RAVINDRA CLASSES (M.

9810724071)
Chapter 03
ALGEBRA Of MATRICES & DETERMINANTS
 BASIC ALGEBRA Of MATRICES
EXERCISE FOR PRACTICE
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
2 4  2 5 
Q01. (a) If A    and B    , then find (3A  B) .
3 2  3 4
6
(b) If A  1 3 2 and B   2  , find the matrix AB.
 3 
2 (9i  j)
Q02. (a) What is the element a 23 in the matrix A    a ij  33 s.t. a ij  ?
3
i
(b) For a 2  2 matrix A  [a ij ] , whose elements are given by a ij  , write the value of a12 .
j
(c) Write the element a 23 of a 3  3 matrix A  (a ij ) whose elements a ij are given by
| i  j|
a ij  .
2
(d) Write the element a12 of the matrix A  [a ij ]22 , whose elements a ij are given by
a ij  e 2ix sin jx .
Q03. (a) How many matrices of order 2  3 are possible with each entry 0 or 1?
(b) What is the number of all possible matrices of order 3  3 with each entry as 0 or 1?
(c) Write the number of all possible matrices of order 2  2 with each entry 1, 2 or 3.
3 0 0
Q04. Let A   0 x 0  . For what value of x, A will be a scalar matrix?
 0 0 3 
Q05. If a matrix has 12 elements, what are the possible orders it can have?
Q06. A matrix X has a+b rows and a+2 columns while the matrix Y has b+1 rows and a+3 columns.
Both the matrices XY and YX exist. Find the values of a and b.
T
Q07. (a) If A is a matrix of 2  3 and B is of 3  5 , what is the order of  AB  ?
(b) If A is 3  4 matrix and B is a matrix such that A T B and BA T are both defined. Then what
is the order of matrix B?
 i 0 2
Q08. If it is given that A  
0 i  then, find A . Here i  1 .
 
i j
Q09. (a) Construct a matrix [a ij ]43 such that a ij  .
i j
| i  2j|
(b) Construct a 3  2 matrix B such that bij  .
3

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 RAVINDRA CLASSES (M.9810724071)
 i  2 j, if i j

(c) Construct a 2  3 matrix A whose elements are given by a ij   i  j, if i  j.
 i  3j, if i j

 1 0  x 
Q10. (a) Solve the matrix equation:  x 1      O.
 2 3  5 
 3  3 7x  y 
(b) Find the values of x from the matrix equation:   1 5    .
 2  2y 10 
 1 0
(c) Solve the following matrix equation for x : [x 1]  O.
 2 0 
1 2 0 0 
(d) For what values of x : [1 2 1]  2 0 1   2   O ?
 1 0 2   x 
1 0 2  x 
(e) Find x, if [x  5  1]  0 2 1   4   O .
 2 0 3  1 
 4 6   1 0 
Q11. (a) Find matrix A and B if 2A  B    and A  2B   1 1 .
 4 2   
 2 3   2  2
(b) Find matrix X and Y if 2X  3Y    and 3X  2Y   1 5  .
 4 0  
Q12. If A  diag 1 1 2  and B  diag  2 3 1 , find 3A  4B .
8 0   2 2 
Q13. If A   4 2 and B   4 2  , then find the matrix X, such that 2A  3X  5B .
 

 3 6   5 1 
 cos   sin  
Q14. If A    , then for what value of  is A an identity matrix?
 sin  cos  
cos   sin 
Q15. If A    and A  A T  I2 then, what is the value of  ?
 sin  cos  
 sin x cos x 
Q16. If A  
 cos x sin x  then, verify that AA  I .
 
 cos  sin    sin   cos 
Q17. Simplify: cos     sin  cos  sin   .
  sin  cos   
   
Q18. Evaluate: 1  2   if A    satisfies the equation A 2  I .
  
Q19. (a) If A is a square matrix such that A 2  A then, what is the value of (I  A)3  7A ?
(b) If A is a square matrix such that A 2  I , then find the simplified of (A  I) 3  (A  I)3  7A .
Q20. Show that the elements on the main diagonal of a skew-symmetric matrix are all zero.
 a  b 2a  c   1 5 
Q21. (a) Find the value of a and b if   .
 2a  b 3c  d   0 13

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 9 1 4  1 2 1
(b) If    A   0 4 9  , then find the matrix A.
 2 1 3   
 a  4 3b   2a  2 b  2 
(c) If    , write the value of a – 2b.
 8 6   8 a  8b 
 2 4 2   1 2 6 
(d) If    A   4 5 0 , then find the matrix A.
3 7 3  
 2 5   0 2 
(e) If   A    , then find the matrix A.
 3 7  1 3
Q22. Solve for the unknown variables viz. w, x, y, z, a, b, c (as the case may be) in the followings:
 7 14  x 5  3 4  x  y 3  1 3 
a) 15 14   2  7 y  3  1 2 b)  7 
       xy  7 12 
 x 2  5x   2   x 2   x   2 
c)  2    3  3  d)  2 3    
y
   6y     y   2y   9 
 x  y 2x  z   1 5   2x  y 3y   x  3 y 2  2 
e)  2x  y 3z  a    0 13 f)  0  
     y 2  5y   0 6 
 x  3 z  4 2y  7   0 6 3y  2 
g)  4x  6 a  1 0  
 2x 3 2c  2 
   
 b  3 3b z  2c   2b  4 21 0 
 1 1 x 1  2 2 2
h) A  , B   such that A  B  (A  B )
 2  1  y 1
 2 1 1 1
x y  x 6   4 x  y
i) 3   j)  x 2 1 1 3 0  1  O
z w   1 2w   z  w 3 
 2 2 4  1
 2 0 7    x 14x 7x 
Q23. For what value (s) of x, the matrix product  0 1 0   0 1 0  equals an identity

 1 2 1   x 4x 2x 
matrix?
 0 2y z 
Q24. Find the values of x, y, z if the matrix A   x y  z  satisfies the equation A T A  I .
 x  y z 
 0 2y z 
OR Find the value of x, y and z, if A   x y z  satisfies A  A 1 .
 x  y z 
 1 0 1 1 
  
Q25. If (2 1 3)  1 1 0  0   A , then write the order of matrix A.
  
 0 1 1  1
Q26. Prove that every square matrix can be uniquely expressed as the sum of a symmetric matrix and
a skew-symmetric matrix.
Q27. If A and B are symmetric matrices of the same order, then show that AB is symmetric if and
only if A and B commute. [A and B commute means AB  BA .]

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Q28. If A and B are symmetric matrices, prove that AB  BA is a skew-symmetric matrix.
Q29. Show that the matrix BT AB is symmetric or skew-symmetric according as A is symmetric or
skew-symmetric.
Q30. If B is skew-symmetric matrix, write whether ABA is symmetric or skew-symmetric.
 0 5 3 
 
Q31. (a) Write the values of p and q such that the matrix A is skew symmetric, A   5 p 4  .
 q 4 0 
 
0 2b 2 
(b) Matrix A   3 1 3  is given to be symmetric, find the values of a and b.
 
3a 3 1
 3 5
(c) If the matrix A    is written as A  P  Q , where P is a symmetric matrix and Q is
7 9
skew symmetric matrix, then write the matrix P.
10 2
Q32. If Z  then find Z1 , if it exists. Use elementary operations.
5 1
0 1
Q33. If A    then, write the matrix A4.
1 0
0 0
Q34. If A    , then find the value of A 20 .
 3 0
3 4 1 y  7 0
Q35. (a) If 2    , then find (x – y).
5 x   0 1   10 5 
0 3   0 4a 
(b) If A    and kA    , find the values of k and a.
 2 5   8 5b 
(c) Find the value of (x + y) from the following matrix equation :
x 5   3 4   7 6 
2   .
 7 y  3 1 2  15 14 
Q36. Use elementary column operations C2  C2  2C1 in the matrix equation
 4 2   1 2  2 0 
 3 3    0 3  1 1  .
    
 2 0
Q37. Find the matrix A, if it is given that   A  A2 .
 3 2
Q38. Give an example of two non-zero 2  2 matrices A and B such that AB  O .

SHORT & LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q01. If li , m i , n i ; i  1, 2, 3 denote the direction cosines of three mutually perpendicular lines in the
 l1 m1 n1 
space, then prove that AA  I such that A  l2 m 2 n 2  .
T

l3 m3 n 3 
[Based on the concept from Three Dimensional Geometry, NCERT Chapter 11.]

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 0 6 7 0 1 1  2
Q02. (a) If A   6 0 8  , B   1 0 2  and C   2  , then verify that  A  B  C  AC  BC .
   

 7 8 0   1 2 0   3 
 0 6 7 0 1 1  2 
(b) If A   6 0 8  , B   1 0 2  , C   2  , then calculate AC, BC and (A + B) C.
   

