I ~

Reader at ·Work II
Revised Edition

MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIV.ERSITY ·

 '•.

..
,• '

1. HALLEY'S COMET 5. THEAUSTRALIAN ABORIGINES

A. 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.T I. More than I Over 40,000 years ago.
B. 2. Many (of them) died fighting to protect their
1. Every 76 years . land.
2. (It is made up of a cloud of ) gases and dust. 3. In cities and towns.
4. A huge rock (of great importance to the
2. HIGH-RISE Aborigines) in the centre of Australia.
A.
1. (all) tall I high-rise buildings 6.AQUIFERS
2. (the 16,700) people working inside (the A. .
building I the Sear~ Tower in Chicago) l. water seeps into the. ground
3. lack of space 2. some precipitation that collects under the
4. Children from high buildings I who live in earth's surface
high-rise buildings (in Denmark) 3. remove the dirty and harmful substances I
5. (the height of) 4 storeys clean ·
B. l.d 2.c 3.b 4.a 4. supply ·
5. using (something) carefully
3. ATOMS (1) B. I. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T
A.· 6. F 7. F 8. F 9. F
1. inert gas c.
2. the basic building blocks of all matter I. Any two of the following: lakes, streams,
3. tiny piece of matter with a negative electric rivers.
charge 2. It is pumped out.
4. has no electric charge 3. It is closed or drilled deeper.
B. .
1. occur naturally
2. (The formulation of) the atomic theory 7. EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS
3. scientists A. ·1.b 2.c 3.a 4. c 5.c 6.b 7.a
4. kinds of particles B. 1. F 2. F 3. T
C. I. T 2. F 3. F c.
D. 1. Any two of the following: Overcrowding, lack
1. They I Gold and diamonds exist uncombined. · of discipline, importance given to art and
2. The structure of the atom (itself). ·drama, neglected practical subjects.
E. their chemical properties 2. Any two of the following :
Smaller classes.
4. MUSIC OR NOISE? Stricter discipline.. .
A. Parents feel that private schools I they are the
1. loudness only place for a good education.
2. very small
3. a pattern of frequencies which is pleasant to 8. SCHOOL FOR. CHANGE
hear A.
4. the sequence of sounds 1. the I Atlantic College
B. 2. community services
1. frequencies between 40 Hz and 16,000 Hz 3. (the) students
2. (the) vibrating object 4. people I nations I students I cultures
3. sounds B.
4. vibrations (of frequencies other than 440Hz) 1. (Because) you get the opportunity to discover
C. 1. F 2. T 3. F yourself (and it gives you the best friends yot:
D. could ever wish for)
1. Molecules in the air. 2. To promote I He wanted to promote peace an,
2. Sounds that are unpleasant to hear I Unpleasant international understanding through educatio
sounds. 3. The International Baccalaureate diploma.
3. It vibrates at more than one frequency I It 4. The.y become intellectual adults (while
produces harmonics. studying their own subjects)
 ..,

5. Any two of the following: b) decides with the customer on a (suitable)

Courses for physically and mentally delivery date (and time).
handicapped people. c) passes the order (directly) to the warehouse
Teac~ing English (to Bangladeshi youngsters). (through the computer).
Runnmg a Youth Training Scheme course (for
local teenagers). · · · 12. WORK MATTERS
Sea rescue I coordinated beach and inshore
rescue. A.
Running the college's I a 50-acre farm. 1. eight pints of water (per flight)
6. (T~e. personal qualities of) toleran~e and (a) 2. social life ..
w11lmgness to mix with others. B. 1. a 2. b 3. c 4. b 5. d 6. b
C. 1. F 2. T
9. THE OLYMPIC GAMES
1. Satellites. 13. Lt\. YING INSOMNIA TO REST
2. (A) bronze, silver or gold (medal). A. 1. b 2. a 3. c 4. b ...
3. (A) sprint. B. L F 2. F 3. F 4. T
4. An olive wreath. ..· c.
5. (A Frenchman) Baron Pierre.
de Coubertin. 1. a) (Your) heartbeat· slows down.
b) (Your) muscles relax;
6. (In) Athens. ·
7. In major cities: · 2. a) pyschological problems
8. In 1980. b) bad habits
9. Many countries in the West (including Britain
and the United States). 14. ACUPUNCTURE
10. (Beca:use) they felt that there wasn't enough A.
secunty. 1. the three main systems in the body .
2. the other I the second basic movement of energy
10. TRAVEL AND TOURISM 3. the inward movement ·
A. · . . 4. the theory behind Chinese Acupuncture
1. $ 2 trillion 5. outward moving energy ·
2. personal travel 6. meridians /channels
3. travellers . 7. thC: earliest acupuncture needles I
4. the Caribbean stone needles I needles made of stone.
B. 1. C ·· 2. b 8. at various depths in the skin
C. 1. T . 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 9. different periods of time
D. 10. the use of acupuncture in medical operations
1. It transformed their economies. B. 1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F 6. F 7. F
2.a) (They have) chartered (500-seat) jumbo jets 8. F 9. T 10. F 11. T 12. T 13. T
b) booked hotels and apanments (in Florida ·C.
· and the Caribbean). 1. a) If the balance between the two energy
3. They provide (direct or indirect) jobs/ movements is disturbed.
employment. b) When a meridian I an energy channel is
blocked.
11. HARRODS: A DIFFERENT WORLD 2. a) To cure diseases I To unblock energy
A. channels. ·
1. shirts b) To relieve pain /. In medical operations.
2. the (new) warehouse 3. 26. ,. ·.. . .
B. 1. b 2. b · 4. 4,500 years ago. · ·
c. 5. Over 800.
1. To stock a wide and exciting range of
merchandise I goods (in every department). 15. MAISIE'S AMAZING MENAGERIE
2. Its staff rises to 6000 (from 4000). A. l.a 2.b
3. To handle the enormous / wide range of goods B. 1. T . 2. F 3. F
I stock I products . . c.
4. a) the assistant checks the availability of the 1.In (the centre of) Glasgow. ·
product I its availability (on a computer 2.They don't fight. I They are not int~rested in
screen). fighting.

2
 .•.
;., ,

3. A tiger. . . 20. LIFE IN SPACE

4. A dog. I One of her dogs .. A. (the) Earth and (the) Moon
5. (Because) she has a broken hip. B. 1.b 2.c. 3.a 4.b 5.d 6.c 7. d
C. l. F 2. T 3. F 4. T
16. MARGARET MEE
A. . 21. SPACE TOURISM
1. Margaret Mee A.
2. plant specimens 1. space planes
3. (folio) book (of her paintings) 2. (a) hotel
B. 1. F 2. F 3. F B. 1. b 2. d
c. C. 1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F
1. (Because) it flowers for only one night a year.
2. To grow them in her home (until they 22. ADVERTISING
produced flowers to paint) to paint their A.
flowers. 1. sales
3. They were being destroyed. 2. product advertising
B. 1. c 2. b 3. b 4. c 5. d 6. b 7. b
17. TURN DESPAIR INTO HOPE
A. 23. WINDS
1. rich I not poor A.
2. force (something) upon people . 1. hot air
3. not to question its availability I not to have 2. tornadoes
doubts about its existence B. 1. b 2. b 3. a 4. c 5. b 6. d 7. b 8. a
B. 1. T ·2. T 3. F 4. T
c. 24. DYNAMITE
1. They are helping to equip and run a mobile A.
clinic. · 1. (the) holes
2. Agricultural and income generating skills. 2. (the) engineers
3. By sponsoring a child. 3. (The I a) cement block (weighing 11,000 tons)
6. Through letters, photographs and regular B.
(progress) reports. I . causing an explosion
2. places where stone for building purposes is
18. EARTHQUAKES taken from the ground.
A. 3. (great) accuracy
1. rocks C.b
2. most earthquakes occur I half a million people D. 1. T 2. NI 3. F 4. T. 5. F 6. F 7: F
have died because of earthquakes {and much E.
valuable property has been severely damaged 1. (Because) it has become tlie most efficiently
or destroyed) controlled source of releasable energy
(Either one.) (available). I It can be controlled (efficiently)
3. (are instruments which) discover, record and 2. The sqlid particles inside the stick are
measure immediately transformed into hot expanding
4. travel along the earth's surface I usually have gases (which force and powerfully push asidi
the strongest vibrations . rocks, steel or anything nearby).
(Either one.) 3. To provide water for the power sta~ion.
B. 1. T 2. F
C. 1. d 2. c 3. a 4. b 5. c 25. A LAND OF IMMIGRANTS
A.
19. VITAMINS I. exodus I the departure of hundreds of
A. thousands
I. the men I sailors 2. pressing
2. vitamins . 3.collapse
B. 1. b 2. d 3. c 4. c 5. b 4. scarce
C. 1. T 2. F 3. F _4. T . 5. extraction
· B. I. c 2. c 3. a 4. b 5. d

