SYSTEM CONFIGURATION ASSIGNMENT

1) Differentiate between PCI and PCIe slots?

Ans: - 1. The acronym PCI represents Peripheral Component Interconnect,
while PCIe stands for Peripheral Component Interconnect Express.
2. In 1992, Intel released PCI, whereas Dell, Intel, and other organizations
introduced PCIe in 2003.
3. PCI has a parallel interface, whereas PCIe has a serial interface.
4. All PCI slots are the same size, while the size of PCIe slots varies depending
on the form factor.
5. PCI supports a maximum data transfer rate of 133 MB/s, while PCIe has a
higher maximum data transfer rate of up to 32 GB/s.
6. PCI is an older technology and is gradually being phased out in favor of PCIe.
7. PCIe slots are available in different versions such as PCIe 1.0, PCIe 2.0, PCIe
3.0, and PCIe 4.0, each with its own speed and bandwidth capabilities.
8. PCIe supports hot-plugging, which means that devices can be added or
removed while the system is still running, whereas PCI does not support hot-
plugging.
9. PCIe supports multiple lanes, with each lane providing a specific amount of
bandwidth, while PCI supports only one lane.
2)

Ans: - CONFIGURATION NEEDED IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Number of PC or Laptops required= 150 to 200
Computer Hardware specifications of Dean’s office: -
- Processor: Intel Core i5 or higher
- RAM: 8GB or higher
- Storage: 256GB SSD or higher
- Graphics: Integrated or dedicated graphics card for multimedia tasks
- Display: 15-inch or larger display for productivity
- Operating System: Windows 10 or macOS
- Connectivity: Wi-Fi and Ethernet ports for network connectivity
- Ports: USB 3.0 or higher, HDMI or DisplayPort for external displays,
headphone jack, and SD card reader.

Computer Hardware specifications for teacher’s office: -

- Processor: Intel Core i5 or AMD Ryzen 5
- RAM: 8 GB or higher
- Storage: 256 GB SSD or higher
- Display: 21-inch or larger monitor with at least 1080p resolution
- Graphics: Integrated graphics should be sufficient for most needs
- Operating system: Windows 10 or macOS
- Peripherals: Keyboard, mouse, and speakers

For Reception: -
- Processor: Intel Core i3 or higher
- RAM: 4GB or higher
- Storage: 256GB SSD or higher
- Display: 15-inch monitor with at least 1366 x 768 resolution
- Operating System: Windows 10 or MacOS
- Connectivity: Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth
- Peripherals: Keyboard and mouse
- Software: Microsoft Office Suite, antivirus software, and any school-specific
software required for the job.
For Students: -
- Processor: Intel Core i3 or higher or equivalent AMD processor
- RAM: 4 GB or higher
- Storage: 128 GB or higher Solid-State Drive (SSD) or Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
- Display: 11-14 inch with a minimum resolution of 1366 x 768
- Graphics: Integrated graphics card or dedicated graphics card if required by
the curriculum
- Operating System: Windows 10 or MacOS
- Connectivity: Wi-Fi and Ethernet port
- Input devices: Keyboard and mouse/touchpad
- Optional: Webcam and microphone for online classes and remote learning.

3) Write the steps to identify and troubleshoot the blue screen of Death?
Ans:- Here are some ways to identify and solve the blue screen of death issue:
1. Note down the error message: Write down the error message that appears
on the blue screen as it can provide insights into the underlying cause of the
problem.
2. Restart your computer: Try restarting your computer to see if the issue was
just a random occurrence. Sometimes, a restart can solve the problem.
3. Check for hardware problems: A failing hardware component might be the
cause of the problem. Verify that all connections are securely attached and
that every hardware piece is properly inserted.
4. Boot in safe mode: If the blue screen error does not occur in safe mode, a
software issue might be the culprit.
5. Update drivers: Outdated or malfunctioning drivers can cause blue screen
errors. Visit the manufacturer's website to look for driver updates and install
them.
6. Investigate software errors: Software conflicts or corruption might be the
cause of the blue screen issue. Try uninstalling recently installed software that
might be the cause of the issue.
7. Perform a virus scan: Blue screen problems can be caused by malware or
viruses. Scan your computer for malware using antivirus software.
8. Check RAM: Defective memory can result in blue screen problems. Test your
memory to see if there are any issues.
9. Try system restore: If all else fails, try restoring your system to a previous
state before the blue screen errors appeared.

