2x2 Matrix 3x3 Matrix

a ₁₁ a ₁₂ a ₁₃

Inverse Matrix Gauss-Jordan Elimination

IAI =
a b
| |
c d
= ad-bc A=
( a₂₁ a ₂₂ a ₂₃
a₃₁ a ₃₂ a ₃₃ ) Minor
IAI = a11c11 + a12c12 + a13c13

To find X using inverse matrix : Step 1 : Write the matrix in the form of ( A I B ) Mij

X = A-1 B Step 2 : Apply ERO to this matrix until the left side is reduced to I Deleting ith row and jth column

(Identity Matrix). In this case, ( I I B* ) 5.2 DETERMINANT

Elementary Row Operation Adjoint Step 3 : The resulting matrix B* is the solution for X.
OF Cofactor
[ 0 0 0 I K ] where K is non-zero constant = no solution.
MATRICES AND
MATRICES Cij = (-1)i+j Mij

Solving [ 0 0 0 I 0 ] = infinite solutions. SYSTEM OF LINEAR ¿

System EQUATION
Properties
Cramer’s Rule

For 2x2 matrix :

5.4 SYSTEM OF Matrix = transpose
If two rows/columns are
c₁ b₁ a₁ c ₁ , D 0 LINEAR
| | | | a₁ a ₂ a ₃
X=
c₂ b₂
D
,y=
a₂ c ₂ ≠
D
EQUATIONS WITH Every element in a
identical, determinant = 0

a₁ a ₁ a ₃ |b₁ b₂ b₃
| =

| | c₁ c ₂ c₃
row/column is 0,
3 VARIABLES determinant = 0
a2 a ₂ a ₃ =0

0 0 0 c₁ c ₂ c₃

| |
For 3x3 matrix :

Step 1 : Obtain matrix A, X and B a₁ a ₂ a ₃ Two rows or columns changes the sign
A and B are two square matrices,
b₁ b₂ b₃ of determinant
Step 2 : Find the determinant of A 5.3 5.1 IABI = IAIIBI

INVERSE a₁ a ₂ a ₃
MATRICES
| |
Step 3 : Replace the value ; 1st column with B to find X
Common factor of any row/column is
2nd column with B to find y a factor of the determinant b₁ b₂ b₃ =-
c₁ c ₂ c₃
3rd column with B to find Z ka₁ ka ₂ ka₃
Step 4 : Find the new determinants for each in step 3

Step 5 : Divide the determinant for each in step 3 with

Inverse of
2X2 matrix
TYPE
| b₁ b₂ b₃
c ₁ c₂ c ₃ |
Operation on matrices
=

1. Addition & substraction

Determinant A to find x, y, z
1. Square matrix
Properties
2. Zero matrix
1. a) AB=BA=I 2. multiplication of matrix by a scalar
3. Diagonal matrix
Inverse of 3X3 4. Identity matrix AB≠BA A(B+C)=AB+AC
b) AA = A A=I
matrix 5. upper triangular & lower 3. multiplication of matrices
triangular matrices
A(BC)=(AB)C
6. equal matrices