3
 ,4-,

c. 4. at the top of the tree

1. a) Physical hunger./ The deaths of one million B. 1. a 2. a 3. b 4. b 5. a 6. b 7. a
Irish people. I One million Irish people died. C. 1. T 2. F
b) The emigration of a further million (who D.
wished to escape starvation). I. wounds, heat and exposure of the plant to toxic
2. To work in factories I Factories were calling chemicals. ··
out for workers.
2. transport the food I
(Men were needed) to build the long railroads. enable the food transport system to flow.
(Settlers were needed) to populate new towns.
(Settlers were needed) to develop commerce. 29. U.S. PUBLIC SCHOOLS
[Any two.]
A.
3. (To be used) as a source of cheap labour (for l. in the public schools
the tobacco plantations in the South). . 2. these parents
B. 1. b 2. .b. 3. c 4. c
26. TERESINA C. 1. F 2. F°
A.
D.
1. the Garden of the South 1. concerned
2. the parks and squares I 2. conservatives
the city's open public places E.
B. l. c 2. b 3. a 4. c 5. a 6. d l. too large classes I too many students
C. 1. F 2. F
teachers who don't know enough about the
27. THE WHALE subjects they are teaching
A. 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. T students who don't want to learn behave badly
6. F 7. F 8. F 9. T 10 F and disturb classes (Any two.).
B. 2. they watch a lot of TV
vertical horizontal they grow to depend on TV
gills they cannot see any reason for reading
lungs ...
c.
30. UNTITLED
Mammals A. companies
I B.
Catecea 1. forms of money used in different countries
I 2. periodic payments of the earnings of a
Whales company
C. 1. F 2. F 3. T
toothed (whales)
Atoothless I baleen D. I. b 2. c 3. d 4. c
(whales) 31. DISASTER AT SEA
I I A.
(the) dolphin (the) grey (whale) 1. (The) Coast Guard
(the) porpoise (the) humpback (whale) 2. ten years ago
(the) killer (whale) (the) blue (whale) 3. this safer kind of boat
(the) sperm (whale) the right whale (the I a) new kind of lifeboat (that did not tum
D. o~rj .
skin: hairless, smooth, shiny (Any two.) 4. the men on tlie lifeboat
eyes: (very) small B.
vision: (very) good 1. rough
hearing: exceilent 2. survive
C. 1. T 2. F · · 3. T 4. F 5. F 6. T
28. DISTRIBUTION OF NUTRIENTS IN
PLANTS 32. HOW TO USE THE READER'S GUIDE
A. A.
I. (the) energy from the sunlight 1. current
2. water and minerals (from the soil) 2. initial
3. capillaries B. I. c 2. d
C. 1. F 2. T 3. F
. : .

4
 . ..
,
'

D. 2. the venom I the poison produced by an insect

1. periodicals the venom, i.e. the poison produced by an
2. the subject I author's name insect.
3. 'see' I 'see also' 3. the third injection
4. people
33. PALEOGEOGRAPHY B. 1. b 2. d 3. a 4. c 5. d 6. b
A. C. 1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F 7. F
1. iii 2. i 3. ii 4. vi
B. 37. ANTISEPTICS
1. to make maps of the lands and seas that existed A.
during past ages 1. (the) bacteria · ·
2. kinds of shelled sea animals 2. (the) bacteria
3.experts B. l.b 2.c 3.b 4.d
4. a glacier C. 1. T 2.F 3.T 4.T
5. the changing of the earth's surface D.
c. 1. moisture
1. the process of reconstructing ancient 2. a (fairly) warm atmosphere
geography E.
2. the salt content manufactured anticeptics
3. not deep alcohol iodoform iodine · formalin
4. anything left behind from melting icebergs
5. the scattered remains of broken particles 38. HOW TO BE A HAPPIER MOTHER
(ranging from huge rocks to silt and clay) A
D. 1. loving care
I. a) The types of fossils preserved in rocks. 2. doctors
b) The properties of the rocks themselves. 3. (a/the) depressed mother
2. Climate, the temperature, the salinity of the 4. her/the child
water, and the downhilll direction of slopes on 5. (a) husband with common sense
the earth's surface. 6. (an/the/that/any) arrangement
3. Skeletons, shells, leaf impressions, footprints 7; {a) completely free day and evening
and dinosaur eggs. B.
4. A solid mass of ice (which moves slowly). (She can) visit friends/ go to a museum I spend all
5. That the rocks found in much of Europe had morning buying a pair of shoes. (Any two.)
been spread by large glaciers. C. l.b 2.c 3. b 4.d 5. b 6. b
6. The appearance of the earth's continents has
been constantly changing over the centuries 39. TELESCOPE SITES
(and it is still going on today). A. 1. a 2. d 3. d
7. Earthquakes and the formation of new B. 1. F 2. F
volcanoes.
40. FOOD FOR THE STARVING
34. A CASE FOR SAFETY A. 1. a 2. b 3. c 4. b 5. a 6. c 7. b 8. b
A. 1. d 2. b 3. c 4. a 5. a B. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F
B. 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. T
41. KEYS TO QUICKER LEARNING
35. CHANGES IN WORLD CLIMATE A. l.d 2.a 3.b 4.c 5.d
A. 6.a 7.b 8.a 9.c
1. (the) weathermen B. 1. T 2. T 3. T
2. a warmer climate
3. the (average) sea-level 42. THE DISCOVERY OF THE ELECTRON
B. 1. c 2. a 3. a 4. d 5. d 6. a 7. d A. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T
B. 1. a 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. b
36. VENOM THERAPY
A. 43. INFLATION
1. (a/the) (reliable) immunization treatment A.
1. workers in other industries
2. (the) general effects of inflation ·

5
3. (the) consumer 2. Milk and hard cheeses
B. 1. a 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. b 6. c 3. by a deficiency of iron in one's diet and,
C. therefore, in one's blood
The workers in the car industry get a wage increase. 4.
J. · a) getting tired easily
... increased ... b) having skin which looks rather white
J,
46. A MISUNDERSTANDING
... cars ... A. 1. a 2. c . 3. c 4. b 5. d
J. · B.
... maintain the same standard ofliving (as before) l. She was expecting a visit from the (Eastern)
J. Electricity Board . .
2. At ho.me (, waiting) .
... rise I increase ...
3. It had been used I It was no longer new.
J. 4. She was given another cooker I a reconditioned
... higher wages ... I good as new cooker.
5. £380.
44. FRESHWATER
A. 47. DOWNTOWN FIRE SURVIVOR
1. sewage treatment plants A.
2. sea water I. the new ladders on the fire engines being able
3. to reduce the percen_tage of salt in sea water to to I could reach the 20th floor
an acceptable level (before using it) 2. throw herself out of the window
B. 3. Angela
1. fresh (drinkable). B.
2. loss of liquids necessary for life. 1. An electrical fault in an air-conditioner.
c. ·. 2. The smoke was too thick.
1. Streams, rivers, lakes, sewage, sea water, air. 3. (Because) there was a helicopter landing-pad
2. To prevent the constant contamination of there. ·
streams, rivers and lakes. 4. When she (opened the window and) struggled
3. Be.~a,use it contains a high proportion of out onto a ledge. /_When she saw _that the fire
minerals, especially salt (, more than 2% of had passed through her floor.
which is dangerous for the human body). 5. More than 7 hours.
4. Less than 2%. 6. (Because) she (probably) had lost
5. Distillation, freezing and reverse osmosis. consciousness.