4) Write the steps to troubleshoot and fix insufficient memory in computer?

Ans:-
1. Close all unnecessary programs, especially those that are memory-intensive,
to free up memory.
2. Restarting your computer can help clear up memory leaks and free up
memory.
3. Run a full virus scan on your computer to detect and remove any malicious
software that may be using up memory.
4. Virtual memory is space on your hard drive that's used as additional
memory. You can increase the virtual memory settings to help your computer
access more memory.
5. If your computer still doesn't have enough memory, consider adding more
RAM. This can significantly improve your computer's performance.
6. Uninstall any programs that you don't use or need to free up space on your
hard drive and reduce memory usage.
7. Make sure that your computer is running the latest updates and patches.
8. Disable any unnecessary programs that launch when you start up your
computer, as they can use up valuable memory.
5) Describe the differences, advantages and disadvantages between leading
manufacturers' processors so that appropriate selections can be made for
applications.
Ans: - There are several leading manufacturers of processors in the market,
including Intel, AMD, and ARM. Each manufacturer has its own strengths,
weaknesses, and target applications.
Intel processors are known for their high clock speeds and single-core
performance, making them well-suited for gaming and other applications that
require fast processing. They also offer a wide range of processor options,
from budget-friendly options to high-end models. However, Intel processors
can be relatively expensive compared to other options, and they consume
more power, which may be a concern for laptops or other battery-powered
devices.
AMD processors, on the other hand, offer more cores and threads than Intel
processors, making them better suited for multi-tasking and applications that
require parallel processing. They also tend to be more affordable than Intel
processors, making them a popular choice for budget-conscious consumers.
However, AMD processors may have lower clock speeds compared to Intel,
which may affect single-core performance. They also consume more power
than some other processors, which may be a concern for mobile devices.
ARM processors are commonly found in mobile devices and other embedded
systems. They offer low power consumption and can be more energy-efficient
than Intel and AMD processors. They are also relatively inexpensive, making
them a popular choice for budget devices. However, ARM processors may
have lower clock speeds and fewer cores compared to Intel and AMD
processors, which may affect their performance for more demanding
applications.
In summary, the appropriate selection of a processor depends on the specific
requirements of the application. Intel processors are suitable for applications
that require high single-core performance, while AMD processors are better
for multi-tasking and parallel processing. ARM processors are ideal for low-
power, budget devices. Ultimately, the advantages and disadvantages of each
processor should be carefully considered before making a selection.

6) What is the difference between Microprocessors and Microcomputers?

Ans: - A microprocessor is a small electronic device that serves as the central
processing unit (CPU) of a computer. It is an integrated circuit that contains
the arithmetic, logic, and control circuits necessary to perform the instructions
of a computer program. The microprocessor is the "brain" of a computer
system and is responsible for executing instructions and managing the flow of
data.

On the other hand, a microcomputer is a complete computer system that

includes a microprocessor, memory, input/output (I/O) devices, and other
peripherals. It is a small computer designed for use by an individual, typically
for personal or home use. A microcomputer can run various software
applications and can be used for a range of purposes, such as word processing,
browsing the web, playing games, and more.

7) Write the steps to identify the issue where your hard disk is not detected?
Ans: - 1. Check physical connections: The first step is to check if the hard drive
is properly connected to your computer. Make sure that the cables are
securely connected and there are no loose connections.
2. BIOS Settings: Check your computer's BIOS settings to ensure that the hard
drive is detected. Restart your computer and enter the BIOS setup by pressing
the appropriate key (usually F2, F10, or Delete). Check the "Boot" or "Drives"
section to ensure that the hard drive is recognized by the computer.
3. Check Disk Management: If the hard drive is not detected in BIOS, you can
check the Disk Management tool in Windows. Right-click on "My Computer" or
 "This PC" and select "Manage." Then select "Disk Management" to see if the
hard drive is detected.
4. Use a different cable or port: Try using a different cable or port to connect
the hard drive to your computer to see if the issue is with the cable or port.
5. Test the hard drive on another computer: If the hard drive is still not
detected, try connecting it to another computer to see if the issue is with the
hard drive or the computer.
6. Run diagnostic tools: Some hard drive manufacturers provide diagnostic
tools that can be used to check the health of the hard drive. You can download
and run these tools to identify any issues with the hard drive.
7. Contact manufacturer support: If none of the above step’s work, you can
contact the manufacturer’s support team for further assistance. They may be
able to provide additional troubleshooting steps or offer a warranty
replacement if the hard drive is defective.