 7 8 0   1 2 0  3 
Also verify that (A + B) C = AC + BC.
 This property is known as the distributive property of matrix addition.
 1 2 3   7 8 9 
Q03. Find the matrix A, if A   .
 4 5 6  2 4 6 
 2 1  1 8 10 
Q04. If it is known that  1 0  A   1 2 5  , find A.
 
 3 4   9 22 15 
Q05. Define a symmetric and skew-symmetric matrix.
Prove that for the matrix X, X  X T is skew-symmetric matrix whereas X  X T , XX T and X T X
 1 1 
is symmetric matrix, where X   .
 2 4 
 2 1
Q06. Express the matrix   as the sum of symmetric and skew-symmetric matrix.
4 5 
 0 a b
1 1
Q07. Find  A  A  and  A  A  where A   a 0 c  .
2 2
  b c 0 
1 2   3 1
Q08. If A    and B    , show that AB – BA is a skew-symmetric matrix.
2 3  1 3 
 3 2 3
Q09. (a) Express  4 5 3 as the sum of a symmetric and a skew-symmetric matrix.
 2 4 5
 3 6 0 
(b) Express A   4 5 8  as the sum of a symmetric and a skew-symmetric matrix.
 
 0 7 1
 2 4 6 
(c) Express the matrix  7 3 5  as the sum of a symmetric and skew-symmetric matrix.
 
 1 2 4 
4 2
Q10. If A   and f (x)  x 2  5x  6 then, find f (A).
 1 1 
2 0 1
Q11. If A   2 1 3  and f (x)  x 2  5x  6 then, find f (A).

 1 1 0 

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 2 0 1
 
OR If A   2 1 3  , find A 2  5A  16 I .
 1 1 0 
 
1 0 2
Q12. If A   0 2 1  then, show that A is a root of the cubic equation x 3  6x 2  7x  2  0 .
 2 0 3 
3 2  1 0
Q13. (a) If A    and I    , find the value of k so that A 2  kA  2 I .
4 2  0 1
2 3
(b) If A    be such that A 1  kA , find the value of k.
5 2 
2 3 1
(c) If A    , show that A 1  A .
5 2  19
2 3
Q14. (a) Let A    and f (x)  x 2  4x  7 . Show that f (A)  O . Use this result to find A5.
 1 2
2 3
(b) Let A    , then show that A2 – 4A + 7I = O. Using this result calculate A3 also.
 1 2
1 2 
Q15. If A    and A 2  2 B  7 I  O then, find the matrix B.
 2 1
 1 2 3
Q16. If A   3 2 1 then, prove that A3  23A  40 I  O .
 4 2 1
3 2 0
Q17. (a) If A  1 4 0  then, prove that (A  5I)(A  2I)  O . Hence find A–1.
 0 0 5 
 2 1 1 
 
(b) For the matrix A   1 2 1 , show that A 2  5A  4I  O . Hence find A 1 .
 1 1 2 
 
1 2 2
(c) If A   2 1 2  , then show that A 2  4A  5I  O , and hence find A 1 .
 2 2 1 
1 1 1 
Q18. For the matrix A   1 2 3 , verify that A3  6 A 2  5A  11 I  O . Hence find A–1.
 2 1 3 
5 3
Q19. (a) Show that   satisfies the equation x 2  3x  7  0 .
 1 2 
Thus find the inverse of given matrix.
 2 1
(b) If A    and I is the identity matrix of order 2, then show that A 2  4A  3I . Hence
 1 2 
find A 1 .

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3 1
Q20. (a) If A    then, find x and y so that A 2  x I  yA  O . Hence find A 1 .
 7 5
 2 1
(b) If A    and A 2  A  I  O, then find the values of  and .
 1 2 
3 2 
Q21. If A    then, find a and b so that A 2  a A  b I  O . Hence find A 1 .
1 1 
 0 1
 2 1 2    T T T
Q22. If A    and B   1 3  then, verify that (AB)  B A .
  4 2 1 
 4 5 
Q23. Prove the followings by the Principle Of Mathematical Induction :
 cos n sin n   cos  sin  
a) A n    , n  N if A   
  sin n cos n    sin  cos  
 cos n i sin n   cos  i sin  
b) A n    for all n  N if A   
i sin n cos n  i sin  cos  
n
c)  a I  b A   a n I  n a n 1b A  n  N , where I is the identity matrix of 2nd order, if it is given
0 1
that matrix A   .
0 0
1  2n 4n  3 4 
d) A n   , n  Z 
if A 
 n 1  2n  1 1
 
n 1 n 1 n 1
3 3 3  1 1 1
 n 1 n 1 n 1 
n
e) A  3 3 3  , n  N if A  1 1 1
3n 1 3n 1 3n 1  1 1 1
 
 b  a n  1 
n a n   a b 
f) A   a  1  , n  0, n  Z  {0} if A   where a  1
 0 1 
 0 1 
a n n a n 1  a 1 
g) A n   n 
for every positive integer n if A   
0 a  0 a 
 n (n  1) 
1 n
2  1 1 1
 
h) A n  0 1 n  , n  N if it is given that A  0 1 1
0 0 1  0 0 1
 
 
1 n 1 1
i) A n   for all the positive integers n if A  0 1 .
0 1   
Q24. (a) If A  diag  a b c  , show that A n  diag  a n bn c n  for all positive integer n.
(b) If A and B are square matrices of the same order such that AB = BA, then prove by using
induction that ABn  Bn A . Further, prove that (AB) n  A n Bn for all n  N .

7 MATHEMATICS (CBSE & COMPETITION)

 RAVINDRA CLASSES (M.9810724071)
 x
 0  tan 
2 & is an identity matrix then, show that
Q25. If A    I
 tan x 0 
 2 
cos x  sin x 
(I  A)  (I  A)  .
 sin x cos x 
cos x  sin x 0 
Q26. If (x)   sin x cos x 0  then, show that (x)(y)  (x  y) .
 0 0 1 
Q27. By using elementary operations (transformations), find the inverse of matrix A (if it exists) in
the followings :
1 2   3 10   1 1  6 3
a)   b)   c)   d)  
 2 1 2 7  2 3   2 1 
0 1 2 1 1 2  2 3 3   1 2 2 
e)  1 2 3

f)  0 2 3  
g)  2 2 3

 h)  1 3 0 
 3 1 1   3 2 4   3 2 2  0 2 1 
0 0 1 3 2 1  1 1 0   2 0 1
 
i)  3 4 5

j)  3
0 1 

k)  2 5 3  l)  5 1 0 
 2 4 7  1 0  2  0 2 1  0 1 3 
 
 cos 2 θ cosθ sin θ  cos 2 β cosβsin β 
Q28. Prove that the product of matrices  2  and  2  is a null
 cosθ sin θ sin θ   cosβsin β sin β 
π
matrix when θ and β differ by an odd multiple of .
2
  1  2    2 1    1   0
   
Q29. Using 1    2  0 and 3  1 , show that :    2 1    2 1        0 .
 2 1     2 1   2   0
       
 The identities 1     2
 0 and 3  1 are known as complex cube root of unity.
1 2 2 
Q30. If A   2 1 2  is a matrix satisfying AA T  9 I3 , then find the values of a and b.
 
 a 2 b 
Q31. In XII class examination, 25 students from school A and 35 students from school B appeared.
Only 20 students from each school could get through the examination. Out of them, 15 students
from school A and 10 students from school B secured full marks. Write down this information in
matrix from.
 8 16 
Q32. Let matrix A    , where first row represents the number of table fans and second row
32 48
represents the number of ceiling fans which two manufacturing units x and y makes in one day.
Compute 7A and, state what does it represents?
 2 0 1
 
Q33. If A   2 1 3  find A 2  5A  4 I and hence find a matrix X s. t. A 2  5A  4 I  X  O .
 1 1 0 
 

MATHEMATICS (CBSE & COMPETITION) 8

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 DETERMINANTS, ITS PROPERTIES & APPLICATIONS
EXERCISE FOR PRACTICE
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
a  ib c  id
Q01. (a) Determine the value of the determinant: .
c  id a  ib
1  2
(b) If  is a complex cube root of unity, then find the value of :  2 1 .
2 1 
sin 20o cos 20o
(c) Write the value of .
 sin 70o cos 70o
p 0 0
(d) Find the value of a q 0 .
b c r
 cos  sin  
(e) If A    , then for any natural number n, find the value of Det (A n ) .
  sin  cos  
1 1 1
(f) Find the maximum value of 1 1  sin  1 .
1 1 1  cos 
3x 3 8
Q02. Find the value of xy , if  4 .
4 4y3
3x 1 1 1
Q03. (a) If  , find the value(s) of x.
5 x 7 2
x  1 x  1 4 1
(b) If  , then write the value of x.
x 3 x  2 1 3
2x 5 6 2
(c) If  , write the value of x.
8 x 7 3
 2sin x 1 3 0
Q04. If x  R, 0  x  , and  , then find the values of x.
2 1 sin x 4 sin x
Q05. If A  [a ij ] is a 3  3 matrix and Aij denotes the co-factors of the corresponding elements a ij ’s
then, what is the value of a 21A11  a 22 A12  a 23 A13 ?
Q06. If A  [a ij ] is a 3  3 matrix and M ij ’s denotes the minors of the corresponding elements a ij ’s
then, write the expression for the value of A by expanding A by third column.
Q07. (a) It is known that A  2B , where A and B are square matrices of third order and B  5 . What
is the value of A ?
(b) If A is a square matrix such that A  adjA   5 I then determine the value of A .
(c) If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that A  5 then determine the value of adjA .
(d) If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that adjA  64 then find A .