45. MINERALS 48. WAS ITSOMETIDNG ,T HEY ATE?

A. A. 1. a· 2. c
1. B. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F
a) It should be a crystalline solid. c.
b) It should occur naturally. 1. World Health Organisation (WHO):
2. Calcium, phosphorus and iron. 2. Smoking and diet.
3. . 3. 150.
a) His bones and teeth will be weak and soft. 4. That the Italians used the fat on meat to make
· b) His muscles, nerves and heart won't work soap l didn't eat the fat on meat.
· properly. 5. His cholesterol levels (almost) halved.
4. In the teeth and bones. 6. Low-fat milk and vegetables.
7. Middle-aged men.
5. ATP (High energy compounds containing
phosphorus) · 49. TOWARDS A WORKING
6. RENAISSANCE
a) More than 400-500 mg/day. A.
b) 400-500 mg/day. .. 1. a pre-industrial society
B. 2.ourjobs
1. it carries oxygen in blood and makes blood 3. (both) young and old people
look red B. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T

6
 ~ - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
' .., .·

c. 1. c 2. c 3. d 4. b 5. c 4. She has written a book called Living With

Epilepsy.
50. CRIMES 5. They ran screaming from her.
A. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F 6. T . 7. F 6. Her parents' attitude I encouragement I support.
B. Her parents didn't limit her activities. On the ·
1. jaywalking contrary, she was encouraged to make an extra
2. offence effort to overcome her difficulties. This
3. innocent · , helped her.
4. penalty 7. They _m ake the children (feel) embarrassed.
5. inmates Her fits are an embarrassment to them.
6. entitled 8. Changing the children on the bed (where they
c. might fall if she had a fit) and bathing them if
1. Denmark has a more lenient approach to crime she were alone in the house with them.
and punishment. 9. Something soft should be placed between their
2. 4 weeks. teeth.
3. Shopping I buying clothes I visiting the doctor I0. 3-4 minutes.
I going for a walk with their visitors I
education. (Any two.) 53. DOUBLE GLAZING
A. I. 3 2. 6 3. 5 4. 1 5. 2, 3, 4 6. 7
51. AN OBSESSION WITH REPTILES B.
A. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. F 8. F I. benefit
B. 2. the existing window
1. basking 3. opening I being able to open windows
2. remote C. 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. F . 6. T
3. dash D.
4. python 1.
5. tussle a) adds to the comfort
6. benign · b) (very) well designed
c. c) looks quite good .
I. He is a teacher (at Dorton House School for 2. It is expensive. I You'll have to spend a lo't of
the Blind). money. . .
2. At Beaver Water World, (Tatsfield). · 3. Secondary windows can be installed by the
3. Live and Let Die, Moonraker, Clash of the owner. I R.W. have two sheets of single glass
Titans. whereas S.W. are fixed to another window . .
4. So that condensation will not occur. I So that .
52. BEYOND DRUGS no air gets in or out. I So that it insulates well.
A. · . 5.
1. Sue's (epileptic) fit I the situation a) There is a wider gap. I The gap between the
-2. knowing what to do during a fit /-Sue's glasses should be wider (which is not good for
explanation on what people should do if she heat insulation) ·
has a fit b) It doesn't look nice .
. 3. their feelings .. c) Difficult to fit into the existing windows.
4. life
B. 54. PARACHUTING
· l. indignity A.
· 2. adamant 1. parachute
3. dragged 2. trainee parachutists
4. combat 3. spreadeagling I lying stomach down and
5. trivial stretching arms and legs out
C. 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. F 4. experienced freefallers
D. B.
1. He helped her into a safe and comfortable I .falls I jumps
position on the floor and held her hand (while 2. inexperienced parachutists I trainee
the fit lasted). parachutists
2. At least I more than 3 times a month. c.
3. It cannot be completely controlled by drugs. 1. A club where parachuting is taught I learnt.

7
2. By a 15-foot nylon static line fixed to the 58. MARKETING
aeroplane, when the jumper's weight pulls on it. A. which includes all the business activities
3. The fall slows down. connected with the movement of goods and
4. Headfirst (at over 200 mph). services from producers to users
5. By pulling the ripcord when they are within B.
2000 ft above the ground. 1. .
a) .Physical activities such as transporting, storing
55. JOIN GREENPEACE TODAY! and selling goods.
A. 1. a 2. d 3. c 4. b 5. b b) A series of decisions related to any part of the
B. process of moving goods from the producer to
1. assault the user.
2. plunder 2. It enables producers to recognise future trends
3. harness as well as the present conditions on marketing.
4. safeguard It helps the producers to predict the potential
5. a stand customers, i.e. why they buy, where .they buy
and for what purpose.
56. BACK TO NATURE 3. It influences what the customers buy, and thus
A. increases sales. It also leads to competition
1. The city amongst companies producing the same
2. The country product, and in this way, it helps to improve
3. the city and the country the quality of the product as well as keeping
4. People who have found I bought a compromise the prices down.
between the city and the country C. 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. T
II have moved to villages not too far from
large urban areas 59. POPULATION GROWTH
B. l.c 2.a 3.d 4.b 5.b 6.a 7.c A.
c. 1. infant mortality
1. a) being at the centre of a lot of events 2. demographers
b) the facuhat life doesn't finish at 9:30 3. soaring growth I absolute rise
a) noisy, squalid, impersonal, massive 4. cultivable
buildings B. 1. c 2. b 3. a 4. c
b) stress and feeling of isolation I constant
noise I dirt/ lack of playgrounds 60. LASERS IN MEDICINE
2. a) the sense of belonging to a community A.
b) peace and quietness 1. lasers .
a) being cut off from major events, activities 2. heart diseases
b) shopping I depression because of stillness 3. using lasers to destroy fatty deposits I
and quietness destroying fatty deposits (plaques) by lasers
B.
57. EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION 1. The retina is the inner back part of the eye
A. which senses light.
1. an earthquake 2. Plaques are fatty deposits which cholesterol
2. changes in the water level and temperature builds up on the inner walls of the arteries.
B. . c.
I. Seismologists. l. a) in some eye operations
2. China and Alaska. b) in sterilizing instruments
3. A seismograph and tiltmeter. c) to stop bleeding
4. Charles Richter, in 1935. d) for removing birthmarks
5. For comparing the energy level of earthquakes. 2. In operations on people with heart diseases,
6. By the movement of rocks along cracks, or and to destroy plaques.
faults, in the earth's surface. 3. By carefully directing a laser beam to the
7. A fault is produced. retina. .
C. l .F 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.T 6.T 4. When an artery is completely closed. because of
the plaques, blood stops flowing and the attack
occurs.
D. 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T

8
61. ENGINEERING IN CHARGE 63. CRUDE OIL
A. A.
1. forces exerting pressure on the bones in our 1. the dark liquid (which came out of the ground)
hips I forces that the bones in our hips are I crude oil
subjected to every time we take a step, or 2. P. Getty and H. Hughes I two of the richest
when we run men in the world
2. Bionic Man 3. In Maracaiba Bay
3. a hip-joint 4. crude oil runs out
4. the ways in which engineers work to help B.
people and create a better quality of life 1. preventing I to prevent water getting in through
5. mechanical engineers, farmers, the cracks in the wood.
horticulturalists, and biologists (to produce 2. the petroleum I a dark liquid which comes out
fertilizers, machinery and harvesting systems) of the ground I oil not refined
B. c.
a) It is a simple ball and socket joint. 1. Because it smelt bad and contaminated the
b) It has certain loads imposed on it. water.
c) It needs reliability over a defined life. 2. For caulking boats and as a medicine for the
d) It must contain materials compatibie with the stomach.
working environment. 3. (He discovered that) it could be used as a fuel
for heating and lighting.
62. FOOD FOR THE WORLD 4. Maracaiba Bay and North Sea.
A. 5. The water is shallow and the oil is very near
1. That there were serious deficiencies of basic the surface.
foods in West and Central Africa in 1973 6. Gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, lubricating oil
2. basic foods and fuel oil.
3. the population of the world 7. By pipeline or tanker (to the final distributors,
4. machines such as petrol stations).
B. 8. As fuel for electricity generators, for vehicles,
1. not having enough rain for heating and materials for clothing. (Any
2. cattle, pigs, chickens, etc. two.)
c. 9. (Because) crude oil may run out.
1. Because of natural disasters such as drought
and floods and because of a real shortage of 64. A FAMILIAR STORY
food. A. l. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. F 6. T 7. T 8. T
2. About 7,000 million. B.
3. In India. 1. Furniture and other equipment for
4. New varieties of wheat. universities I schools. ·
5. From petroleum, seaweed and other 2. They had financial problems. I They were in
(surprising) raw materials. financial trouble. ·
6. Corn, rice, milk and meat. 3. The bigger I other companies would offer equal
7..The great increase in the world population. quality and a better price, .
8. a) shortage of housing 4. The good quality of their products and their
b) shortage of facilities reliable delivery dates.
c) shortage of food 5. That Tahi wouldn't ask for a bribe.
d) psychological stress That Tahi didn't believe in I approve of bribery.
9. a) By (working on projects for) breeding plants
and animals which grow bigger, faster and 65. THE CINEMA
which are resistant to diseases. A.
b) By cultivating plants using mixtures of 1.The Great Train Robbery
chemical compounds and water only. 2. Photographing the sound waves (which
c) By cross-breeding livestocks. accompanied the action)
d) By mechanisation. 3. the sound-proofing system I the complex
10. Cultivating plants by using mixtures of device
chemical compounds and water only. 4. Technicolor (with three main colours)