8) Assemble networking hardware so that network connectivity is achieved

Ans: - 1. Choose the right hardware: Determine the hardware components required
for your network, such as routers, switches, network interface cards, Ethernet
cables, etc. Make sure they are compatible with each other and meet the
specifications of your network.
2. Connect the router: Connect your router to the modem using an Ethernet cable.
Power up the router and wait for it to fully start up.
3. Connect the switch: Connect your switch to the router using an Ethernet cable. If
you have multiple switches, connect them using additional Ethernet cables.
4. Connect your devices: Connect your devices such as computers, printers, and
other peripherals to the switch using Ethernet cables.
5. Configure the network: Configure your network by assigning IP addresses,
subnet masks, and default gateways to each device. Make sure to use unique IP
addresses and a consistent subnet mask for all devices.
6. Test the connectivity: Test your network connectivity by pinging other devices
on the network. If there are any issues, troubleshoot them by checking the cables
and configurations.
7. Secure the network: Enable security features such as firewalls, password
protection, and encryption to secure your network and prevent unauthorized
access.
9) Test network connectivity to ensure that network connectivity is in place
Ans:- To test network connectivity, follow these steps:
1. Ping test: The ping command sends a message from your computer to a target
device on the network and measures the response time. To perform a ping test,
open the command prompt and type "ping [IP address or hostname]" and press
enter. If the ping is successful, you should see a response time in milliseconds. If
the ping fails, there might be a connectivity issue.
2. Trace route: The trace route command shows the path that your network traffic
takes from your computer to the destination device. To perform a trace route test,
open the command prompt and type "tracert [IP address or hostname]" and press
enter. This will display the list of hops that your network traffic takes to reach the
destination. If there is a connectivity issue, you can identify where the problem
occurs.
3. Telnet: Telnet is a protocol that allows you to connect to a remote device on the
network. To test network connectivity with telnet, open the command prompt and
type "telnet [IP address or hostname] [port number]" and press enter. If the telnet
connection is successful, you should be able to connect to the remote device. If the
connection fails, there might be a firewall blocking the connection or a problem
with the remote device.
4. Network diagnostic tools: There are several network diagnostic tools available
that can help you troubleshoot network connectivity issues. These tools can test the
network bandwidth, analyze network traffic, and identify network errors. Some
popular network diagnostic tools include Wireshark, Netcat, and PingPlotter.

10) Suppose you are working as CSR in XYZ ORGANIZATION AND A

CUSTOMER CALLS YOU IN. BRIEFLY EXPLAIN WHAT ADVICE YOU
WILL GIVE TO THE CUSTOMER.
Ans: - As a customer service representative, my primary goal would be to provide
the customer with accurate and helpful advice to address their concerns. If a
customer calls in, I will first greet them and ask how I can assist them. Depending
on their issue, I would ask questions to understand their specific situation and
determine the best course of action.
For example, if the customer is experiencing technical difficulties with a product
or service, I would troubleshoot the issue with them over the phone. This may
involve asking the customer to check specific settings, reset their device, or run
diagnostic tests. If the issue cannot be resolved over the phone, I would arrange
for a technician to visit their location and resolve the problem on-site.
If the customer has questions about their account or billing, I would review their
account information and provide them with a clear explanation of their billing
statements or any other concerns they have. I would also assist them in updating
their account information or changing their plan if necessary.
Overall, my advice to the customer would be based on a thorough understanding
of their situation and an emphasis on providing excellent customer service. I
would make sure to listen attentively, be patient, and provide clear instructions to
ensure that the customer's needs are met in a timely and efficient manner.