9 MATHEMATICS (CBSE & COMPETITION)

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(e) If A is a non-singular square matrix such that A  10 then determine the value of A 1 .
(f) If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that A  adjA   5 I , find adjA .
(g) Assume that A is a square matrix of order 3, then what will be the value of k A .
(h) If adjA  36 then, find 3A 1 if A is a square matrix of order 3.
(i) If A is a non-singular square matrix of order 3 then, determine the value of adjA .
(j) If A is a 3  3 matrix, |A|  0 and |3A| = k |A|, then write the value of k.
(k) If A is a square matrix such that | A |  5 , write the value of | AA T | .
(l) A and B are square matrices of order 3 each, A  2 and B  3. Find 3AB .
5  x x  1
Q08. (a) For what value of x, the matrix  is singular?
 2 4 
 2  x 3
(b) For what value of x, the matrix   is non- invertible?
 5 1 
 7  2x x  5
(c) For what value of x, the matrix  is singular?
 3 7 
 3 2sin x 
(d) If 0  x   and the matrix  is singular, write the value(s) of x.
 2sin x 1 
 2sin x 3 
(e) In the interval  /2  x   , find the value of x for which  is singular.
 1 2sin x 
Q09. Prove that (A–1)′ = (A′)–1, where A is an invertible matrix.
2 3 
Q10. If A    , then write A 1 .
 5 2 
1
 x 0 0
Q11. If x, y, z are all non-zero real numbers then, find  0 y 0 .
 0 0 z 
2 4 7
Q12. Find the minor of the element 8 in the following determinant :   3 6 8 .
2 3 1
Q13. (a) Find the equation of line joining the points (1, 2) and (3, 6) using determinants.
(b) Show that the points (a, b  c), (b, c  a) and (c, a  b) are collinear.
(c) Find the value of x, if area of a  is 35 sq.units with the vertices (x, 4), (2,  6) and (5, 4) .
sin  A  B  C  sin B cos C
Q14. If A, B, C are angles of a triangle, find the value of  sin B 0 tan A .
cos  A  B   tan A 0
sin(A  B  C) sin B cos C
OR If A  B  C   , then find the value of  sin B 0 tan A .
cos(A  B)  tan A 0
1 2 3 
Q15. Find A(adj.A) without finding adj.A if A  3 1 2  .
1 0 3 

MATHEMATICS (CBSE & COMPETITION) 10

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Q16. Without actually expanding, evaluate the determinants given below:
3 2 3 2 7 65 102 18 36
a) 2 2 3 b) 3 8 75 c) 1 3 4
3 2 3 5 9 86 17 3 6
1 a bc bc ca ab a b c
d) 1 b c  a e) c  a a  b b  c f) a  2x b  2y c  2z
1 c ab a b bc ca x y z
xy yz zx a b bc ca 1 bc a(b  c)
g) z x y h) b  c c  a a  b i) 1 ca b(c  a)
1 1 1 ca a b bc 1 ab c(a  b)
0 a b a c
j) b  a 0 bc
ca cb 0
Q17. Evaluate the followings using properties of determinants:
1 a bc 1 1 1 x y xy
a) 1 b ca b) x y z c) y xy x
1 c ab yz zx xy xy x y
xa a a yz x x 0 b c
d) b xb b e) y zx y f) b 0 a.
c c xc z z xy c a 0
0 a b cos  cos  cos  sin   sin 
g) a 0  c h)  sin  cos  0
b c 0 sin  cos  sin  sin  cos 
1 x y sin  cos cos(  )
i) 1 x  y y j) sin  cos  cos(  )
1 x xy sin  cos  cos(   )
2
1 x x 1 1 1
2
Q18. If Δ = 1 y y , Δ1 = yz zx xy , then prove that Δ  Δ1  0 .
1 z z2 x y z

SHORT & LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS – TYPE A

 1 1 0 1  1 2
Q01. (a) If A    , B   , C and AB  CD  O then, find the matrix D.
2 1   2 4 1 4 
 2 1  5 2 2 5
(b) Let A    , B   , C . Find a matrix D such that CD  AB  O .
3 4   7 4 3 8
 2 1   3 2 
Q02. Find the matrix A, satisfying the matrix equation:  A  I.
 3 2  5 3
2 3   1 2 
Q03. (a) If A    , B  , verify that (AB)1  B1A 1 .
1 4   1 3 

11 MATHEMATICS (CBSE & COMPETITION)

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 1 2   1 1
(b) If A    and B    then, verify that A 1B1  (BA) 1 .
 3 0 2 2 
2 1  1  1 0 
Q04. If A    and B    then, find (AB)1 .
3 4  3 4
 2 1 
Q05. (a) Let A    . Then verify A(adjA)  (adjA)A  | A | I .
 3 4
1 3 3 
(b) If A  1 4 3  then, verify that A(adj.A)  A I . Also find A 1 .
1 3 4 
 1 2 2 
 
(c) Find the adjoint of the matrix A   2 1 2  and hence show that A. (adj A)  | A | I3 .
 2 2 1 
 
1
 θ θ
 1  tan   1
2
tan 
2  cos θ  sin θ  .
Q06. Show that:     sin θ cos θ 
 tan θ 1    tan
θ
1   
 2   2 
 1 sin α 1 

Q07. Let A    sin α 1 sin α  , where 0  α  2π . Then which of the following is true:
 1  sin α 1 
a) det.(A )  0 b) det.(A )  [2, 4] c) det.(A )  (2, 4) d) det.(A )  (2, )
1 sin  1
OR Evaluate the determinant    sin  1 sin  . Also prove that 2    4 .
1  sin  1
 1 2 3 
Q08. If A   0 1 4  , find (A)1 .
 2 2 1 
Q09. Find matrix A in the followings :
 3 1   2 4 1 2
(a) A   (b) A   6 I2
 4 2   1 3  1 4 
1 4  1 2  1 4   16 6 
(c) 2  A  (d) 3 2  A   7
 5  0 4    2 
2 1   3 2   2 4 
(e) 3 A 
 2  5 3  3 1
 3 1 1 
Q10. Find the inverse of matrix A   15 6 5  and hence show that A 1 . A  I .

 5 2 2 
 
 cos   sin  0 
 
Q11. If A   sin  cos  0  , find adj.A and verify that A(adj.A)  (adj.A)A  A I3 .
 0 0 1 


MATHEMATICS (CBSE & COMPETITION) 12

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SHORT & LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS – TYPE B
x sin  cos 
Q01. Prove that  sin  x 1 is independent of  .
cos  1 x
x sin  cos 
OR If  sin   x 1  8 , write the value of x.
cos  1 x
2
a a  (b  c) 2
2
bc
Q02. Prove that : b2 b 2  (c  a) 2 ca  (a  b)(b  c)(c  a)(a  b  c)(a 2  b 2  c2 ) .
c2 c 2  (a  b) 2 ab
(b  c) 2 a2 bc
2 2
OR Prove that : (c  a) b ca  (a  b)(b  c)(c  a)(a  b  c)(a 2  b 2  c 2 ) .
(a  b) 2 c2 ab
Q03. Prove the followings:
1 a a 2  bc b2c2 bc b  c
2 2 2
a) 1 b b  ac  0 b) c a ca c  a  0
1 c c 2  ab a 2 b2 ab a  b
a2 1 ab ac xyz 2x 2x
2 2 2 2 3
c) ab b 1 bc  1  a  b  c d) 2y yzx 2y  x  y  z
2
ac bc c 1 2z 2z zxy
1   2   xy zx yz
2 2
e) 1      2              f) y z x    x  y  z  z  x 
1   2   z x y
a 2  b2
c c
13  3 2 5 5 c
b2  c2
g) 15  26 5 10  5 3 [ 6  5] h) a a  4abc
a
3  65 15 5 a 2  c2
b b
b
2ab a2 b2 a ab abc
3 2
i) a 2 2
b 2ab    a  b 3
 j) 2a 3a  2b 4a  3b  2c  a 3
b2 2ab a 2 3a 6a  3b 10a  6b  3c
3a a  b a  c
k)  b  a 3b  b  c  3  a  b  c  ab  bc  ca 
c  a c  b 3c
xy x x 0 b2a c2a
l) 5x  4y 4x 2x  x 3 m) a 2 b 0 c 2 b  2a 3 b3c3
10x  8y 8x 3x a 2c b2c 0