9
 ·,

B. Many of them were Germans who left their

1. Both were silent systems and the films , country in 1945 after WW II.
produced by these systems were short. Unlike . 3. The USSR.
the Kinetoscope, the Cinematographe used a 4. Explorer I.
large screen. · 5. To achieve the journey to the moon (and to
2. Because they were made with fixed cameras. move in space freely).
3. a) The use of a moving camera. 6. Pictures of the other side of the moon.
b) Development of an effective sound system. 7. Yuri Gagarin flew into space. This was
./ Introduction of sound system. I · important, because it was the first manned
Photographing the sound waves which journey./ He was the f}rst man to go into
accompanied the action.. . space.
4. He solved the problem of sound-picture 8. Because the longest journey was made then,
synchronisation I found a way of photographing and for the first time the ·a stronauts brought
sound waves which accompanied the action. back rock pieces and moon dust for the
5. Sound-proofing system was large, so cameras scientists. .
were big again.
6. They were painted on by hand. 68. EXPLORATION FOR OIL
7. To get realistic effects. 1. The geophysical survey.
8. No, because colouring was expensive and 2. (It is ) an exploration well, a wildcat, with
people felt that it was less realistic and of poor some oil. ·
quality I pictures looked stranger than they do 3. To drill a well.
in black and white. · 4. To find out the depth and type of rock
formations.
66. THE GORILLA 5. To learn about shape and direction of rock
A. formations under the surface. ·
1. taken forcibly 6. Because rock forn1ations under the earth's
2. displayed 6. continuous
7. show surface differ from place to place.
3.unchanged
4. connection 8. capacity
9. difficult to describe 69. THE COMPUTER
5. brave ·· l. CHEOPS (Chemical Engineering Optimization
B. System). ·
1. Although no one knows much about it, 2. 16 hours.
everybody thinks they know it very well. I 3. All the information necessary for designing a
Despite our little knowledge, we think we . chemical plant.
know gorilJas very well. 4. The·plan that would produce the most chemical
2. a) The lifespan of gorillas. I How long the at the lowest cost.
gorilla .lives or how or why it dies. 5. For a year.
b) The exact social pattern of the family 6. Rockets, satellites and spaceships.
groups. 7. They are used in the training of airline pilots.
c) The final extent of their intelligence. They direct the flight of planes, control their
air speeds and altitudes. They can also land
67. SPACE TRAVEL planes.
A. 8. They are used in analysing blood samples, in
1. in space . diagnosing disease and in prescribing
2. a German astronaut who left his country after · medication. 'They also keep records of the
the Second World War (and who worked for tissue types for organ transplants.
the USA). 9. More than 10 billion.
3. Sputnik 4. Yuri Gagarin 5. the world 10. At least 10,000 times.
B. 1.c 2.d 3.b
c. 70. ELECTRON THEORY
1. To see planets far away in space better.
..., . . A.
1. the electron theory
a) They tried to build rockets to go into space. 2. The proton
b) They didn't work together./ There were two 3. the proton
separate teams, one in the USA and the other 4. valence electrons I the electrons in the last shell
in the USSR.

10
 ··,

5. electrons 75. CAT

6. nucleus A.
B. 1. strive
1. matter; energy 2. emulate
2. protons, neutrons, electrons . B.
3. arrangement of protons, neutrons and electrons Centre for Alternative Technology
4. the number of electrons of the atom arranged (The) sun, (the) wind, (the) rain ·
in the last shell I the number of valence electrons Near I A few miles from Machynlleth (on a hill)
5. the conduction of electricity in.Mid~Wales .
c. 30 adults with their children
1. Solid, liquid and gas. '·:: ··
Tim Kirby
2. By understanding the electron theory.
£75
3. Because they have less tha.n 4 valence
electrons which can move easily from one £500
nucleus to another. c. 1, 6 2. 3 3. 5 4. 3 5. 7
6.2 7.4 8.,3 9.6 10.4
4. Because they aren't strongly attached to the
nucleus.
76. MATHEMATICS
71. HYDROPONICS A.
A. nutrients and moisture I vitamins, minerals 1. mathematics
and moisture contained in the soil · 2. pure mathematicians ·
B. 3. the worldly problems
1. inorganic nutrients (dissolved in water)
4. applied mathematicians
S. the biological and social sciences
2. start the feeding and watering system I start the
water and nutrient delivery system B. 1.b 2.d
3. temperature, humidity and air circulation c. . ..
4_. at a desert site near the capital city
1. (It is) an ancient branch of ~athem~tics which
is used to calculate the pos1t1C?_ns of the planets
c: at any time a'i well as being used to calculate
. 1. F 2. T
the orbits of Earth satellites. · ·
· · o. 2:They have developed new stati:;tical_methods
1. c 2. b 3. a 4. b
for controlling quality in high-speed industrial
72. THE BASIS OF REFRIGERATION mass production.
A. They have built the basis for Operations
1. the liquid Research.
2. the molecules They_have dealt with the complexities of
3. rushing out rapidly human behaviour. ·
4. absorb heat energy (from the surroundings) They have analysed the design of automatic .
5. a problem controls for complicated systems.
6. Many gases (Any three.)
7. The electric switch 3. They help them to make calculations faster and
8. the switch to test certain relationships among numb_ers as
9. (a strip of metal known as) a compound bar well as enabling them to solve problems they
B. l.d 2.b could not solve before.
73. ANTI-RADIATION PILLS FOR 77. ATOMS (2)
FAMILIES A.
1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 1. Dalton's theory
2. electrons, neutrons, protons
74. CROCODILES 3. The nucleus of an atom
A. 1. formidable 2. inflame 3. gobble up 4. atoms of the same element
B. 1. attract . 2. legend 3. reduce 5. chemical elements (which occur in nature)'
C. l.F 2.T 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.T 7.F 8.F B. 1. d 2. b 3. b

11

:··> ..
~
78. TRANCE 81. PATTERNS OF OCEAN LIFE -:.· "
A. A. .
1. Hypnosis being a form of sleep 1. (the waters) off the coasts of southern
2. the subject California
3. the hypnotist . 2. sewage
4. people who aren't affected by hypnosis I B.
people who can't he put in a deep trance l. alter
5. people who didn't know they were being 2. entirely
hypnotized 3. exhaust
B. 1. c 2. b 3. d 4. Yet
C. People who are 55 or older./ People who try 5. abundant
too hard to fall into a trance./ People who are 6. put forward
· afraid or suspicious of hypnosis or the c.
hypnotist./ People who resist the process. 1. Because they were killed for their valuable
(Any two.) furs.
2. When the otter disappeared, sea urchins
79. STAYING UNDER\VATER reproduced in great numbers and this caused
A. the exhaustion of kelp beds. I The great
1. danger (to the diver inside the hard-hat suit) increase in the number of sea urchins, which
2. the divers fed on kelp.
3. one or two tanks of compressed air
B. - 82. GROWING UP
1. Through an air pipe attached to a machine A.
above water. 1. (the) values
2. Through the small openings (on the hard-hat 2. swear words I some words (such as 'bloody')
suit). 3". forms of behaviour
3. a) A sudden rise to the surface (caused by too 4. parents' giving their teenage children too much
greaLa supply of air). or too little freedom
b) The crushing of the body (caused by a B.
sudden dive into deep water). · 1. obey (without question)
4. To increase their speed. 2. grown-ups
5. A specialrnbber suit which prevented heat 3. respect
loss . 4. conflict
6. A mouthpiece and one or two tanks of C. 1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F
compressed air. D.
7. It enables scientists to move freely at great 1. By looking at their parents' reaction. I
depths for several hours . I It enables According to their parents' reaction.
diver-scientists to work 200 feet underwater - 2. By starting to lead double lives (;we reserve
or even deeper - for several hours. some forms of behaviour for the home, and
c. d · others for the world outside the home).
3. When their children make mistakes.
80. DISTILLING OIL
A. 83. LONELINESS
1. (dead) plants and animals A.
2. refining oil 1. the f eeling·of loneliness .
3. paraffin 2. tackling loneliness by joining a club or society ,
4. (the) pitch and tar (at the bottom of the . by going out and meeting people
column) 3. group
B. 4. others I other people
l. Lack of oxygen. B".
2. Because it is found (in porous rock) u·nder a 1. loneliness
layer of hard rock. 2. isolation
3. By pumping it along pipelines or carrying it in 3. tackle
tankers. 4. resent
4. Different weather conditions in the locations. C. 1. b 2.c 3. d 4. b
C. 1. b 2. d 3. c 4. a 5. b 6. a

