Review of

chapter 2
The Limit of Function
1 Definition imfcx ) L

1
. =
,
X 7Q-

f (x )
( a
+
= L
,

符afcx ) = l ,

lim f (x ) = aisavertkcd
=±∞ x
± =fx)
x→ a asymptote of y

| im fcx ) = L y = L
is a horiaontal
X →±
asymptote of =< x
?

1 fcx ) =±∞
imx
→+∞
 of function
2 .

computing the imit a

a .

By Limit Laws (2)

ca + b ) ( a b )
2
bz
有理化 → = a
i
-
-

3 3
2
b) ( a ≥ _ ab + b ) = a + b
3 > ( a+
2 3 3
2
ca -
b) ( a + ab + b ) =
a -
b

Ex :

"
( 1 +∞
2

X
2
) ( xtx ) ) ( x x
4
) ( 1 +∞ )
X
Ilkm
-

(
(的
-

) LKtx 2 ) ( ( tx )
2
x 71
-
( 1
- K ) ←
"( 1 - x
) ( rxtX
 2
a t a b tbz
a b
EX :
⼀

< ☆
P
x+ n ) (3 +n ) *n )
zy 2 + 2
(x 4
3 2 +
-

xt
-

lim
-

lim
.

X ) 1
-
x -
1
X 71
-
( x - 1 ) ( ( 3x + ] ) P + 23 ( x
2
+ n) + 4 )

× ⾄州 8
l…
-

x- →
7、 (
x
- 1 ) (3 x n x
) + ) 2 23 (
+ 2 +9 ) t 4

Xt 1 2
=

恐 , (? )
xn ) p + 23 ( x2+ 9 ) ← 4
=

4 t 4 + 4
 :: 整理函數 8
a zb
( x+ 2 ) -
(
上tzt ]
(
|
-

2
(x + 2 2 lm
h 72 2
(x +2 + ( xt 2+ h ) ( x+2 )
EX : lim ⼆

h 70
- h h -
> 0
⼏

2
-
2h (x+ 2 ) - h 2 ( x+2 ) h
lim 的
-
-

=
=

2 2
n >0
-
h ( x +2 th ) ( x +2 ) n > 0
-

( x +2 th )
2
( x +2
)
2

- 2 (x+2 ) -
=
=
4
( x +2) 3
(xt 2 )
|
= f!x) whene fux
,
xtx
)=
 b .

By the squeeze Theorem

ws ( 妥 3
Ealim — esinx
X- )

sol =

1 8 mx .
eosL *
) | = ( sinx 1 leosL )
π

/ ≤

≤
1
sinxl .
e

∵ la 0 = 0 = tim lsiux 1 .
e
X 70
-

X > -
0

eost ihmqueeze
∴ lI . Isinx . ) = o
by the
X 30-

Lπ )
Thus ⼁ Tm sinx ews = 0
.

X -
70
 sided limits
C By checking one -

6 X ≥ 11 x /6× - ( ) × "
liu lim

{
=
( + 10× -
11 ] 6x -
1
=
6
X
DNE 76 >÷+
-

x -

-
6x 11 x
lim
_

LIX
Gx 11
-

“
=
lim = -

巨
” 6 x - 11 l
-

X 78
-
11 -
6x
Ʃ
-

X 7 -

d .
composition with a continmous function

lim x 2 X 2
Ex :
-

(
-

X→ 2
tan
x
2
-

4
π ) =
tanl xz
-4
π
)

= tan ( π ) = 1
,
 Infinite
Limits

show that
t h e
the denominator a
approaches and o

numerator constant
pproachesto a nonzero
Discu the
signss

Ex : lim ⾄ 4x
x

X - xX
≥

x ) 3 32
-
-

sol :
: t的 Xt 4 x = 21 20

X- 73
and ( xE 2 x 3) 3 ) cx coand -
→ oas
+
- = (x -

「
x →
-
3
此, .

∴ … ←
= -
∞
2 zx -
sx -

- 3
b .
special functions withinfinite 1 imits

lim lux = -
∞
lim tan (x) ∞ im tanx = -
∞
+ , -

X 20
>π
.

X '

→π+
-

Ex : … ax
1 . ⽂

(
+
X 70
-

svl :
∵
品 +
⽂ =∞ lm- lnx =

0 X ) 0+
-

∴ |m ( ⽂ -
hx ) =∞
,

λ ) +
0
-
Infinity
4
Limits at

a -
the cominant
termoheck
立
2 x
成⼆⼀⽅
EX : -
1 +

⼆ lTm
x>∞ 3 + 3x 立 5 ,
 b .
Special function ' s tkmits at
infinity
lim ax = 0 1 im ax = 0
X- 2

-
X- )

forocacl
for a7

*
3 + ex
EX :
= 1的 x
1 + 4
x →∞
-

=
1
的 ] ×+ ( x 0
= =

出)
*
x →∞
+ 1 σ + 1
Continuity
1 .
Definit: on f (x ) is continuous at x = a if

lim fux ) = fca ) ,

X- 7

fax) if
Discontinwity discontinuous at x = a
2 .
is

e : ther a t
2 fcx ) is not defined x=a

近 ) lin fex , do not exist .

X 了a
-

) ,“⻔ am fex ) tfca

x→ a
3 .
The Intermediate Value Theoneww
Derivatives

1 .
Defimit: ow

fcath ) -
fca ) fcx ) -
fca ]

fia ) 1 i = lim
品
=
h X- )
X -
a
。

f < xth ) f< x )

f (x) limon
-

→ h

fix ) at ca fcas ) is
The tangent time of y =
,

y fca )
-
= f[ a ) (x -
a ) ,
 2 .
Difterent:ability and
Continuity
Theovem : If fux ) is dilt at X= a then fcx ) is
,

continuous at x= a .

2
÷)
,
{
sin xto
EX : f .x ) =
x
Is fcx ) di tevent
( : ale
at X = 0 ?
0 X = 0
,

sol : tix ) fc 2
(⽂
tim ) x sim -
-
0 )

= 1的
X 70
X -
0
X 70 X 0
-
-
-

品 xosin ( ⽂ )
=
—
0
时
thm
bythe squeeze .
 The
Ex :
graph of fcx ) is
given as below .

~
y ^

2 ⑧ ⑩
时

同
l

X
45 ns
l
費 7
l

⾼
对
… ! 0

_ O
⑧

not
a) Find numbers aE c - 1
, 8 ) such
f is
that
ditteventiabG at a

+ (Ʃ )
'
b)
Findf ( Ʃ) , ,

c ) Fiud intervals on which fix , < 0

.

sol : f is mot dilt at 0

x= , x =
5

∵
5
=
- ∞ and
-
⼀ =∞

如
 fix ) is not diltatx= 3 X = n : f is not ont. at
,

X= 3 and X = )
fvx ) f( 2 )
.

fux ) f. 2 )
lim
- -

at
2 点 倩
f is not d = lt x = : -
X -
2 + X 2
X 72
-
-

x → 2
-

b) f
'
( 3] = 0
,
f ( Ʃ ) =
4 ,

) f ' Lx For CECODUL 4

C
) Co
,
5 ) U ( 5 . 0 )
. ,