13 MATHEMATICS (CBSE & COMPETITION)

 RAVINDRA CLASSES (M.9810724071)
x xy x  2y a  bx c  dx p  qx a c p
n) x  2y x x  y  9y  x  y  2
o) ax  b cx  d px  q  1  x 2
b d q
x  y x  2y x u v w u v w
bc ca ab a b c bc a b a
p) q  r r  p pq  2 p q r q) c  a b  c b  3abc  a 3  b 3  c3
yz zx xy x y z a b ca c
a2 bc ac  c 2 x 2  2x 2x  1 1
3
r) a 2  ab b2 ac  4a 2 b 2 c 2 s) 2x  1 x  2 1   x  1
ab b 2  bc c2 3 3 1
bc a a a 2 ab ac
t) b ca b  4abc u) ba b2 bc  4a 2 b 2 c 2  (2abc) 2
c c ab ca cb c 2
2
1 x x2  y  z xy zx
2 3
v) x 2 1 x  (1  x 3 ) 2 w) xy x  z yz  2xyz  x  y  z 
x x2 1 xz yz  x  y
2

a a2 bc 1 a2 a3
x) b b 2 ca  1 b 2 b3   a  b  b  c  c  a  ab  bc  ca 
c c2 ab 1 c 2 c3
abc c b
y) c abc a  2  a  b  b  c  c  a 
b a abc
x  y  2z x y
3
z) z y  z  2x y  2  x  y  z
z x z  x  2y
x y z
2 2
aa) x y z2   x  y  y  z  z  x  x  y  z 
yz zx xy
1  x 2  y2 2xy 2y
3
ab) 2xy 1  x 2  y2 2x  1  x 2  y 2 
2y 2x 1  x 2  y2
1 a 1 1
 1 1 1
ac) 1 1 b 1  abc 1      abc  bc  ca  ab
 a b c
1 1 1 c
a  b  nc na  a nb  b
3
ad) nc  c b  c  na nb  b  n a  b  c
nc  c na  a c  a  nb

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2 2
 x  2   x  1 x2 x a b c
2 2
ae)  x  1 x2  x  1  8 af) a xb c  x 2  x  a  b  c
2 2
x2  x  1  x  2  a b xc

x y z
2 2
ag) x y z 2   x  y  y  z  z  x  xy  yz  zx 
yz zx xy
b2  c2 ab ac 1 a a3
ah) ba c2  a 2 bc  4a 2 b 2 c 2 ai) 1 b b3   a  b  b  c  c  a  a  b  c 
ca cb a 2  b2 1 c c3
b2  c2 a2 a2 (b  c)2 a2 a2
aj) b2 c2  a 2 b 2  4a 2 b 2 c 2 ak) b2 (c  a) 2 b2  2abc(a  b  c)3
c2 c2 a 2  b2 c2 c2 (a  b)2

2y yzx 2y
al) 2z 2z z  x  y  (x  y  z)3
xyz 2x 2x
ax y z x 2x 2x
2
am) x ay z  a (a  x  y  z) an) 2x x 2x  (5x   )(  x)2
x y az 2x 2x x
1 1 p 1 p  q a3 2 a
3
ao) 3 4  3p 2  4p  3q  1 ap) b 2 b  2(a  b)(b  c)(c  a)(a  b  c)
4 7  4p 2  7p  4q c3 2 c
1 x x 1
aq) 2x x(x  1) x(x  1)  6x 2 (1  x 2 ) .
3x(1  x) x(x  1)(x  2) x(x  1)(x  1)
x x 2 1  px 3
Q04. Prove that: y y 2 1  py3  1  pxyz  x  y  y  z  z  x  .
z z 2 1  pz 3
x x 2 1  px 3
Q05. If y y2 1  py3  0 then, show that 1  pxyz  0 . Assume that x  y  z, where x, y, z, p  R .
z z 2 1  pz3
a bc bc
Q06. Using properties of determinants, prove that : a  c b c  a  (a  b  c)(a 2  b 2  c 2 ) .
ab ba c
th th th
Q07. If a, b and c are all positive and p , q and, r terms of a G.P. then, prove that

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log a p 1
log b q 1  0 .
log c r 1
x 1 x 3 x a
Q08. a) If a, b and c are in arithmetic progression, then prove that x  2 x  5 x  b  0 .
x 3 x 7 x c
2p  4 5p  7 8p  a
b) If a, b and c are in A.P. then, find the value of the determinant 3p  5 6p  8 9p  b .
4p  6 7p  9 10p  c
a b c

Q09. If a, b, c  R and a  b  c then, show that b c a  0 i.e., the value of the given
c a b
determinant is negative.
bc ca ab
Q10. (a) If a, b, c are real numbers, and it is known that c  a a  b b  c  0 .
ab bc ca
Show that either a  b  c  0 or, a  b  c .
a b c
(b) If a  b  c  0 and b c a  0 , then using properties of determinants, prove that
c a b
a  b c.
a b c
(c) If a  b  c and b c a  0 , then using properties of determinants, prove that
c a b
a bc  0.
xa x x ax ax ax
Q11. Solve the equation : x xa x  0, a  0 . Q12. Solve: a  x a  x a  x  0 .
x x xa ax ax ax
ab pq x y a p x a b bc ca a b c
Q13. Prove that : a) b  c q  r y  z  2 b q y b) b  c c  a a  b  2 b c a .
ca rp z x c r z ca a b bc c a b
Q14. Using properties of determinants, show that :
bc ca ab
c  a a  b b  c  2  a  b  c   ab  bc  ca  a 2  b 2  c 2  .
a b bc ca
1 a a2
Q15. Show that 1 b b 2  (a  b)(b  c)(c  a) .
1 c c2
 This determinant (Q15) is called a circular determinant.
MATHEMATICS (CBSE & COMPETITION) 16
 RAVINDRA CLASSES (M.9810724071)
 bc b 2  bc c 2  bc
3
Q16. If none of a, b and, c is zero, then show that a 2  ac ac c 2  ac   ab  bc  ca  .
a 2  ab b 2  ab ab
3 5 2 7 7
Q17. Using the properties of determinants, prove that: 35  6 7 14  7 5 ( 10  7) .
5  21 35 7
ax c b
Q18. If a  b  c  0 , solve : c bx a  0.
b a cx
αx γ β
OR Using properties of determinants, show that, if α  β  γ  0 and γ βx α  0 , then
β α γx
3[α 2  β 2  γ 2 ]
x  0 or x   .
2
b2c2 bc b  c
2 2
Q19. Using properties of determinants, prove that c a ca c  a  0 .
a 2 b2 ab a  b
Q20. If x, y, z are the 10th, 13th and 15th terms of a GP, find the value of
log x 10 1 
det.(A) if A  log y 13 1  .
 
 log z 15 1 
Q21. If [.] denotes the greatest integer function, and 1  x  0, 0  y  1, 1  z  2 then, find value of
 x   1  y  z
the determinant:  x   y  1  z .
x  y  z  1
1 1
1 ab 
a b
1 1
Q22. Write the value of the determinant: 1 bc  .
b c
1 1
1 ca 
c a
x 3i 1
Q23. Find the values of x and y if y 1 i  6  11i .
0 2i i
a 1 0
Q24. If f (x)  ax a 1 , using properties of determinants find the value of f (2x)  f (x) .
ax 2 ax a

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0 2 3
Q25. Without expanding the determinant at any stage, prove that 2 0 4  0.
3 4 0
Q26. If x, y, z are in GP, then using properties of determinants, show that
px + y x y
py + z y z  0, where x  y  z and p is any real number.
0 px + y py + z
x2 x6 x 1
Q27. Using the properties of determinants, solve for x : x  6 x  1 x  2  0 .
x 1 x  2 x  6
yz  x2 zx  y2 xy  z2
Q28. Prove that zx  y2 xy  z2 yz  x2 is divisible by (x  y  z) , and hence find the quotient.
xy  z2 yz  x 2 zx  y2
Q29. Using properties of determinants, show that ABC is isosceles if :
1 1 1
1  cos A 1  cos B 1  cos C  0 .
cos A  cos A cos B  cos B cos2 C  cos C
2 2

(a  b) 2
c c
c
(b  c)2 3
Q30. Using properties of determinants, prove that a a  2 a  b  c .
a
(c  a)2
b b
b
p q p  q
Q31. If p  0, q  0 and q r q  r  0 , then, using properties of determinants, prove
p  q q  r 0
that at least one of the following statements is true :
(a) p, q, r are in G.P.
(b)  is a root of the equation px 2  2qx  r  0 .