12
D. 87. SHARKS: MAGNIFICENT AND
1. (Because) a miserable look on your face might MISUNDERSTOOD
put people off. I To hide the fact that you are A.
lonely. I (Because) it is a good starting point to 1. to distinguish I distinguishing between right
combat loneliness. and wrong targets
2. We are all actually alone. I Loneliness is 2. sharks
sometimes unavoidable. 3. (take time to study and) get to know sharks
4. human beings I man I people
84. CHOOSING A CAREER 5. an environment unnatural to our species I the
A. sea
l. estimate 6. the sports that are more hazardous than going
2. trade I profession I career into the sea ·
3. inheriting B. .
4. attitude 1. sophisticated · 2. hazardous
B:· 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. F c.
C. 1. retention span 2. territory
1. (It helps us) to define his status. I To judge D. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F 6. T 7. F
where he stands socially and how much he
earns. 88. ELECTRIC SHOCKS
2. Because they have a definite idea of the A.
benefits different jobs will bring. 1. electric shocks
3. (At a stage in our lives) when we can easily be 2. your body
influenced by factors which have little or B. l.d 2.b 3.b 4.a 5.b 6.a 7.d ·
nothing to do with the main issue. c.
1. Because the former is sent directly to the hear1
85. POWERS OF THE HUMAN BODY while the latter passes through the fluids of th
A. body, which have a greater resistance.
1. each of these muscles I each muscle 2. Because a low resistance path is established f c
2. muscular and organic powers the current.
B. 3. Winding thick wires around fuses (to prevent
1. extended them from blowing frequently).
("stretched" is not correct here as an adjec.;ve is required .
and its meaning is also different) 89. STRESS
2. accomplished A.
3. varies 1. contemporary
C. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 2. accessible to
D. 3. indicators
I . It supplies muscles with energy fuel(s). I It 4. predominant
carries the energy fuels from the lungs and B. 1. d 2. a
digestive system to the muscles. C. 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F
2. 'Potential physical capacity' is determined by D.
genetics and health. However. 'acquired 1. Because man has a highly developed central
capacity' is acquired or developed through nervous system.
physical activity in our daily routines. 2. Doing what you like to do and hot what you
3. By supplementing our daily physical activity are forced to do. ·
with a balanced exercise program performed
regularly. 90. BAD WATER
A.
86.MEDICINE IN THE SEVENTIES 1. insidious
A. 2. apparent
1. invoked 3. barren
2. rejected 4. jeopardy
3. revolutionized 5. fundamental
4. scrutiny B. l.c 2.d 3. a 4.c·
B. I. c 2. a 3. c C. 1. F 2. T 3. T

13
 .·,

D. 4. pepple
1. Because it dissolves a vast number of 5. an answer
substances, but it (simply) carries along those B. l. c 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. d
it cannot dissolve.
2. Nonpoint-source pollution. 95.ATTITUDES TOWARDS MONEY
A. 1. c 2. a 3. c 4. d
91. VIDEOS FOR KIDS: FUN YES -FACTS B. Misers accumulate I save money; spenders
YES • VIOLENCE NO spend all their money.
A.
1. Earth's inhabitants 96. OVER-AMPLIFICATION
2. chimps A. 1. d 2 ..b 3. d 4. c 5. c 6. b
3, video cassettes I videos 1. c &. a 9. b 10. ct
4. of the exciting living world B.
B.
1. a) crime
b) murder
/ ..
permanent I
. . ""'
Hearing loss ... loud noise

temporal)'
')
irreverseble · I · I
a) see renowned s~ientist Jane Goodall studying I I discotheques, sitting in
the social structure of chimps industrial military rock'n roll front of a
b) discover that these primates, just like. humans, joints tuba
comfort their young player
3. 97. THE CYCLAMATE CONTROVERSY
a) entertaining and educational A.
b) packed with animals - from African lions to 1. (It is ) a (kind of) widely used sweetener.
. Australia's spiny anteater 2. (They exemplify) deformities observed in
C. 1. T 2. F chickens due to the use of cyclamate.
D. 1. a 2. b 3..d 4. c 5. d 6. b 7. a 3. Because it w'as advised by The National
. Academy of Science.s that use of cyclamates
92. MIDDLE-EAST WATER: should be restricted.
CRITICAL.RESOURCE 4. Those who work in the diet-food industry,
A. l. T 2. F . 3. F 4. T especially the processors of diet drinks.
B. 1. d 2. b 3. a 4. a 5. c 5. (In) diet drinks.
6. d ·7 . c 8. d 9. b 6. They may switch back to sugar-sweetened
drinks or just give it all up in favor of water.
93. THE BERMUDA TRIANGLE (1) 7. On Januarv 1st.
A. B. I. T 2~ T 3. T 4. NI 5. F
1. the ships (which were found undamaged) 6. T 7. T 8. F 9. F
2. some writers
3. people from space (living at the bottom of the 98. A GOOD LIFE
Atlantic) A.
4. the Bermuda Triangle 1. the people of the Caucasus Mountains I
B. Caucasians •
1. occurred 2. Reduced emotional tensions I Emotional
2. evidence tensions being reduced . .
C. l. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 3. (Having) ,)arge extended families (of maybe
300 people or more)
94._THE BERMUDA TRIANGLE (2) B. I. d 2. a 3. b
A. . c.
1. five U.S navy planes which disappeared on a Causes
regular flight from Florida - (A slow, regular) rythmic lifestyle. I Overall
2. this light/the strange white light evenness of pace (in the Caucasian way of
3. all these mysterious happenings in the life) I Continuity in all aspects of life.
Bermuda Triangle -A stable cultural environment with certain
expectations I realistic goals and expectations.
- The role of old people in the family and
community. I Retaining a positive self-image.

14
 - ------- - - - - - - - - -
. ..

Effect 3. Because it uses polystyrene foam for packing

- Longevity in Caucasians and causes the environment to be dirty. ·
D. 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. T 4. With pressure coming from the
E. ecology-minded customers, McDonald's ·has
1. The digestive system becomes entirely de.cided to take the pro-environment initiative
adjusted. Therefore, physiological stress on as a joint effort with EDF.
the digestive system is at a minimum. 5.
2. Being hospitable and generous toward others. a) It is not yet recyclable. .
3. They make decisions about money, marriages, b) Its production requires cutting down trees.
land sales and other matters. I They are the 6. .
heads of the family. / They make important a) Popcorn is more expensive to produce than
decisions concerning the family. polystyrene pellets.
4.' Because of their important place in the family b) It tends to attract rodents and insects.
· and community. 7. Because popcorn for packing is not meant to be
eaten. I The writer of the article makes a joke.
99. "TO SLEEP, PERCHANCE TO (Any sensible answer.) ·
DREAM.. .'.'
1. T 2. F 3. NI 4. T S. F 6. T 7. NI 102. ANTIQUES REPAIRS
A. 1. a 2. c 3. b 4. a 5. a 6. b
·.JOO. ELEMENTS B. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T S. T 6. F 7. T
A.
1. Elements are composed of atoms whose 103. ALEXANDER THE GREAT
combinations/arrangements are called 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T
molecules. · 6. T 7. F 8. F· 9. T 10. T
·2. Electrons that circle the nucleus of an atom I
Different structures of atoms determine the 104. THE MIDDLE AGES IN EUROPE
manner in which atoms combine. A. .
3. . 1. General shortage of food (in Europe).
a) An atom is composed of three kinds of 2. Famine struck Europe. .
· particles: protons, neutrons and electrons. 3. Black Death/Bubonic Plague (probably first)
b) The number of electrons iri an atom is the struck Mongolia.
same as the number of protons, and this 4. The plague reached Sicily.
number determines the chemical properties of S. The end of the first crisis (of plague in
the element. (Any two specific facts from the Europe).
. second paragraph.) B.
4. The first atomic orbital corresponding to the 1. people who march from region to region,
planet Mercury ... I The inert g~es ... are beating themselves I each other with sticks an
elements whose atoms have full electron whips to please God
orbitals. 2. (around) 20 million (people)
B. . I. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F 3. flagellation, superstition, black magic,
C. I. b . 2. b 3. d 4. c witchcraft, sexual immorality, massacres of
D. Jews (Any four.)
l . Paragraph 1 2. Paragraph 1 c.
3. Paragraph 2 4. Paragraph _3 1.
· a) Decrease in agr_icultural production.
101. BURGER TO GO • HOLD THE b) High inflation (due to silver shortage).
PLASTIC 2. (Any sensible answer along these lines:)
A. 1.c 2.b 3.c 4.c 5. b 6.b 7. b 8. a People passed on their infections to others.
B. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F It's a contagious disease.
c. Cities are high density areas .
1. It is light, shock-resistant, insulating, cheap to 3. Many of the intellectual and spiritual leaders
make. (Any three.) . had died in the plague. I
2. It is bulky (takes up space in land-fills), takes They had been deprived of their intellectual
decades to decompose, its manufacture causes and spiritual leaders.
the release of hazardous chemicals, market for 4. Since death could be seen everywhere, dress
recycling is.limited. (Any three.) and art forms imitated the concept of death.

