Worksheets

Geography
Chapter-1

Worksheet
A. Answer the following in one or few words.
1. The biotic component of the environment
2. The narrow zone where lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere meet
3. Environment including both biotic and abiotic components
4. The layer of the Earth that is held close to it by the force of gravity
5. The solid portion of the earth’s crust
B. State whether these statements are true or false.
1. The Earth is a home to only non-living beings.
2. The term Lithosphere means rocky crust.
3. Plant and animal kingdom are not dependent on the physical environment for survival.
4. Increasing population and consequent urbanization has led to environmental degradation.
5. Human environment consists of our natural surroundings.
C. Answer the following questions in one sentence.
1. Mention the importance of the atmosphere.
2. What do you mean by biotic components?
3. State one reason for environmental pollution.
4. What are the components of the ecosystem?
5. What do you mean by the term environment?
6. Give an example of an abiotic component of the environment.
D. Answer the following questions in your own words.
1. What is the importance of the Lithosphere?
2. What are the consequences of human development on the environment?
3. Distinguish between natural and human environment.
4. Discuss the relationship between environment and human beings.
5. What do you mean by an ecosystem?
Activity Time
Discuss the role of the following in checking environmental pollution. Note down the points and share your
thoughts in class.
• Your household help
• The sweepers in your locality
• The Resident’s Association
• The neighbours surrounding you
• You, as a part of your neighbourhood
 Answer Key to the Worksheet
A. 1. Living things 2. Biosphere 3. Ecosystem 4. Atmosphere 5. Lithosphere
B. 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F
C. 1. It protects us from the harmful rays of the sun.
2. All living things like plants, animals and human beings
3. Deforestation is one of the causes of environmental pollution.
4. The ecosystem consists of the physical environment and plant and animal life in each zone of the biosphere.
5. Environment is the surroundings or living conditions of all forms of life on Earth.
6. Lithosphere is one of the abiotic components of the environment.
D. 1. Lithosphere provides forests, grasslands, soil and land on which we live and build our homes. We also get
minerals and oil from it.
2. Construction, agriculture, mining, transportation and overpopulation are adversely affecting the natural
environment. The changes are taking place so rapidly that nature is not able to repair the damage. Global
warming, extinction of a large number of plants, animals and birds, and pollution of air and water are some
of the consequences of technological advancement and consequent harm done to the environment.
3. The natural environment comprises of all living and non-living things that occur naturally on Earth. It is the
interaction and interrelation between human beings and all the other living forms. Natural environment
may be biotic or abiotic. Human environment refers to everything created by man like roads, buildings and
bridges. It also refers to all human activities like mining, agriculture and manufacturing.
4. Human beings are an important component of the environment. They adapt themselves to the environment
and their actions also have an influence on their surroundings. The interaction between human beings and
their environment changes with place and time.
5. The biosphere is made up of separate zones in which each zone has its own physical environment and
plant and animal life. This is called an ecosystem.
 Geography
Chapter-2

Worksheet
A. Answer the following in one or few words.
1. The depth of the Earth
2. Rock holding a high percentage of a particular mineral
3. The other name given to igneous rocks
4. The layer below the mantle
5. The solid outermost layer of the Earth
B. State whether these statements are true or false.
1. The depth of the core is about 2,900 km.
2. The word igneous has been derived from a German word.
3. Metamorphic rocks are hard as they do not have empty space in them.
4. Sedimentary rocks are softer than igneous rocks.
5. The Earth is composed of uniform material.
C. Answer the following questions in one sentence.
1. Mention any one use of rocks.
2. What changes the igneous and sedimentary rocks to form metamorphic rocks?
3. Why are sedimentary rocks also known as stratified rocks?
4. What are rocks made up of?
5. What are the components of the core of the earth?
D. Answer the following questions in your own words.
1. How are sedimentary rocks formed?
2. Distinguish between sial and sima.
3. Discuss about the mantle of the Earth.
4. What are extrusive igneous rocks?
5. What is the difference between rocks and minerals.
Activity Time
Label the given diagram.