 Based On Application Of Matrices & Determinants

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q01. Solve the given system of equations for x, y and z :
a) x  y  4, 2x  3y  9
b) x  2y  3z  3, 2x  3y  2z  5, 3x  y  4z  11
c) x  2y  z  7, x  3z  11, 2x  3y  1
d) 2x  y  3z  9, x  y  z  6, x  y  z  2
2 3 10 4 6 5 6 9 20
e)    4,    1,    2 ; x, y, z  0
x y z x y z x y z
f) 5x  3y  z  16, 2x  y  3z  19, x  2y  4z  25

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4 1 2
g) 3x   7xz  14, 2x   3xz  4, x   3xz  0
y y y
h) 2x  y  z  4, 3x  y  2z  6, x  z  2
1 2 5
Q02. If A   2 1 1  then, find A 1 . Hence solve the following system of equations:

 3 4 1
x  2y  3z  8, 2x  y  4z  8, 5x  y  z  16 .
 2 0 1
Q03. Find the inverse of the matrix  1 2 3  . Hence solve the following system of equations:
 2 2 1
2x  z  4, x  2y  3z  0, 2x  2y  z  2 .
Q04. (a) A shopkeeper has 3 varieties of pens ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’. Meenu purchased 1 pen of each
variety for a total of ` 21. Jeevan purchased 4 pens of ‘A’ variety, 3 pens of ‘B’ variety and 2
pens of ‘C’ variety for ` 60. While Shikha purchased 6 pens of ‘A’ variety, 2 pens f ‘B’ variety
and 3 pens of ‘C’ variety for ` 70. Using matrix method, find cost of each variety of pen.
(b) The sum of three numbers is 6. If we multiply third number by 3 and add second number to
it, we get 11. By adding first and third numbers, we get double of the second number. Find these
three numbers by using matrix method.
 2 3 5 
Q05. Given that A   3 2 4  then, find A 1 . Using A 1 , solve the following system of
1 1 2 
equations : 2x  3y  5z  11, 3x  2y  4z  5, x  y  2z  3 .
 2 1 1   3 1 1
Q06. If A   1 2 1 , B   1 3 1  then, find AB. Use this product to solve the system of
 1 1 2   1 1 3 
equations : 2x  y  z  1,  x  2y  z  4, x  y  2z  3 .
 1 1 2   2 0 1 
Q07. Use the product  0 2 3  9 2 3 to solve the following system of equations:
 3 2 4   6 1 2 
x  y  2z  1, 2y  3z  1, 3x  2y  4z  2 .
 4 4 4  1 1 1 
Q08. Find the matrix product  7 1 3  1 2 2  .
  
 5 3 1  2 1 3 
Hence or otherwise solve the system of equations given as:
x  y  z  4, x  2y  2z  9, 2x  y  3z  1 .
 3 4 2   3 4 26 
Q09. If A   2 3 5  , B   3 1 11 then, find AB.
 
1 0 1   3 4 17 
Using this product, solve the system of equations given as :
3x  4y  2z  1, 2x  3y  5z  7, x  z  2 .

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 1 2 3 
Q10. If A   2 3 1  , find A 1 . Hence solve the following system of equations:
 3 2 4 
x  2y  3z  3, 2x  3y  2z  5, 3x  y  4z  11 .
 3 2 3 
Q11. Given A   2 1 1 , find A 1 .
 4 3 2 
Hence solve the system of equations: 3x  2y  3z  8, 2x  y  z  1, 4x  3y  2z  4 .
1 1 1   2 2 2
Q12. Let A   2 2 0  and B   2 4 2  , verify that BA  4 I , where I is a unit matrix.
 

 3 3 1  0 6 4 
Hence solve the given system of equations: 2y  2x  2z  0, 2x  4y  2z  2,  6y  4z  8 .
Q13. Solve the following system of equations:
a) 2x  3y  5, 6x  9y  15
b) 5x  3y  7z  4, 3x  26y  2z  9, 7x  2y  10z  5
c) x  y  z  3, 2x  y  z  2,  x  2y  2z  1
d) x  y  z  6, x  2y  3z  14, x  4y  7z  30
e) 2x  2y  2z  1, 4x  4y  z  2, 6x  6y  2z  3
f) 2x  y  3z  5, 3x  2y  z  7, 4x  5y  5z  9
g) x  2y  z  0, x  y  z  0, 3x  6y  5z  0
h) 3x  y  2z  0, x  y  z  0, x  2y  z  0
Q14. For city A, the cost of 4kg wheat, 3kg onion and 2kg rice is `60. For city B, the cost of 2kg
wheat, 4kg onion and 6kg rice is `90. Also for city C, the cost of 6kg wheat, 2kg onion and 3kg
rice is `70. Find the cost of each item per kilogram by using matrices. Also state which city
spends more for buying onions? In recent times, general public was affected due to heavy price
rise in the onions. What could be reasons for this in your opinion? Can you suggest any
measures to be taken to prevent this issue in future?
Q15. Two schools P and Q want to award their selected students on the values of Tolerance,
Kindness and Leadership. The school P wants to award `x each, `y each and `z each for the
three respective values to its 3, 2 and 1 students respectively with a total award money of
`2200. School Q wants to spend `3100 to award its 4, 1 and 3 students on the respective values
(by giving the same award money for the three values as school P). If the total amount of award
for one prize on each value is `1200, using matrices, find the award money for each value.
Apart from the above these three values, suggest one more value which should be considered for
award.
Q16. There are three families. First family consists of 2 male members, 4 female members and 3
children. Second family consists of 3 male members, 3 female members and 2 children. Third
family consists of 2 male members, 2 female members and 5 children. Male member earns `500
per day and spends `300 per day. Female member earns `400 per day and spends `250 per day,
child member spends `40 per day. Find the money each family saves per day using matrices?
What is the necessity of saving in the family?
Q17. Two schools A and B decided to award prizes to their students for three values honesty (x),
punctuality (y) and obedience (z). School A decided to award a total of `11000 for the three
values to 5, 4 and 3 students respectively while school B decided to award `10700 for the three
values to 4, 3 and 5 students respectively. If all the three prizes together amount to `2700, then:

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 RAVINDRA CLASSES (M.9810724071)
i. Represent the above situation by a matrix equation and form linear equations using
matrix multiplication.
ii. Is it possible to solve the system of equations so obtained using matrices?
iii. Which value you prefer to be rewarded most and why?
Q18. Two schools P and Q want to award their selected students on the values of Discipline,
Politeness and Punctuality. The school P wants to award `x each, `y each and `z each for the
three respective values to its 3, 2 and 1 students with a total award money of `1000. School Q
wants to spend `1500 to award its 4, 1 and 3 students on the respective values (by giving the
same award money for the three values as before). If the total amount of awards for one prize
on each value is `600, using matrices, find the award money for each value.
Apart from the above three values, suggest one more value for awards.
Q19. Mr. Nakul Saini has invested a part of his income in 10% (bond A) and another part of his
income in 15% (bond B). His interest during a certain period is `4000. Had he invested 20%
more in bond A and 10% more in bond B, his interest would have been increased by `500 for
the same period. Then: (i) Represent the above situation by a matrix equation and form linear
equations using matrix multiplication. (ii) Is it possible to solve the system of equations so
obtained by matrices? If yes, solve it too.
Q20. For keeping fit, X people believe in morning walk, Y people believe in yoga and Z people join
gym. Total number of people are 70. Further 20%, 30% and 40% people are suffering from any
diseases who believe in morning walk, yoga and gym respectively. Total number of such people
is 21. If morning walk costs `0, yoga costs `500/month and gym costs `400/month and total
expenditure is `23000.
(i) Formulate a matrix problem.
(ii) Calculate the no. of each type of people.
(iii) Why exercise is important for health?
Q21. (a) In a parliament election in our country, a political party hired a public relation firm to
promote its candidates in 3 ways – telephone, house calls and letters. The cost per contact (in
paise) is given in matrix A as
140  Telephone
A   200  House Call
 
150  Letters
The number of contacts of each type made in two cities X and Y is given in the matrix B as
Telephone House Call Letters
1000 500 5000  City X
B
3000 1000 10000  City Y
Find the total amount spent by the party in the two cities.
What should one consider before casting his/her vote – party’s promotional activity or their
social activities?
(b) In a Legislative assembly election, a political party hired a public relation firm to promote its
candidate in three ways: telephone, house calls and letters. The numbers of contacts of each type
in three cities A, B & C are (500, 1000, 5000), (3000, 1000, 10000) and (2000, 1500, 4000),
respectively. The party paid `3700, `7200, and `4300 in cities A, B & C respectively. Find the
costs per contact using matrix method. Keeping in mind the economic condition of the country,
which way of promotion is better in your view?
Q22. (a) A trust fund has `35,000 is to be invested in two different types of bonds. The first bond
pays 8% interest per annum which will be given to orphanage and second bond pays 10%
interest per annum which will be given to an N. G. O. (cancer Aid Society). Using matrix
multiplication, determine how to divide `35,000 among two types of bonds if the trust fund
obtains an annual total interest of `3,200. What are the values reflected in this question?