15
 --- ---------.,;---
·,
People draw what they see and feel so if death
is all around them, they are bound to be
morbid. (Any such sensible answer.)
5. No, they were not. Mass hysteria made people
blame and kill the Jews even though they
hadn't done anything wrong.
105. PARENTAL AUTHORITY
A.
1. parents'
2. children's belief in parents' character and
infallibility
3. (this) adolescent reaction
4. that the parent is wrong, ignorant, unfair or
unjust
5. that children (openly) let their parents know
how they really feel
B.
1.
a) They would not be very hurt.
b) They would not drive the child into opposition
(by resenting and resisting it).
2. He respects a parent who admits that he is
wrong or ignorant or has been unfair or unjust.
3. Because their children were too cowed to let
them know how they really felt.
106. TWO VIEWS OF DIVORCE
A. .~.
1. wives' -··'-
2. The higheifdivorce rates reflect an underlying
increase hi marital instability.
3. unhappy or unstable marriages
4. More permissive divorce laws in themselves
cause marital breakdown.
B.
1. It causes a rise in female employment. I Wives
are encouraged to take up paid employment.
2. Although she has to share the economic burden
with her husband and has a new role as a wage
earner, a working wife is still expected to be
primarily responsible for housework and
raising children.
3. The higher divorce rate reflects ·an underlying
increase in marital instability.
The more permissive divorce laws (in
themselves) cause marital breakdown.
It provides new types of solution where
breakdown has already occurred. (Any two.)
4 . Text 1 examines divorce from the point of
conflict between the changing economic
and social values whereas Text 2 examines it
from the legal I legislative point of view.
16
107. SUCCESS
l. Superior personal qualities are not considered
necessary for success. I It is achievement that
is important, not superior personal qualities.
2. One whose work (what he says or writes) is
regarded as important.
3. Because he/she may tell us how to.become
successful or others may learn
from I follow I imitate his success.
108. JAPANESE FREEDOM
1. To secure their authority and to preserve peace
in the country.
2. No, some Chinese and Dutch people were
allowed to stay.
3. All Western influence was to be kept out.
4. They were killed I executed I murdered.
5. In order to prevent them from dealing with
overseas commerce.
109. THE HEALING POWER OF BELIEF
A.
1. medication, radiation, surgery
2. placebos (satisfactorily) relieving symptoms I
patients getting better after using placebos
B.
1. Scrutiny 2. persevere 3. genuine
4. proof 5. Will 6. contest
c.
I. He thought the varying severity of the illnesses
brought ·about the difference. I He thought
some patients did well because their illnesses
were not as severe as the illnesses of others.
2. It is a pill that contains no medical ingredients
but that often produces the same effect as
genuine medication
3. The human mind can create actual changes in
body chemistry as a result of what it believes.
I Because. of the healing power of belief. I
Because the placebo makes them believe that
they are going to get well. ·
HO.MEMORY
I. To echoic memory. I To the sensory storage
system.
2. Rehearsal.
3. Locating and retrieving the information.
Because LTM contains a lot of information.
4. (That) the information can be remembered
under the proper circumstances. I All
information in LTM is considered available;
that is, it can be remembered under the proper
circumstances.
5. If an item is available in STM, it is 2. By organizing ourselves so we can work with
automatically accessible. In LTM, all our natural rhythms (rather than against them).
information is available but only that 3. Sleep I wake cycle, temperature, blood
information which is remembered is pressure, hormone levels.
accessible. 4. Around I At noon.
6. (In) LTM. Because interference in LTM 5. (Because) long-term memory is better then I in
occurs among semantically related words I the afternoon.
words which are similar in meaning, It is the best time for learning material that you
7. Their capacities. I The number of items each want to recall days, weeks or months later.
system can store. I STM has a (very) limited
capacity compared to the almost unlimited 113. A NEW ICE AGE (1)
storage capacity of LTM. I STM has a limited A.
capacity whereas the capacity of LTM is 1. transition 2. frigid 3. retreat 4. a fluke
unlimited. 5. controversial 6. triggered 7. global 8. broadly
B.
111. EDUCATION IN BRITAIN l.
A. a) Gerard Bond .
l. pupils b) Milutin Milankovitch
2. local authorities 2. Greenland glaciers I Atlantic sea-floor
3. (that) grammar schools provide better sediments.
education (than comprehensive schools) I 3. 40,000 years ago. I Right in the middle of the
comprehensive schools are not better (than last ice age.
grammar schools) 4. (Sometime with)in (the next) 1,000 to 2,000
4. the fact that more upper-class children (tend years.
to) go to university I more upper-class children 5. (It proved that) climate change is anything but
going to university smooth I is not regular I is not smooth.
B. 6. It was interrupted by cold I frigid spells
1. Those who weren't (very) successful I were (lasting for hundreds of years).
less I least successful on the '11-pl us' 7.
examination. a) (Changes in ) the earth's slightly oval orbit
Students who failed I didn't succeed I did around the sun.
poorly on the '11-plus' examination. b) (Changes in) the planet's (earth's) axis of
2. To separate them according to ability. rotation.
3. Grammar schools. 8. They have realized that ( while) the cycles (are
4. They are private I independent of the state real and influence climate, they) alone cannot
system. explain ice ages.
5. Political opinions. (Milankovitch's timing of glaciation may be
6. (Their belief) that it is Gust) as wrong to broadly correct, but ) major glacial episodes
separate children by intelligence as by social happen when his cycles call for minor ones, or
class. vice versa.
7. They think it strengthens class barriers. I In
their view, it is a system that differentiates 114. A NEW ICE AGE (2)
between children and that strengthens class A.
barriers. 1. advancing 2. practically
8. To be placed with others I other students of 3. unprecedented 4. boost 5. indication
similar intelligence and abilities. B.
1. Indianapolis.
112. WHAT IS YOUR BEST TIME OF DAY? 2. About 10,000 years ago.
A. 3. In Chicago.
1. flux 2. random 3. Ultimately 4. enhance 4. More than 130 people.
B. 5. Tremors I Earthquakes.
1. The experiments of Franz Halberg on mice. 6. The overuse of electric utilities (to keep homes
The experiments which showed that the heated).
number of white blood cells was different I 7. (Because) the highway was very I impassably
(dramatically) higher and lower at different icy.
times of the day. 8. Gases from cars, power plants and factories.

17
 ..,

115. PROOF AGAINST HEART ATTACKS c.

A. 1. Wild animals.
1. moderate alcohol consumption helps to prevent 2. Turning ungulates into cattle and sheep. I
coronary heart disease Taming wolves and big cats. I Trivializino
2. drinking habits (keeping) big cats as household pets. I Di~ing
B. on shark or alligator fillets. (One of the above)
I. numerous 2. solid 3. sip 3. Individuals: tribes; nations; ethnic groups.
4. ward off 5. mounted
. 6. teetotalino-
0
(Three of the above) ·
7. incidence 8. outweigh 4.No.
C.
1. It provided the first solid indication of how 119. SA VE THE JUNGLE •
alcohol works to protect the heart. · SA V~ THE WORLD
2.The higher blood levels of high-density A.
lipoproteins I HDL's I good cholesterol. 1.
3. High blood pressure, strokes, cirrhosis of the a) ... settle I resettle people I inhabit
liver, violent behaviour, traffic accidents. b) ... plant crops
4. It may increase the incidence of breast and 2 .... timber
colon cancer. results
erosion, flooding, lack of fertility, endangerment
116. FROM THE OTHER SIDE OF THE of the forest ecosystem, vanishing of rain forests
· GENERATION GAP · (Any two.)
A.
1. the grown daughters (of older women) precal!,tions
2. older people (particularly those in their 50's 1. wisdom in planning
and 60's) . · 2. forest ecology ·
3. that older people need more space and time to 3. less greed
attend to their own affairs and friends B.
4. activities (in the community) 1. Because it is low-impact I they have a .
5. generation low-impact life style. I Because they practise
6. the·younger generation little cultivation and they don't cut down trees.
R 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 2. From the compost of their fallen foliage.
c. c. d
1. The National Institute of Aging.
2. Working-class families that live in a 120. TIGHTEN YOUR BELT
Midwestern suburb. - . A.
3. That grandparents have busy, active lives and 1. finding· new energy sources
that they need privacy and more space for 2. the rise in the world population I population
themselves. growth I the world population being 6-7 billion ·
3. the high-energy method of agriculture
117. LEARNING IT AT HOME 4. exporting food
A. 1. h 2. g 3. d 4. a 5. b 6. f B. 1. d 2.. h 3. e 4. g 5. c 6. b
B. 1. F 2. T 3. F . 4. F 5. T . 6. T c.
c. . 1. (Abou.t) 30 years. . .
1. You can go at your own pace and needn't 2. The rise in the population of the US. I There
adjust your schedule to accommodate a regular will be _many more mouths to feed and the ·
class. farmers won't be able to produce high yields
2. At book and record stores or by mail order. because of the energy crisis. .
3. By repetition I repeating. 3. To produce more'food and to make it last
4. $135. longer. ·
5. NU CEA I National University Continuing 4. Lower the population to the point where the
Education Association. planet can provide a comfortable support for
6. $1.25. all.