Search for Answers

Use the internet to search for information to answer the given questions.
1. Though the temperature of the core of the Earth is very high, yet it is solid. Why is it so?
2. Why are extrusive igneous rocks fine-grained?
 Answer Key to the Worksheet
A. 1. 2,900 km 2. Ore 3. Primary rocks 4. Core 5. Crust
B. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F
C. 1. Rocks are important sources of minerals. (Accept any other use given by the students)
2. The change occurs due to volcanic activity, movements of the Earth’s crust or due to heat and pressure
deep inside the Earth.
3. They are also called stratified rocks as deposition takes place in layers.
4. Rocks are made up of minerals.
5. The core of the Earth is made up of nickel and iron.
D. 1. The various agents of erosion constantly break down the igneous rocks on the Earth’s surface into smaller
fragments called ‘sediments’.
The sediments of different sizes ranging from gravel to sand, clay and silt, are usually transported by rivers
and deposited on the floors of oceans, seas and lakes. Due to heavy pressure, they get compressed and
cemented together resulting in the formation of sedimentary rocks.
2. Sial is the uppermost layer of the continental crust made up of silica and aluminium. Sima is the lower layer
made up of silica and magnesium.
3. Mantle is the middle layer of the Earth. It consists of iron and magnesium and is about 2900 km thick. It
lies beneath the crust. Magma is found in the mantle.
4. Magma comes out to the surface of the Earth during volcanic eruption, cools rapidly and solidifies to form
small crystals of extrusive igneous rocks.
5. Rocks are formed when mineral particles collect together as a solid mass. They may be hard or soft. They
do not have any fixed chemical composition. Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances with a
definite chemical composition.
Activity Time
Crust
Mantle
Outer core
Inner core
 Geography
Chapter-3

Worksheet
A. Answer the following in one or few words
1. The supercontinent that existed millions of years ago
2. German meteorologist who explained the shifting of continents
3. Volcanoes that erupt frequently
4. The place of origin of an earthquake
5. The circular belt of world’s active volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean
B. State whether these statements are true or false.
1. Fold mountains are generally flat.
2. Mt Vesuvius in Italy is a dorment volcano.
3. A seismograph measures volcanic intensity.
4. The magma that reaches the Earth’s surface is called lava.
5. Folding leads to formation of volcanoes.
C. Answer the following questions in one sentence.
1. What do you mean by faults?
2. What are tectonic plates?
3. How are mountains build?
4. What is a Richter scale?
5. What is a vent of a volcano?
6. What are the two types of forces that lead to the movement of the lithospheric plates causing changes on
the surface of the Earth?
D. Answer the following questions in your own words.
1. Explain how an earthquake is caused.
2. Differentiate between the three types of earthquake waves.
3. Write about the different types of volcanoes.
4. Explain the theory of plate tectonics.
5. What are the results of volcanic eruptions?
Activity Time
Label the following diagrams.