21 MATHEMATICS (CBSE & COMPETITION)

 RAVINDRA CLASSES (M.9810724071)
(b) A trust fund has `30,000 is to be invested in two different types of bonds. The first bond
pays 5% interest per annum which will be given to orphanage and second bond pays 7% interest
per annum which will be given to an N.G.O. cancer aid society. Using matrix multiplication,
determine how to divide `30,000 among two types of Bonds if the trust fund obtains an annual
total interest of `1800. What are the values reflected in this question?
Q23. A school has to reward the students participating in co-curricular activities (Category I), with
100% attendance (Category II) and brave students (Category III) in a function. The sum of the
numbers of all the three category students is 6. If we multiply the number of students of category
III by 2 and add to the number of students of category I to the result, we get 7. By adding II and
III category students to three times the I category students, we get 12. Form the matrix equation
and, hence solve it as well.
Q24. Two farmers Ramkrishna and Hari Prasad cultivated three varieties of rice namely Basmati,
Permal and Naura. The sale (in Rupees) of these varieties of rice by both the farmers in the
month of September and October are given by the following matrices ‘A’ and ‘B’ :
September Sales (in Rupees) October Sales (in Rupees)
Basmati Permal Naura Basmati Permal Naura
 10000 20000 30000  Ramkrishna  5000 10000 6000  Ramkrishna
A  and B   
 50000 30000 10000  Hari Prasad  20000 10000 10000  Hari Prasad
(i) Find the combined sale in September and October for each farmer in each variety.
(ii) Find the decrease in sales from September to October.
(iii) If both farmers receive 2% profit on gross sales, compute the profit for each farmer and for
each variety sold in October.
(iv) Which farmer gets more profit in the overall sales for both the months?
(v) Which farmer in your opinion is more resourceful and why?
Q25. A total amount of `7000 is deposited in three different savings bank accounts with annual
1
interest rates of 5%, 8% and 8 % respectively.
2
The total annual interest from these three accounts is `550. Equal amounts have been deposited
in 5% and 8% savings accounts. Find the amount deposited in each of the three accounts, with
the help of matrices.
Q26. Three schools A, B and C organized a mela for collecting funds for helping the rehabilitation of
flood victims. They sold hand made fans, mats and plates from recycled material at a cost of
`25, `100 and `50 each. The number of articles sold are given below :

School A B C
Article

Hand fans 40 25 35
Mats 50 40 50
Plates 20 30 40

Find the funds collected by each school separately by selling the above articles. Also find the
total funds collected for the purpose. Write one value generated by the above situation.
Q27. There are 2 families A and B. There are 4 men, 6 women and 2 children in family A, and 2 men,
2 women and 4 children in family B. The recommended daily amount of calories is 2400 for
men, 1900 for women, 1800 for children and 45 grams of protein for men, 55 grams for women
and 33 grams for children.
Represent the above information using matrices. Using matrix multiplication, calculate the total
requirement of calories and proteins for each of the 2 families. What awareness can you create
among people about the balanced diet from this question?

MATHEMATICS (CBSE & COMPETITION) 22

 RAVINDRA CLASSES (M.9810724071)
Q28. To promote the making of toilets for women, an organization tried to generate awareness
through (i) house calls (ii) letters, and (iii) announcements. The cost for each mode per attempt
is given as :
(i) `50 (ii) `20 (iii) `40
The number of attempts made in three villages X, Y and Z are given below :
(i) (ii) (iii)
X 400 300 100
Y 300 250 75
Z 500 400 150
Find the total cost incurred by the organization for the three villages separately, using matrices.
Write one value generated by the organization in the society.
Q29. A trust caring for handicapped children gets `30000 every month from its donors. The trust
spends half of the funds received for medical and educational care of the children and for that it
charges 2% of the spent amount from them, and deposits the balance amount in a private bank
to get the money multiplied so that in future the trust goes on functioning regularly. What
percent of interest should the trust get from the bank to get a total of `1800 every month?
Use matrix method, to find the rate of interest. Do you think people should donate to such trusts?
Q30. To promote the making of toilets for ladies (women) in villages, an N. G. O. hired an
advertising agency for generating awareness for the cause through house calls, letters and
announcements through speakers. The cost per mode of communication is given below :
Cost per visit/communication House calls Letters Announcements (speakers)
(in `) 10 5 15
The number of contacts made were as follows in the three villages X, Y and Z :
Village House visited Letters dropped No. of announcements
X 200 400 200
Y 350 600 300
Z 225 375 150
Find the total expenditure incurred by the N. G. O. for the three villages separately for making
the community aware of the cause using matrices.
Also write the value generated in the general public by the agency.
Q31. Three schools A, B and C want to award their selected students for the values of Honesty,
Regularity and Hard work. Each school decided to award a sum of ` 2500, ` 3100 and ` 5100
per student for the respective values. The number of students to be awarded by the three schools
is given below in the table :

School A B C
Values
Honesty 3 4 6
Regularity 4 5 2
Hard work 6 3 4
Find the total money given in awards by the three schools separately, using matrices.
Apart from the above given values, suggest one more value which should be considered for
giving the award.
2 3  4 6 
Q32. Let A    and B    . Then compute AB. Hence, solve the following system of
1 2  2 4 
equations : 2x  y  4, 3x  2y  1 .

23 MATHEMATICS (CBSE & COMPETITION)

 RAVINDRA CLASSES (M.9810724071)
8 4 3
 
Q33. (a) Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of the matrix A   2 1 1  and use it
1 2 2
 
to solve the following system of linear equations :
8x  4y  3z  19 , 2x  y  z  5 , x  2y  2z  7 .
 3 3 4 
 
(b) Using elementary row operations, find the inverse of the A   2 3 4  and hence solve
 0 1 1 
 
the following system of equations : 3x  3y  4z  21, 2x  3y  4z  20,  y  z  5 .
Q34. The monthly incomes of Aryan and Babban are in the ratio 3 : 4 and their monthly expenditures
are in the ratio 5 : 7. If each saves `15,000 per month, find their monthly incomes using matrix
method. This problem reflects which value?
Q35. A coaching institute of English (subject) conducts classes in two batches I and II and fees for
rich and poor children are different. In batch I, it has 20 poor and 5 rich children and total
monthly collection is ` 9000, whereas in batch II, it has 5 poor and 25 rich children and total
monthly collection is ` 26,000. Using matrix method, find monthly fees paid by each child of
two types. What values the coaching institute is inculcating in the society?
Q36. Ishan wants to donate a rectangular plot of land for a school in his village. When he was asked
to give dimensions of the plot, he told that if its length is decreased by 50 m and breadth is
increased by 50 m, then its area will remain same, but if length is decreased by 10 m and breadth
is decreased by 20 m, then its area will decrease by 5300 m2. Using matrices, find the
dimensions of the plot. Also give reason why he wants to donate the plot for a school.
Q37. A typist charges ` 145 for typing 10 English and 3 Hindi pages, while charges for typing 3
English and 10 Hindi pages are ` 180. Using matrices, find the charges of typing one English
and one Hindi page separately. However typist charged only ` 2 per page from a poor student
Shyam for 5 Hindi pages. How much less was charged from this poor boy? Which values are
reflected in this problem?
Q38. A trust invested some money in two type of bonds. First bond pays 10% interest and second
bond pays 12% interest. The trust received ` 2800 as interest.
However, if trust had interchanged money in bonds, they would have got ` 100 less as interest.
Using matrix method, find the amount invested by the trust. Interest received on this amount
will be given to Helpage India as donation. Which value is reflected in this question?

