Lecture 19

▪ Module B
• 2, 3, 8

Lecture 19 1
Module B

▪ Problem 2
To
From 1 2 3 4 Supply
1 $500 750 300 450 12
2 650 800 400 600 17
3 400 700 500 550 11
Demand 10 10 10 10

• Total demand amount=40

• Total supply amount=40
• No need to create a dummy node.
Lecture 19

2
• Transportation Matrix
From / To 1 2 3 4 Supply

1 500 750 300 450

12

650 800 400 600

2 17

400 700 500 550

3 11

Demand 10 10 10 10 40

a. Find the initial solution using the 1) northwest corner method, the
minmum cell cost method, 3) Vogel’s approximation method.

Lecture 19 3
• Northwest Corner Method
From / To 1 2 3 4 Supply

① 500 ② 750 300 450

1
12
10 2
650 ③ 800 ④ 400 600
2 17
8 9
400 700 ⑤ 500 ⑥ 550
3 11
1 10
Demand 10 10 10 10 40

Solution: 𝑥11 = 10, 𝑥12 = 2, 𝑥22 = 8,

𝑥23 = 9, 𝑥33 = 1, 𝑥34 = 10
𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑍 = 22,500.

Lecture 19 4
• Minimum Cell Cost Method
From / To 1 2 3 4 Supply

500 750 ① 300 ③ 450

1
12
10 2
650 ⑥ 800 400 ⑤ 600
2 17
10 7
② 400 700 500 ④ 550
3 11
10 1
Demand 10 10 10 10 40

Solution: 𝑥13 = 10, 𝑥14 = 2, 𝑥22 = 10,

𝑥24 = 7, 𝑥31 = 10, 𝑥34 = 1
𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑍 = 20,650.

Lecture 19 5
• Vogel’s Approximation Model
From / To 1 2 3 4 Supply

500 750 300 450

1
12
150

650 800 ① 400 600

2 17 200
10

400 700 500 550

3 11 100

Demand 10 10 10 10 40

100 50 100 100

Lecture 19 6
From / 1 2 3 4 Supply
To
1 500 750 300 450
12 50

650 800 ① 400 600

2 17 50
10
② 400 700 500 550
3 11 150
10
Demand 10 10 10 10 40

100 50 100

Lecture 19 7
From / 1 2 3 4 Supply
To
1 500 750 300 ③ 450
12 300
10
650 800 ① 400 600
2 17 200
10
② 400 700 500 550
3 11 150
10
Demand 10 10 10 10 40

50 100

Lecture 19 8
From / To 1 2 3 4 Supply

1 500 ⑤ 750 300 ③ 450

12
2 10
650 ⑥ 800 ① 400 600
2 17
7 10
② 400 ④ 700 500 550
3 11
10 1
Demand 10 10 10 10 40

Solution: 𝑥12 = 2, 𝑥14 = 10, 𝑥22 = 7,

𝑥23 = 10, 𝑥31 = 10, 𝑥32 = 1
𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑍 = 20,300.

Lecture 19 9
b. Using the VAM initial solution, find the optimal solution
using the modified distribution method (MODI).

𝑣𝑗 𝑣1=450 𝑣2 =750 𝑣3 =350 𝑣4 =450

𝑢𝑖 From / 1 2 3 4 Supply
To
50 75 30 45
1 0 0 0 0
𝑢1 = 0 12
2 10
65 80 40 60
𝑢2 =50 2 0 0 0 0 17
7 10
40 70 50 55
𝑢3 0 0 0 0
3 11
= −50
10 1
Demand 10 10 10 10 40

Lecture 19 10
 For all empty cells, k 11 = 500 − 0 − 450 = 50,
𝑘13 = 300 − 0 − 350 = −50, 𝑘21 = 650 − 50 − 450 = 150,
𝑘24 = 600 − 50 − 450 = 100, 𝑘33 = 500 + 50 − 350 = 200,
𝑘34 = 550 + 50 − 450 = 150.

Select cell 13
𝑣𝑗 𝑣1 =450 𝑣2 =750 𝑣3 =350 𝑣4 =450

𝑢𝑖 From / To 1 2 3 4 Supply

1 500 -1 750 +1 300 450

𝑢1 =0 12
2-Δ Δ 10
650 +1 800 -1 400 600
𝑢2 =50 2 17
7+Δ 10-Δ
400 700 500 550
𝑢3 = −50 3 11
10 1
Demand 10 10 10 10 40

The maximum amount of Δ = 2.