118. ANIMAL PREDATORS

A. 1. e 2. f 3. b 4. a 5. c 6. d 7. h 8. g
B. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F

18
121. GALDIKAS AND ORANGUTANS 124. THE FIRES OF CHRISTMAS
A. A.
characteristics 1. the shells of the Sydney Opera House
I. long-lived 2. homes
2. highly intelligent B.
reproduction I. evacuated 2. clutched 3. flotilla
4. arsonists 5. outrage 6. tenacious 7. ferocit)
1.... every eight years
2. ... one (single) infant ;.. C. 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T
3 . ... offspring at 16 D.
1. They couldn't fight the fires alone.
social behaviour . 2. To help catch arsonists.
1: (big) male orangutans fight with one another
2 .... (a)°solitary (creature) ... 125. GE:t'\1ETIC GEOGRAPHY
e.g. (adolescent) males and females travel A. a) 4 b) 7 c) 6 d) 1 e) 5 f) 3 g) 2
together without mating (almost as friends) B.
B. 1. They were (pitifully) primitive and so gave
1. They have all studied apes./ They were all faulty information.
picked by Leakey to pl1:1mb the origins of 2. By using special enzymes.
humanity's special nature.. I They were all 3. Multiple copies. .
trained by Leakey. I They were all 4. Because that will give scientists the ~11.
paleoanthropologists. . · detailed genetic instructions for a human
2. It has shed new light on the social patterns of being.
the orangutan. . . .
It's the longest study of wild orangutans e.ver 126. GENETIC MANIPULATION
undertaken. A. a) 5 b) 2 c) 3 d) l e) 4
3. Because they are endangered /they are in B. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F
danger of extinction and their habitat is c. .
dwindling. 1. A specific sequence of DNA which codes the
. amino acid structure of single proteins. ·
122. THE LONG HABIT The smallest molecule of a living organism
A. 1.g 2.a 3.f 4.c 5.b 6.d which forms DNA.
B. 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. T 2. The newly acquired gene is I will be expresse
c. and results I will result in the production of a
1. (Because) they associate it with their own foreign protein.
death I it reminds them of their The recipient cell is I will be able to synthesi:i
own death. the gene product.
2. By getting rid of fatal diseases such a:; cancer. I
If we can rid ourselves of some of our chronic, 127. THE TREASURE OF KING PRIAM C
degenerative diseases, cancer, strokes and TROY
coronaries, we might go on and on. A.
I. excavated 2. trove 3 .. access (to)
123. GIOVANNA AMATI: 4. placate 5. gracefully
ONE FAST WOMAN B. 1. F- 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F
A. 6.T 7.T 8.T 9.F 10.F
1. passion 2. dramatic .3. pursued
4. worked her I one's way up 128. SINGAPORE'S 'l;RAFFIC POLICY
5. dented 6. vital 7. monitored 8. dwell on A.
B. c 1. 3 million
C. 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T 2. 626.4 sq.km.
D. 3. 81 per km. (of roadway)
1. The possibility of accidents and death. 4. Certificate of Entitlement
2. By not thinking about them. 5. $40,780
3. She is mainly pessimistic because she thinks 6. $56,600
that she cannot easily find a man who will 7. $1,200
readily be dominated by her. 8. 24,000
9. 10%

19
 10. 50% 144. DRY FOOD
B. 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5.F 1. b 2. c 3. a 4. b 5. c
6. F 7. T 8. T 9. T 10. F 6. c 7. a 8. c 9. c
129. SPEED KILLS 145. BLUE-JEANS
A. 1. b 2. d 3. d 4. b 5. c 6. a 7. c
1. maxim 2. ruling 3. citing
4. (be able) to dent 5. obsession 146. THE REBIRTH OF THE FEMINIST
B. 1. d 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. a 6. b MOVEl\1ENT
1.d 2.b 3.b 4.c
130. THE RAYS ARE NOT COLOURED
A. 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. F 6. T 147. COOPERAT°JVE EDUCATION
B. 1. d 2. b 3. a 4. b l. b 2. c 3. d 4. c
131. THE SHAME AND PAIN OF SUDDEN 148. THE EGYPTIAN PYRAMIDS
RUIN 1. c 2. b 3. a 4. d
1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F
6. T 7. F 8. F 9. T 10. T 149. GHOSTS
1. b 2. b 3. d 4. b · 5. c
132. POLLUTION (1) . 6. b 7. b 8. c 9. d
1.d 2.c 3.a 4. b
150. TRAVELLERS' TALES
133. RECYCLING WASTE I. b 2. c 3. d 4. b 5. a
l.c 2.d 3,a 4.c 6. a 7. b 8. d . 9 . c I 0. c
134. OCEANS 151. JOB-CENTRE LEAFLET
I. b 2. d 3. b 4. c l.d 2.c ·3.c 4.c 5.d 6.a 7. b
135. SURGERY 152. LANZAROTE
1. d 2. b 3. b · 4. a 5. c l. d 2. c
136. ULTRASONICS 153. SPEED LIMIT
1. a 2. b ·· 3. d 4. b 5. d 1. c 2. c 3. d 4. b
137. DESERT PLANTS 154. THE TORNADO
J.c 2.d 3.b 4.c 5.b 6.c 7.a 8.b . 1. d 2. a 3. b 4. c
138. AMARANTH 155. TRAVEL INSURANCE
1. d 2. b 3.c 4.b 5.c 6.d J.a 2.c 3.a 4. b 5.c 6. a 7.d 8.d
139. DREAMS 156. MEETING THE CAPTAIN
1. a 2. a 3. b 4.c 5.d 6. b I. b 2. c 3. b 4. c 5. b
6. c 7. c 8. b 9; d
140. POLLUTION (2)
I. c 2. b 3. c 4.a 5.d 6.c 157. SHOPLIFTING
l.c 2.a 3.b 4.d 5.a 6. b
141. THE ELECTRIC EEL
I. b 2. d 3. d 158. ILLEGAL TAPES
1. c 2. a 3. b 4. a 5. b
142. SMOKING 6.d 7.d 8.d . 9:c 10.d
I. c 2. d 3. d 4. b 5. d 6. a 7. a
159. JORVIK - THE LOST VIKING

II
I,
143. DDT
1. c 2. a 3. b 4. c
CAPITAL
l. d 2. c 3. a 4. c 5. a
6. b 7. d 8. b 9. d 10. c

20
160. CHILDREN AND LEARNING 177. FELT IMAGE
1. a 2. d 3. c 4. b 5. c I. d 2. b 3. d