MATHEMATICS (CBSE & COMPETITION) 24

 RAVINDRA CLASSES (M.9810724071)
TEST For SELF EVALUATION 
Time Allowed : 60 Minutes Max. Marks : 40
2
(3i  j)
Q01. Construct an order 2 matrix A  [a ij ] where a ij  .
2
a 
b 
c 
Q02. Evaluate:  a b      a b c d    . [1 2
d  c 
 
d 
x 1 x  2 x  a
Q03. If a, b, c are in arithmetic progression, prove that x  2 x  4 x  b  0 .
x 3 x 6 x c
3x  8 3 3
OR Solve: 3 3x  8 3 0.
3 3 3x  8
x x 2 1  px 3
Q04. Prove that: y y 2 1  py3  (1  pxyz)(x  y)(y  z)(z  x) .
z z 2 1  pz 3
 4 2 1
Q05. Express the matrix A   3 5 7  as the sum of symmetric and a skew-symmetric matrix.
 1 2 1 
3 1
Q06. Find the value of p and q such that A 2  pI  qA where A   .
7 5 
 1 2   3 2 
Q07. Determine a matrix X such that 2A  B  X  0 , where A    and B    . [4  5
 3 4 1 5 
 2 1 1
Q08. Find the value of x, x  Z such that  x 4 1  1 0 0   x 4 1  O .
 2 2 4 
1  2n 4n  3 4 
OR Using induction, prove that A n    , n  N if A   .
 n 1  2n  1 1
0 1 1
–1   A 2  3I
Q09. Find A , if A   1 0 1  . Also show that A 1  .
1 1 0 2
 
bc b 2  bc c 2  bc
Q10. Using properties of determinants, prove that: a 2  ac ac c 2  ac  (ab  bc  ca)3 .
a 2  ab b 2  ab ab
2 3 10 4 6 5 6 9 20
OR Solve:    4,    1,     2. [6  3
a b c a b c a b c

25 MATHEMATICS (CBSE & COMPETITION)

 RAVINDRA CLASSES (M.9810724071)
 ANSWERS
 2 1/2 
Q01.  25/2 8  Q02.  ac  bd  a 2  b 2  c 2  d 2 
 
 4 5/2 0   0 1/2 1 
2 11 5/2 5 5/2   1/2
Q03. , Q05. 0 9/2 
3 3    
 0 5/2 1   1 9/2 0 
 1 2 
Q06. pq8 Q07. X 
 7 13 
 1 1 0 
1 
Q08. x  4 Q09.  1 1 1  Q10. a  2, b  3, c  5 .
2 
 0 1 1

MATHEMATICS (CBSE & COMPETITION) 26

 RAVINDRA CLASSES (M.9810724071)
ANSWERS
BASED ON ALGEBRA Of MATRICES
(VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
8 7 
Q01. (a)   Q01. (b) 18  Q02. (a) 10 Q02. (b) 1/2 Q02. (c) 1/2 Q02. (d) e 2x sin 2x
 6 2
Q03. (a) 26 Q03. (b) 29 Q03. (c) 81 Q04. 3 Q05. 112, 2  6,3  4, 4  3, 6  2,12 1
 1 0 
Q06. a  2, b  3 Q07. (a) 5  2 Q07. (b) 3  4 Q08.  
 0 1
1 
3 1
 0 1/3 1/2
1/3  
0 1/5 0 2 0 5 8 

Q09. (a)
1/2 1/5 0 
Q09. (b)
 3
Q09. (c)   Q10. (a) x  5, 3
0 0 7 
   
3/5 1/3 1/7  1 1
 3 3 
Q10. (b) x  2, y  1 Q10. (c) 2 Q10. (d) 1 Q10. (e) 4 3
 2 13 
1  7 12  1  6 6   2/5 12/5 5 5
Q11. (a) A    ,B    Q11. (b) X    ,Y   
5  7 5  5  6 0  11/5 3  14 2
 5 
 10 
 2  3 
 
 14  
Q12. diag 11 9 2  Q13. X  4 Q14.   2n, n  Z Q15.   2n  , n  Z
 3  3
 
  31  7 
 3 3 
Q17. I Q18. 0 Q19. (a) I Q19. (b) A Q21. (a) a = 1, b = 2
 8 3 5  1 2 8  2 3 
Q21. (b)   Q21. (c) 0 Q21. (d)   Q21. (e)  
 2 3 6 1 2 3  2 10
Q22. (a) x  2, y  9 Q22. (b) x  4, 3; y  3, 4 Q22. (c) x  2,3; y  3 Q22. (d) x  1, 2; y  3  3 2
Q22. (e) x  1, y  2, z  3, a  4 Q22. (f) x  1, y  2
Q22. (g) a  2, b  7, c  1, x  3, y  5, z  2 Q22. (h) x  1, y  4
Q22. (i) w  3, x  2, y  4, z  1 Q22. (j) x  0 Q23. 1/5
1 1 1
Q24. x   ,y   ,z   Q25. 1 1 Q30. Skew-symmetric
2 6 3
 3 6
Q31. (a) p  0, q  3 Q31. (b) a  2/3, b  3/2 Q31. (c)  
6 9
Q32. Z1 does not exist. Q33. I Q34. O Q35. (a) 10
Q35. (b) k  4, a  3 Q35. (c) 11
 4 6   1 2  2 4   2 0 1 0 0 0
Q36.      Q37.   Q38. A    , B 
 3 3   0 3  1 1   3 2 0 0 0 1 

27 MATHEMATICS (CBSE & COMPETITION)

 RAVINDRA CLASSES (M.9810724071)
(SHORT & LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
9  1  10 
 1 2  1 2 5  2 3/2  0 5/2 
Q02. (b) 12  , 8  ,  20  Q03.   Q04.  Q06.  
 2 0  3 4 0  3/2 5  5/2 0 
30   2   28 
0 0 0  0 a b  3 3 5 2  0 1 1 2 
  
Q07.  0 0 0  ,  a 0 c   
Q09. (a)  3 5 7 2  1   0 1 2
  
 0 0 0    b c 0  5 2 7 2 5   1 2 1 2 0 
 3 5 0  0 1 0   2 11/2 5/2   0 3/2 7/2 
 
Q09. (b)  5 5 1 2    1  0 15 2  Q09. (c) 11/2 3 3/2    3/2 0 7/2 
   
 0 1 2 1   0 15 2 0   5/2 3/2 4   7/2 7/2 0 
 1 1 3 
1
Q10. 12 I Q11.  1 1 10 Q13. (a) k  1 Q13. (b) k 
19
 5 4 4 
 2/5 1/5 0 
118 93   10 27 
Q14. (a)   Q14. (b)   Q15. 6 I Q17. (a)  1/10 3/10 0 
 31 118  9 10   0 0 1/5
 3 1 1   3 2 2   3 4 5 
1  1  1
Q17. (b)  1 3 1  Q17. (c) 2 3 2 Q18. 9 1 4 
4 5   11  
 1 1 3   2 2 3   5  3  1 
    
1 2 3  1 2 1 1  5 1
Q19. (a)   Q19. (b)   Q20. (a) x  y  8 ; A 1  
7  1 5 3 1 2 8  7 3 
1 2 
 1 2  5 5 
Q20. (b) 4, 3 Q21. a  4, b  1 ; A 1    Q27. (a)  
 1 3  2 
1
 5 5 
 7 10  1 3 1
Q27. (b)   Q27. (c)  Q27. (d) Inverse does not exist
 2 3  5  2 1
1/2 1/2 1/2   2 0 1  2 0 3
1
Q27. (e)  4 3 1  Q27. (f) 9 2 3  Q27. (g) 1 1 0
    5 
5/2 3/2 1/2   6 1 2   2 1 2 
 3 2 6  2 1 1   1 2 3
Q27. (h)  1 1 2  Q27. (i) 11/4


1/2 3/4 Q27. (j)  2 4 7
 
 2 2 5   1 0 0   3 5 9 
 1 1 3   3 1 1 
 
Q27. (k)  2 1 3  Q27. (l)  15 6 5

 4 2 7   5 2 2 
 
Q30. a  2, b  1

MATHEMATICS (CBSE & COMPETITION) 28

 RAVINDRA CLASSES (M.9810724071)
School
Q31. The given information is expressed in matrix: A B
Appeared   25 35 
Got through exam   20 20 
Secured full marks  15 10 
 56 112 
Q32. 7A    . It represents the number of table fans and ceiling fans that the manufacturing
 224 336 
 1 1 3   1 1 3
   
units x and y produce in 7 days. Q33.  1 3 10  ,  1 3 10 
 5 4
 2   5 4 2 

BASED ON ALGEBRA Of DETERMINANTS

(VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
Q01. (a) a 2  b 2  c 2  d 2 Q01. (b) 0 Q01. (c) 1 Q01. (d) p q r Q01. (e) 1 Q01. (f) 1/2
2
Q02. (3)1/3 Q03. (a)  Q03. (b) 2 Q03. (c) 6 Q04. π/6, π/2 Q05. 0
3
Q06. a13M13  a 23 M 23  a 33M 33 Q07. (a) 40 Q07. (b) 5 Q07. (c) 25 Q07. (d) 8 Q07. (e) 1/10
9 2
Q07. (f) 25 Q07. (g) k 3 A Q07. (h)  Q07. (i) A Q07. (j) 27 Q07. (k) 25 Q07. (l) 162
2
Q08. (a) 3 Q08. (b) 17 Q08. (c) 2 Q08. (d) π/3 Q08. (e) 2π/3
1
x 0 0
1 2 3   1 
Q10.   Q11.  0 y 0 Q12. 2 Q13. (a) 2x  y  0
19  5 2 
 0 0 z 
 1

