1

Title

Student Name

Student Id

Institution

Due Date
 2

Attribute/courting inheritance is a mechanism wherein a subclass inherits attributes and

relationships from its superclass. This mechanism is beneficial as it permits the reuse of code
and reduces redundancy. Instead of defining the identical attributes and relationships in
multiple training, they can be defined once in a superclass and inherited using all of its
subclasses.

According to Elmasri and Navathe (2016), attribute/courting inheritance is a crucial function

of item-orientated databases. It allows for the creation of a hierarchy of instructions with
shared attributes and relationships, that could simplify database layout by way of reducing
redundancy and enhancing maintainability.

There are two principal styles of constraints on specializations and generalizations:

completeness constraints and disjointness constraints. Completeness constraints specify
whether or now not or now not an instance of a superclass wants to moreover be an example
of at least one subclass. There are sorts of completeness constraints: total completeness and
partial completeness. Total completeness technique that every instance of the superclass
wants to additionally be an example of at least one subclass, at the same time as the partial
completeness approach that some instances of the superclass might not be times of any
subclass.

Disjointness constraints specify whether or not or now not times of different subclasses can
overlap. There are three kinds of disjointness constraints: disjoint, overlapping, and
overlaying. The disjoint way that no example can belong to more than one subclass,
overlapping method that sometimes may belong to multiple subclasses, and protecting
approach that each instance ought to belong to at least one subclass.

According to Silberschatz et al. (2010), completeness constraints make sure that every entity
within the superclass is accounted for in at least one subclass, which could help save you
errors in information entry or retrieval. Disjointness constraints ensure that entities are
properly categorized into their respective subclasses, which could improve information
accuracy.

In conclusion, attribute/courting inheritance is a beneficial mechanism for reducing

redundancy in database layout by allowing subclasses to inherit attributes and relationships
from their superclasses.
 3

Reply 1

Thank you for the insightful discussion on attribute/relationship inheritance and

completeness/disjointness constraints. It is captivating to learn the way those mechanisms can
enhance database layout by using reducing redundancy, improving maintainability, and
ensuring records accuracy. One issue that I would like to add to this discussion is the
significance of information modeling in database layout. Data modeling is a method of
creating a conceptual illustration of recorded objects, their relationships, and their attributes.
It is an essential step in designing a database gadget that meets the needs of a business
enterprise. Data modeling entails identifying entities, attributes, relationships, and constraints
which apply to an enterprise's operations. By growing a conceptual version of these elements,
designers can make certain that the resulting database gadget appropriately displays the
business enterprise's needs. Data modeling additionally facilitates designers to perceive
capacity problems with the database machine earlier than it is carried out. By figuring out
these problems early on, designers can make important adjustments to ensure that the
machine meets the needs of its customers whilst retaining records accuracy.

Reply 2

Thank you for sharing your insights on attribute/dating inheritance and

completeness/disjointness constraints. It is captivating to learn how those mechanisms can
enhance database design using lowering redundancy, improving maintainability, and ensuring
statistics accuracy. One thing that I would like to add to this discussion is the importance of
normalization in database design. Normalization is a technique of organizing information in a
database so that it minimizes redundancy whilst retaining information integrity.
Normalization includes breaking down massive tables into smaller ones based totally on their
functional dependencies. By doing so, designers can take away redundant records whilst
making sure that each table includes the handiest sort of facts. Normalization additionally
facilitates making sure the records are accurate via preventing anomalies such as insertion
anomalies (in which new facts can't be introduced due to the fact required fields are lacking),
deletion anomalies (where deleting one file by chance deletes different statistics) or replace
anomalies (where updating one file by accident updates other statistics).
 4

References

Elmasri R., & Navathe S.B. (2016). Fundamentals of Database Systems (seventh ed.).
Pearson.
Silberschatz A., Korth H.F., & Sudarshan S. (2010). Database System Concepts (6th ed.).
McGraw-Hill.