
likely to reduce your metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS

• Aspartame:Calories: 0
Found in: Drinks, gum, yogurt, cough drops
one of the most studied artificial sweeteners, aspartame has been accused of
causing everything from weight gain to cancer.However, since being approved
by the FDA in 1981, studies have found no convincing evidence and the FDA,
the World Health Organization, and the American Dietetic Association say
aspartame in moderation poses no threats.
ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS

• Neotame:Found in: Some drinks, dairy products, frozen desserts, puddings, fruit
juices. The newest on the market, this artificial sweetener was approved by the FDA in
2002.It is between 7,000 and 13,000 times sweeter than table sugar depending on
what it is added to, and is produced by the same company that makes aspartame.
• Saccharin:Calories: 0
Found in: Drinks, canned goods, candy
NATURAL SWEETENERS

• Stevia:Calories: 0
Found in: Diet drinks, yogurts, individual packets.Derived from the stevia plant, stevia leaf extract, also
called rebiana, is deemed the natural alternative to artificial sweeteners.Although crude stevia extracts
are not approved by the FDA, refined stevia products such as Truvia gained a Generally Regarded As
Safe (GRAS) approval from the FDA in 2008.Stevia is a very popular low-calorie sweetener.It’s
extracted from the leaves of a plant called Stevia rebaudiana.This plant has been grown for sweetness
and medicinal purposes for centuries in South America.Several sweet compounds are found in stevia
leaves. The main ones are stevioside and rebaudioside A. Both are hundreds of times sweeter than
sugar, gram for gram.Therefore, stevia is very sweet but has virtually no calories.
• Erythritol:s another low-calorie sweetener. It’s a sugar alcohol found naturally in certain fruits. However,
powdered erythritol available for purchase is most likely made via an industrial process.It contains 0.24
calories per gram, or about 6% of the calories in an equal amount of sugar, with 70% of the sweetness.
NATURAL SWEETENERS

• Xylitol: Xylitol is a naturally occurring alcohol found in most plant material, including many fruits and
vegetables. It is extracted from birch wood to make medicine.It is a sugar alcohol with a sweetness similar to
sugar.It contains 2.4 calories per gram, or about two-thirds of the caloric value of sugar.Xylitol appears to
have some benefits for dental health, reducing the risk of cavities and dental decay
• Yacon Syrup: is another unique sweetener. It’s harvested from the yacon plant, which grows natively in the
Andes in South America.This sweetener has recently become popular as a weight loss supplement. One study
found that it caused significant weight loss in overweight women.It’s very high in fructooligosaccharides, which
function as soluble fibers that feed the good bacteria in the intestine
NATURAL SWEETENERS
• High-fructose corn syrup:Found: Sodas, desserts, cereals.
This hotly debated sweetener contains the sugars fructose and glucose from processed corn
syrup.Because it's cheaper than sucrose and gives products a longer shelf life, more packaged foods in
the U.S.—especially soda, cereal, and yogurt—contain HFCS as added sugar instead of sucrose.
• Honey:Found in: Cereals, baked goods, teas. Honey contains trace amounts of vitamins and minerals,
and studies suggest it may not raise blood sugar as fast as other sweet products. oney, however, does
contain calories and should be used as sparingly as any other full-calorie sweetener.
• Sucrose:Calories: 16 per teaspoon
Found: Naturally in fruit; added to baked goods, jams, marinades, salad dressingsSucrose offers energy
but no nutritional benefits. In 2003, a team of international experts recommended that added sugars
make up no more than 10% of your diet, or about 12 teaspoons (50 grams) for a 2,000-calorie diet.
NUTRITIVE SWEETENERS

• Nutritive sweeteners, also known as caloric sweeteners or sugars, provide

energy in the form of carbohydrates.Some sugars are found naturally in
foods. For example, fructose is found in fresh fruits. By eating the whole fruit,
you not only consume fructose, but you feed your body fiber, vitamins,
minerals, and phytonutrients that you do not get from sugar alone.
NONNUTRITIVE SWEETENERS

• Nonnutritive sweeteners are zero- or low-calorie alternatives to nutritive sweeteners,

such as table sugar. These sweeteners can be added to both hot and cold beverages
and some can be used for baking. Nonnutritive sweeteners are much sweeter than
sugar so only small amounts are needed. They provide fewer calories per gram than
sugar because they are not completely absorbed by your digestive system. The Food
and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the use of the following nonnutritive
sweeteners: acesulfame-K, aspartame, neotame, saccharin, sucralose and stevia.