Q13. (c) x  12, 2 Q14. 0 Q15. 14 I3 Q16. (a) 0
Q16. (b) 0 Q16. (c) 0 Q16. (d) 0 Q16. (e) 0 Q16. (f) 0
Q16. (g) 0 Q16. (h) 0 Q16. (i) 0 Q16. (j) 0
Q17. (a) (a  b)(b  c)(c  a) Q17. (b) (x  y)(y  z)(z  x) Q17. (c) 2(x 3  y3 )
Q17. (d) x 2 (x  a  b  c) Q17. (e) 4xyz Q17. (f) 0 Q17. (g) 0 Q17. (h) 1
Q17. (i) xy Q17. (j) 0

(SHORT & LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS – TYPE A)

2 0 
 191 110  1 1  1  4 1 
Q01. (a)  3 Q01. (b)  Q02.   Q04. 
0    77 44 
1 0 5  0 5
 2
 7 3 3  3 6 6 
   
Q05. (b) 1 1 0 Q05. (c)  6 3 6  Q07. Option (b) OR 2(1  sin 2 )
 
 1 0 1   6 6 3 
 
 9 8 2   5 
 3 2
 2 1  4 2
Q08.  8 7 2

Q09. (a)   Q09. (b)   Q09. (c)  
 5 4 1  1 1  1 1   2 0
 3 

29 MATHEMATICS (CBSE & COMPETITION)

 RAVINDRA CLASSES (M.9810724071)
 2 0 1  cos  sin  0 
 6 2  24 13     
Q09. (d)   Q09. (e)   Q10.  5 1 0  Q11.   sin  cos  0 
11/2 2   34 18 0 1 3   0 0 1 
  

(SHORT & LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS – TYPE B)

Q01. –2 Q08. (b) 0 Q11. a/3 Q12. 0,3a Q21. 1
Q22. 0 Q23. x  3, y  4 Q24. ax(3x  2a) Q27. 7/3
1
Q28. (x  y  z) (x  y) 2  (y  z)2  (z  x)2 
4

BASED ON APPLICATION Of MATRICES & DETERMINANTS

Q01.a) x  21/5, y  1/5 b) x  2, y  1, z  1 c) x  2, y  1, z  3
d) x  1, y  2, z  3 e) x  2, y  3, z  5 f) x  1, y  2, z  5
g) x  y  z  1 h) x  2  k, y  k, z  k
 3 22 7   8 2 2 
1   96 40 24 1 
Q02. A 1

5 16 9 ; x  , y  , z 

Q03. A   7 0 7  ; x  2, y  1, z  0
1

62 31 31 31 14
 11 2 5   2 4 4 
Q04. (a) ` 5, ` 8, ` 8 Q04. (b) x  y  z  6, y  3z  11, x  2y  z  0; x  1, y  2, z  3
 0 1 2 
Q05. A   2 9 23 ; x  1, y  2, z  3
1

 1 5 13
 1 1 2   2 0 1  1 0 0 
Q06. AB  4I; x  1, y  2, z  1 Q07.  0 2 3  9 2 3   0 1 0  ; x  0, y  5, z  3
 3 2 4   6 1 2  0 0 1 
Q08. 8 I; x  3, y  2, z  1 Q09. 9 I; x  3, y  2, z  1
 14 14 7   1 2 1
1  1 
Q10. A    5 13 7  ; x  2, y  1, z  1 Q11. A    8 6 9  ; x  1, y  2, z  3
1  1

63 17
 13 4 7   10 1 7 
5 7 5  3k 7  16k k 3
Q12. x  , y  1, z   Q13. (a) x  , yk (b) x  ,y  ,z  k
2 2 2 11 11
5 4 1
(c) x  , y  k  , z  k (d) x  k  2, y  8  2k, z  k (e) x   k, y  k, z  0
3 3 2
17  5k 11k  1 k 2k
(f) x  ,y  ,z  k (g) x  , y  ,z  k (h) x  0, y  0, z  0
7 7 3 3
Q14. Cost of wheat: `5, Cost of onion: `8, Cost of rice: `8. City B spends more on onions.
Reasons for price rise : Less production, Black-marketing, Hoarding etc.
Measures to be taken : More production should be encouraged, black-marketers should be punished
under the law etc.
Q15. `300, `400, `500 For Tolerance, Kindness and Leadership respectively. The school must include
the value of Obedience for the awards.
Q16. `880, `970, `500.
Necessity of saving: Saving is necessary for each family as in case of emergency our saving in good
time helps us to survive in bad time.

MATHEMATICS (CBSE & COMPETITION) 30

 RAVINDRA CLASSES (M.9810724071)
Q17. (i) 5x  4y  3z  11000, 4x  3y  5z  10700, x  y  z  2700 (ii) –3 (iii) We prefer to reward
most the value of honesty as it is of highest value in the character development.
Q18. `100, `200, `300. Value of Obedience may also be considered for the awards.
Q19. Let x and y be the initial investments by Mr. Nakul Saini in bond A and bond B respectively.
 2 3   x   80000 
(i)       (ii) x = `10000, y = `20000.
 8 11  y  300000 
Q20. (i) x + y + z = 70, 2x + 3y + 4z = 210, 5y + 4z = 230
(ii) x = 20, y = 30, z = 20 (iii) Exercise keeps fit and healthy to a person.
Q21. (a) `9900) in the City X and, `21200 in the City Y
Q21. (b) Cost per Contact: Telephone = `0.40, House calls = `1.00, Letters = `0.50. Telephone is better
as it is cheap.
Q22. (a) Investment in 1st bond is ` 15000. And in 2nd bond, it’s ` 20000. Values reflected in the
question: (i) Charity (ii) Helping orphans or poor people (iii) Awareness about diseases.
Q22. (b) `15000 each type of bond.
Q23. x + y + z = 6, x + 2z = 7, 3x + y + z = 12 where x, y, z represent the number of students in
categories I, II, III respectively. Also x = 3, y = 1, z = 2. Participating in co-curricular activities is very
important. It is very essential for all round development.
Q24. (i) Combined sale in September and October for each farmer in each variety is
Basmati Permal Naura
 15000 30000 36000  Ramkrishna
A+B   
 70000 40000 20000  Hari Prasad
(ii) Decrease in sales from September to October is
Basmati Permal Naura
 5000 10000 24000  Ramkrishna
AB
 30000 20000 0  Hari Prasad
(iii) Profit for each farmer and for each variety sold in October is 2% of B  0.02  B
Basmati Permal Naura
 100 200 120  Ramkrishna

 400 200 200  Hari Prasad
Hence in October Ramkrishna receives 100, 200 & 120 (in `) as profit in the sale of each variety of rice
respectively. Also Hari Prasad receives profit of 400, 200 & 200 (in `) in the sale of each variety of rice,
respectively.
(iv) Hari Prasad gets more profit on sales of both varieties of rice for both the months.
(v) Hari Prasad is more resourceful as he makes more profit in same two months of time.
Q25. Amounts deposited : 1125, 1125, 4750 (in `) Q26. `7000, `6125, `7875; `21000
Q27. 24600 calories and 576 grams of proteins are needed for Family A and 15800 calories and 332
grams of proteins are needed for Family B.
Q28. Cost incurred by organization for villages X, Y & Z respectively are 30000, 23000 & 39000 (in `)
Q29. 10% Q30. `7000, `11000, `6375 Q31. `50500, `40800, `41600
0 2/3 1/3 
1  
Q32. AB  2 I; x  7, y  10 Q33. (a) A   1 13/3 2/3  , x  1, y  2, z  1 .
 1 4 0 

 1 1 0 
Q33. (b) A   2 3 4  , x  1, y  2, z  3 .
1

 2 3 3 
 
Q34. `90,000 and `1,20,000. Q35. ` 200, ` 1000.
31 MATHEMATICS (CBSE & COMPETITION)
 RAVINDRA CLASSES (M.9810724071)
Q36. Length  200 m & breadth  150 m.
Q37. One English page : ` 10 and one Hindi page : ` 15 and, Charged from this poor boy : ` 65 less.
Q38. ` 25000.

MATHEMATICS (CBSE & COMPETITION) 32