Lecture 19 11
Updated table is

𝑣𝑗 𝑣1 =400 𝑣2 =700 𝑣3 =300 𝑣4=450

𝑢𝑖 From / To 1 2 3 4 Supply

1 500 750 300 450

𝑢 1 =0 12
2 10
650 800 400 600
𝑢 2 =100 2 17
9 8
400 700 500 550
𝑢 3 =0 3 11
10 1
Demand 10 10 10 10 40

Lecture 19 12
For all empty cells, k11 = 500 − 0 − 400 = 100,
𝑘12 = 750 − 0 − 700 = 50,
𝑘21 = 650 − 100 − 400 = 150,
𝑘24 = 600 − 100 − 450 = 50,
𝑘33 = 500 − 0 − 300 = 200,
𝑘34 = 550 − 0 − 450 = 100.
So we have an optimal solution.

The optimal solution is 𝑥13 = 2, 𝑥14 = 10,

𝑥22 = 9, 𝑥23 = 8, 𝑥31 = 10, 𝑥32 = 1
𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑍 = 20,200.

Lecture 19 13
Module B

▪ Problem 3
From / A B C Supply
To
1 12 10 6
600
600
4 15 3
2 400
400
9 7 M
3 300
300
11 8 6
4 800
500 300
0 0 0
Dummy 200
200
Demand 900 500 900 2,300

Lecture 19 14
a. Is this a balanced or an unbalanced
transportaion problem? Explain.
→Unbalanced transportation problem
because it has a dummy node in the
supply side.
b. Is this solution degenerate? Explain. If it
is degenerate, show how it would be
put into a proper form.
→ Degenerate because it has 6 cells
with allocations, which is less than m+n-
1=5+3-1=7. 4A can be a good candidate.

Lecture 19 15
c. Is there a prohibited route in this problem?
→ Yes, we have a prohibited route from 3
to C.

d. Compute the total cost of this solution.

→
6*600+4*400+9*300+8*500+6*300+0*200=13,
700.

e. What is the value of 𝑥2𝐵 in this solution?

→ It is zero.

Lecture 19 16
Module B

▪ Problem 8

To
From 1 2 3 Supply
A $6 9 7 130
B 12 3 5 70
C 4 11 11 100
Demand 80 110 60

• Total demand amount=250

• Total supply amount=300
• Need a dummy node in the demand side.

Lecture 19 17
Transportation Table

From / 1 2 3 Dummy Supply

To
A 6 9 7 0
130

12 3 5 0
B 70

4 11 11 0
C 100

Demand 80 110 60 50 300

Lecture 19 18
a. Find the initial solution using the minimum
cell cost method.

From / 1 2 3 Dummy Supply

To
A 6 ⑤ 9 ④ 7 0
130
70 60
12 ② 3 5 ① 0
B 70
20 50
③ 4 ⑥ 11 11 0
C 100
80 20
Demand 80 110 60 50 300

Lecture 19 19
b. Solve using the stepping-stone method.
Cell A1: +6-4+11-9=4
From / 1 2 3 Dummy Supply
To
A +1 6 -1 9 7 0
130
70 60
12 3 5 0
B 70
20 50
-1 4 +1 11 11 0
C 100
80 20
Demand 80 110 60 50 300
Cell AD: +0-0+3-9=-6
From / 1 2 3 Dummy Supply
To
A 6 -1 9 7 +1 0
130
70 60
12 +1 3 5 -1 0
B 70
20 50
4 11 11 0
C 100
80 20
Demand 80 110 60 50 300

Lecture 19 20
Cell B1: +12-4+11-3=16

From / 1 2 3 Dummy Supply

To
A 6 9 7 0
130
70 60
+1 12 -1 3 5 0
B 70
20 50
-1 4 +1 11 11 0
C 100
80 20
Demand 80 110 60 50 300

Cell B3: +5-7+9-3=4

From / 1 2 3 Dummy Supply
To
A 6 +1 9 -1 7 0
130
70 60
12 -1 3 +1 5 0
B 70
20 50
4 11 11 0
C 100
80 20
Demand 80 110 60 50 300

Lecture 19 21
Cell C3: +11-7+9-11=2

From / 1 2 3 Dummy Supply

To
A 6 +1 9 -1 7 0
130
70 60
12 3 5 0
B 70
20 50
4 -1 11 +1 11 0
C 100
80 20
Demand 80 110 60 50 300

Cell CD: +0-0+3-11=-8

From / 1 2 3 Dummy Supply

To
A 6 9 7 0
130
70 60
12 +1 3 5 -1 0
B 70
20 50
4 -1 11 11 +1 0
C 100
80 20
Demand 80 110 60 50 300

Lecture 19 22
Cell A1: 4, Cell AD: -6, Cell B1: 16, Cell B3: 4, Cell C3: 2, Cell CD=-8
Cell CD is considered for improvement.
From / 1 2 3 Dummy Supply
To
A 6 9 7 0
130
70 60
12 +Δ 3 5 -Δ 0
B 70
20 50
4 -Δ 11 11 +Δ 0
C 100
80 20
Demand 80 110 60 50 300

The maximum flow on that path is Δ=20.