1. 2.
Plate Plate

Search for Answers

Use the internet to search for information to answer the given questions.
“Himalayan region is prone to earthquakes.” Justify the statement.
 Answer Key to the Worksheet
A. 1. Pangea 2. Alfred Wegener 3. Active volcanoes 4. Focus 5. Pacific Ring of Fire
B. 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F
C. 1. Faults are the cracks that develop in the Earth’s crust when two lithospheric plates move apart from each
other.
2. The lithosphere is broken into many slabs or plates called tectonic plates.
3. Mountains are build due to the movement of the lithospheric plates.
4. Richter scale is the scale of measurement to measure the intensity of an Earthquake.
5. Vent is the passage in a valcano through which lava travels.
6. Endogenic and exegenic forces lead to the movement of lithospheric plates.
D. 1. An earthquake is a sudden vibration or tremor felt on the surface of the Earth caused due to a volcanic
action or disturbances beneath the crust. Pressure builds up between the lithospheric plates when they
collide or rub against each other. This results in shaking of the plates and vibration on the surface of the
Earth leading to an earthquake. These vibrations can be mild or extensive and severe.
2. Primary waves are longitudinal in nature. They travel faster than other waves and can pass through solids,
liquids and gases.
Secondary waves move at right angles to the direction of travel. They are slower than P waves and can
only pass through solids. These waves produce a strong shaking action and vibration.
Surface waves are the most destructive waves. They travel along the surface of the Earth and are slower
than any other wave.
3. Active Volcanoes: Volcanoes that keep erupt­ing frequently or which have erupted recently are called active
volcanoes. They throw out lava, ashes, gases and pieces of rocks, and are also called living volcanoes. Mt
Etna and Mt Stromboli in Italy are examples of active volcanoes.
Dormant Volcanoes: Volcanoes that have become quiet after erupting or have not erupted for a long time
are called dormant volcanoes. They are also called sleeping volcanoes and may erupt sometime in future.
Mt Mauna Kea in Hawaii and Mt Vesuvius in Italy are examples of dormant volcanoes.
Extinct Volcanoes: Extinct or dead volcanoes have not erupted for hundreds of years and there is no
possibility of their eruption in future. Mt Kilimanjaro in Africa and Mt Warning in Australia are examples of
extinct volcanoes.
4. The Earth’s lithosphere is broken into many slabs or plates known as lithospheric or tectonic plates. These
plates float on the soft layer of the mantle. They move at a very slow speed, just a few millimetres every
year. The internal heat of the Earth provides them with the energy to move. As the plates move, they push,
pull, sink, bend and break, which over millions of years has created the major landforms of the Earth. Plate
movements especially at the margins cause volcanoes and earthquakes.
5. A volcanic mountain is formed when fierce volcanic eruptions take place repeatedly. Mt Fuji in Japan is
an example of a volcanic mountain. Quiet volcanic eruptions form plateaus and plains as in case of Deccan
Plateau in India.
Activity Time

Crater Lava

1. 2. Crust
Plate Plate

Divergent Convergent Transform

Mantle Vent
Magma chamber
 Geography
Chapter-4

Worksheet
A. Answer the following in one or few words.
1. Process involving degeneration and disintegration of rocks
2. Triangular-shaped land formed between distributaries
3. River of snow and ice
4. Fine mineral-rich particles found as deposition in deserts
5. Circular loops left behind when a meander is cut off
B. State whether these statements are true or false.
1. A river forms a waterfall in the mountains.
2. Flood plains are formed by glaciers.
3. Moraines are deposits of glaciers.
4. The middle course of a river is found in the plains.
5. Beaches are formed due to action of sea water.
C. Answer the following questions in one sentence.
1. What are snowfields?
2. How is a waterfall formed?
3. What is erosion?
4. What are the three important agents of erosion?
5. Name the largest delta of the world?
6. What is marine erosion?
D. Answer the following questions in your own words.
1. Distinguish between aggradation and degradation.
2. Which landforms are formed due to deposition of river?
3. Differentiate between meanders and oxbow lakes.
4. What are lagoons? How are they formed?
5. How are mushroom rocks formed?
Activity Time
Prepare a chart, comparing in the columns the various features of depositional landforms formed by glaciers, and
erosional running water and wind.
 Answer Key to the Worksheet
A. 1. Weathering 2. Delta 3. Glacier 4. Loess 5. Oxbow lakes
B. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T
C. 1. Areas of accumulated snow are called snowfields.
2. A waterfall is formed when a cascade of water falls from a great height over a steep valley side.
3. The removal of the top layer of the soil along with weatherd rocks by the action of wind, water, sea waves
and moving ice is called erosion.
4. Wind, water (running) and glacier are important agents of erosion.
5. Sunderban Delta is the largest delta in the world.
6. The shaping of coastal landforms due to erosion by sea waves is called marine erosion.
D. 1. Aggradation – Increase in height of a landform
Degradation – Decrease in height of a landform
2. Meanders, flood plains, oxbow lakes, deltas, natural leeves
3. A meander is simply a bend in a slow–moving river.
A meander that is left behind in the form of a circular loop cut off from the main channel is called an
oxbow lake.
4. Sometimes sediments present in sea water get deposited as long and narrow bars on the sea bed near the
coast. These are called sand bars. As these sand bars become big and cut off a part of the sea from the
main water body, the enclosed part of the sea forms a salt water lake called a lagoon.
5. Wind blows at a fast rate in deserts because of lack of vegetation. Since there is no moisture in a desert,
rock fragments lie loose and the wind is able to carry them easily. Since the wind is unable to carry rocky
materials high in the air, it erodes the lower base of the rocks more than the upper part. Therefore, the
rocks are left with narrow bases and wider tops and resemble mushrooms. Such rocks are called mushroom
rocks, rock pedestals or perched rocks. Mushroom rocks are common in Sahara. These can also be formed
due to glacial action and rain.
 Geography
Chapter-5