161. l\1AKING YOUR WORKPLACE SAFER 178. FALL OF THE.MEDITERRANEAN

I. b 2. d 3. c 4. c 5. b 6. a 1. a 2. a 3. a 4. c

162. FUTURE OF RAIL TRANSPORT 179. YOUNG CITY BUILDERS

1. a 2. b 3. d 4. d 5. d 6. c 1. c 2. b

163. GLOBAL "\\7ARMING 180. MINNIE

1. c 2. a ). b 4. b 5. c 1. b 2. a 3. c 4. c 5. d
6. a 7. c 8. d 9. d 10. b
164. COMETS
1. a 2. d 3. b 4. b 5. d 6. a 7. c 181. HOW CRUCIAL IS DREAMING'!
l.b 2.a 3.d 4.c 5.c 6. b 7. a
165. EFFECTS OF SNOVV
1. c 2. d 3. b 4. b 5. a 6. d 7. b 8. b 182. UNDERSTANDING TEENAGE CULTS
l.b 2.c 3.d 4. a 5.c
166. NUCLEAR THREAT
I. b 2. c 3. a 183. A LONELY PARADISE
1. d 2. a 3. b · 4. c 5. d
167. ACID RAIN 6.d 7.c 8.b 9.c 10.a
I. c 2. a
184. SHOPAHOLISM
168. NICOTINE ADDICTION 1. d 2. b 3. d 4. a
1. d 2. b 3. c
185. FOOD AID
169. LOOKING FOR A PARTNER? 1. c 2. b 3. a 4. d
I. c 2. b 3. a 4. d 5. a 6. c
7.c 8.d 9.d 10.a 11.d 12.a 186. DISASTERS IN THE THIRD \VORLD
l. b 2. d
170. SEX DISCRIMINATOIN IN THE
WORKPLACE 187. COMMUNICATION AND LANGUAGE
l. c 2. b 3. d 4. b 5. b 6. a IN THE HOl\1E-RAISED
7.c 8.a 9.a 10.d 11.b CHI!\1PANZEES
I. b 2. c 3. a 4. d 5. c
171. THE AGONY COLUMN 6. b 7. a 8. b 9. d 10. a
.1.c 2.c 3.d 4.b 5.b 6.a
7.c 8.b 9.a 10.d 11.d 12.a 188. l'vlARTHA GRAHAIVI
I. a 2. c 3. b 4. c 5. d
172. BETTER REFRlGIRATORS: 6. c 7. c 8. b 9. a 10. d
THE COLD FACT
1. d 2. b 3. b 4. d 189. BEING AN 'AU PAIR': SOME FACTS
1. a 2. c 3. a 4. d 5. b 6. d 7. c
173. HUMAN INFANTS
l.b 2.d 3.a 4.c 190. THE MENACE OF THE MICRO
1. b 2. c 3. a 4. b 5. b 6. a 7.c
174. GANDHI INDIAN RESTAURANT 8. b 9. d 10. d
l.a 2.c 3.a 4.d 5.a
191. DATA ENCRYPTATION
175. STONEHENGE I. a 2. b 3. d 4. b
l.b 2.c 3.d 4.a 5.d
192. PESTICIDE CONTROL
176. HISTORY OF FARMING 1. b 2. d 3. c
1. d 2. b 3. b 4~ d 5. c

21
 ..,

193. TOXIC CHEMICAL LEAKS . 211. CRITICAL THINKING IS \VELCOME

1. a 2. c . 3. c l. d 2. c 3. b 4. b 5. a 6. c 7. d
194. THE STORY OF THE TELEPHONE 212. LEARNING TO READ
1. a 2. c 3. b 4. c 5. a 6. c l.b 2.a 3.c 4.b 5.a
7. c 8. d 9. d 10. b 11. b 12. c
213.RUMOUR
195. TEENAGE VANDALISM I. c 2. d
1. c 2. c 3. d 4. d
214. HOTEL \VORK
196. LANGUAGE LEARNING 1. a 2.d 3.c
1. c 2. b 3. a 4. a 5. b 6. a
215. CAN WAR BE ABOLISHED?
197. TWO LETTERS l. a · 2. c 3. b 4. d 5. a 6. c
1. a 2. a 3. c
216. CHERNOBYL
198. WIND POWER 1. d 2. b
1. b 2, c 3. d
217. THE NINETEENTH CENTURY IN
199. HYDRO-ELECTRIC AND TIDAL . PERSPECTIVE
POWER I. b 2. d 3. b 4. c 5. a 6. c
l. c 2. d 3. a
218. CHILD-RAISING
200. GREGORY MENDEL l. c 2. b 3. d 4. c 5. c 6. a 7. b
I. b 2. b 3. d
219. HEROES
201. ANTI-SMOKING CAMPAIGNS I. a 2. c
1. b 2. d 3. b 4. b 5. d
220. THE OCEAN vs. THE BODY
202. LONELINESS PREVAILS 1. a 2. c 3. d
.,J .c 2.b 3.a
221. BRAINS
203. THE ORDER OF INVENTIONS !. a 2. b 3. a 4. c 5. a 6. a 7. c
I. d 2. d 3. a
222. HO\V TO LIVE TO BE A HUNDRED
204. INTELLIGENCE 1.b 2.c 3.c 4._d 5.a
I. b 2. d . 6.b 7.d 8.b 9.b 10.a
205. YOUR PERSONALITY AND YOUR 223. IMPORTANCE OF EARLY
HEART EXPERIENCES
l. d 2. c 3. d 4. b 5. c I. b 2. c 3. d 4. b 5. a
6.c 7.b 8.d 9.c 10.d
206. THE FLEA MARKET
l. c 2. a 3. b 4. c 5. d 224. E:MOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
I. b 2. a . 3. c 4. a 5. a 6. c 7. b
207. SLEEP LOSS
1. d 2. d 3. c 4. d 5. b 225. ESCAPE OF A KILLER VIRUS
l.c 2.d 3.b 4.c 5.a 6.b 7.a
208. DANGEROUS 'WASTE
l. b 2. c 3. d 4. a 5. b

209. LET YOUR MIND WANDER

1. c 2. d 3. b 4. d 5. a

210. THE BEAUTY OF NUMBERS

I. a 2. c 3. d 4. c 5. d 6. b

22
 ' ""· --

APPENDIX A: Connectors 80. a 90.a 100. a 110. c

1. c 11. b 21. c 81. c 91. d 101. d 111. b
2. b 12.d 22.c 82.d 92.c 102. b 112. a
3.a 13. c 23. b 83.b · 93. c 103.a 113.c
4. a 14.c 24.a 84.d 94.d 104. b 114. d
5. b 15.a 25.d 85.a 95.c 105. b 115. b
6. b 16.a 26.a 86.c 96. c 106. d· 116.c
7. d 17. b 27.c 87.b 97.a 107. a 117. a
8.a 18.b 28. b 88.b 98.a 108. b 118. d
9. b 19.d 29.c 89.d 99.b 109.a 119.a
10. c 20.a 30.a 120.b 130.d 140.c 150.a 160. d.
31. Since I Because I As 121. c 131. c 141. b 151. b 161. b
32. such as 122.a 132. b 142.a 152.d l 62. a
33. so 123.d 133.d 143. b 153.b 163.c
34. Nevertheless I Nonetheless 124.b 134.b 144.c 154.d
I However 125.d 135.a 145.c 155.c
35. Thus I Therefore 126.c 136. c 146. d 156.a
36. however I on the other hand 127.d 137.d 147. b 157. b
37. Although 128.c 138.b 148. a 158.c
38. since I because I as 129.b 139.b 149.b 159.a
39. In addition I Furthermore
40. on the other hand I however
41. In addition I Furthermore APPENDIX C: Paragraph Completion
42. In spite of
4-J. However I Nevertheless 1. c 6.c 11. d 16.a
44. Nevertheless I However · 2. c 7.b 12.a 17.c
45. although 3.a 8.c 13.b 18. b
4. a 9.c 14.a
5. a 10. c 15.b
APPENDIX B: Logical Sequence
l. c 10.c . 20. d 30.d APPENDIX D: Supporting Ideas
2.d 1I. d 21. b 31. b
3. b 12. b 22.b 32. b I. b 2. b
4. b 13. a 23.c 33. b
5.c 14. d 24.a 34. b
6. b 15. b 25.d 35.a APPENDIX E: Shorter Text
7.d 16.d 26.a Comprehension
36.d
8. b 17. c 27.c 37.a I. c ·10. c 20. b 30.a
9.b 18.c 28.b 38. b 2.c 11. d 21. b 31. b
19.a 29.c 39.d 3.d 12.b 22.c 32.a .:1
4.b 13. a 23 .. d 33.c
40.a 50.d 60.a 70.c 5.a 14.b 24.a 34.b
4i. c 51. c 61. c 71. b 6. c 15.b 25.d 35.d
42.a 52. b 62.c 72. d 7. a 16.a 26.d
43.a 53.d 63.d 73. b 8.c 17.d 27.c
44. c 54.b 64. b 74.c 9.d 18.d 28.d
45. c 55. a 65.c 75. b 19.c 29. b
46. b 56.c 66. b 76.a
47.d 57. b 67.d 77.d
48.b 58. b 68.b 78.b
49. c 59.b 69. a 79.c
23