From / 1 2 3 Dummy Supply

To
A 6 9 7 0
130
70 60
12 3 5 0
B 70
40 30
4 11 11 0
C 100
80 20
Demand 80 110 60 50 300

Lecture 19 23
Cell A1:+6-4+0-0+3-9=-4

From / 1 2 3 Dummy Supply

To
A +1 6 -1 9 7 0
130
70 60
12 +1 3 5 -1 0
B 70
40 30
-1 4 11 11 +1 0
C 100
80 20
Demand 80 110 60 50 300

Cell AD:+3-9=-6

From / 1 2 3 Dummy Supply

To
A 6 -1 9 7 +1 0
130
70 60
12 +1 3 5 -1 0
B 70
40 30
4 11 11 0
C 100
80 20
Demand 80 110 60 50 300

Lecture 19 24
 Cell B1:12-4=8

From / 1 2 3 Dummy Supply

To
A 6 9 7 0
130
70 60
+1 12 3 5 -1 0
B 70
40 30
-1 4 11 11 +1 0
C 100
80 20
Demand 80 110 60 50 300
Cell B3:+5-7+9-3=4
From / 1 2 3 Dummy Supply
To
A 6 +1 9 -1 7 0
130
70 60
12 -1 3 +1 5 0
B 70
40 30
4 11 11 0
C 100
80 20
Demand 80 110 60 50 300

Lecture 19 25
 Cell C2:11-3=8

From / 1 2 3 Dummy Supply

To
A 6 9 7 0
130
70 60
12 -1 3 5 +1 0
B 70
40 30
4 +1 11 11 -1 0
C 100
80 20
Demand 80 110 60 50 300
Cell C3:+11-3+9-7=10
From / 1 2 3 Dummy Supply
To
A 6 +1 9 -1 7 0
130
70 60
12 -1 3 5 +1 0
B 70
40 30
4 11 +1 11 -1 0
C 100
80 20
Demand 80 110 60 50 300

Lecture 19 26
Cell A1: -4, Cell AD: -6, Cell B1: 8, Cell B3: 4, Cell C2: 8, Cell C3: 10

Cell AD is considered for improvement

From / 1 2 3 Dummy Supply

To
A 6 -1 9 7 +1 0
130
70 60
12 +1 3 5 -1 0
B 70
40 30
4 11 11 0
C 100
80 20
Demand 80 110 60 50 300
The maximum flow is 30.

From / 1 2 3 Dummy Supply

To
A 6 9 7 0
130
40 60 30
12 3 5 0
B 70
70
4 11 11 0
C 100
80 20
Demand 80 110 60 50 300

Lecture 19 27
Cell A1:6-4=2

From / 1 2 3 Dummy Supply

To
A +1 6 9 7 -1 0
130
40 60 30
12 3 5 0
B 70
70
-1 4 11 11 +1 0
C 100
80 20
Demand 80 110 60 50 300
Cell B1: 12-3+9-4=14
From / 1 2 3 Dummy Supply
To
A 6 +1 9 7 -1 0
130
40 60 30
+1 12 -1 3 5 0
B 70
70
-1 4 11 11 +1 0
C 100
80 20
Demand 80 110 60 50 300

Lecture 19 28
Cell B3: +5-7+9-3=4

From / 1 2 3 Dummy Supply

To
A 6 +1 9 -1 7 0
130
40 60 30
12 -1 3 +1 5 0
B 70
70
4 11 11 0
C 100
80 20
Demand 80 110 60 50 300

Cell BD: +9-3=6

From / 1 2 3 Dummy Supply
To
A 6 +1 9 7 -1 0
130
40 60 30
12 -1 3 5 +1 0
B 70
70
4 11 11 0
C 100
80 20
Demand 80 110 60 50 300

Lecture 19 29
 Cell C2: +11-9=2

From / 1 2 3 Dummy Supply

To
A 6 -1 9 7 +1 0
130
40 60 30
12 3 5 0
B 70
70
4 +1 11 11 -1 0
C 100
80 20
Demand 80 110 60 50 300
Cell C3: +11-7=4
From / 1 2 3 Dummy Supply
To
A 6 9 -1 7 +1 0
130
40 60 30
12 3 5 0
B 70
70
4 11 +1 11 -1 0
C 100
80 20
Demand 80 110 60 50 300

The current solution is optimal. 𝑥𝐴2 = 40,𝑥𝐴3 = 60, 𝑥𝐴𝐷 = 30,𝑥 𝐵2 = 70,𝑥 𝐶1 = 80,𝑥 𝐶𝐷 = 20 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑍 = 1310.

Lecture 19 30