Worksheet
A. Answer the following in one or few words.
1. The two main gases present in the atmosphere
2. The envelope of air surrounding the earth
3. The uppermost layer of the atmosphere
4. The gas that protects us from the ultra-violet rays of the sun
5. Increase of CO2 in the atmosphere leads to
6. The layer above the troposphere
B. State whether these statements are true or false.
1. Atmospheric pressure decreases with height.
2. The thermosphere merges with the outer space.
3. The troposphere is the densest part of the atmosphere.
4. There is abundance of atmosphere in space.
C. Answer the following questions in one sentence.
1. What is stratopause?
2. Why is carbon dioxide important?
3. What is the ozonosphere?
4. Name the five concentric layers of the atmosphere.
5. How does mesosphere protect the Earth from meteors?
D. Answer the following questions in your own words.
1. Why is atmosphere important to us?
2. Why are nitrogen and oxygen important?
3. Write the chief characteristics of the thermosphere.
4. What causes global warming?
Activity Time
Draw a diagram of the various layers of the atmosphere and label them.
Search for Answers
Use the internet to search for information to answer the given questions.
1. Jet planes fly at the lower level of the stratosphere. Justify.
2. Over population has led to global warming. Justify.
3. Plants help in maintaining the balance of gases in the atmosphere. Justify.
 Answer Key to the Worksheet
A. 1. Nitrogen and oxygen 2. Atmosphere 3. Exosphere 4. Ozone
5. Greenhouse effect 6. Stratosphere
B. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F
C. 1. The narrow boundary that separates the stratosphere from mesosphere is called stratopause.
2. Carbon dioxide is important because it absorbs the heat given out from the surface of the Earth and keeps
it warm.
3. The lower layer in the stratosphere that contains high concentration of ozone gas is called ozonosphere.
4. Troposphere, stratosphere, exosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere.
5. Meteors from outer space burn up in this layer due to friction with the atmosphere.
D. 1. It provides the necessary gases for survival, regulates the temperature and protects us from the harmful
ultraviolet rays.
2. Nitrogen aids in plant growth and oxygen is needed for survival of all living creatures.
3. It lies above the mesosphere, extends between 80 to 450 km above the earth’s sunface and the temperature
increases with height in this layer. The lower part of this layer has ions and is called ionosphere. This layer
helps in long distance wireless and satellite communication.
4. Excess of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere prevents the heat from the Earth to escape. This trapping of
heat leads to global warming and raises the temperature of the Earth’s surface.
Activity Time
Exosphere

450 km

Thermosphere

85 km

Mesosphere

50 km

Stratosphere Ozone Layer

10 km

Troposphere
 Geography
Chapter-6

Worksheet
A. Answer the following in one or few words.
1. Instrument used to measure temperature
2. The hottest zone that receives vertical rays of the sun
3. Instrument used to measure air pressure
4. The name used for air in motion
5. Winds that blow from high pressure belts to low pressure belts constantly
6. A large collection of tiny condensed droplets of water
B. State whether these statements are true or false.
1. The earth is divided into three distinct zones depending on the amount of heat received.
2. There are two types of rainfall—convectional and cyclonic.
3. Rain is a form of precipitation.
4. Coastal areas are not influenced by sea breezes.
5. Winds that change their direction in different seasons are called variable winds.
6. Temperature depends on various factors like latitude, altitude and distance from the sea.
C. Answer the following questions in one sentence.
1. Name two winds which affect local regions only.
2. Why are the places near the equator warmer than the places away from it?
3. What is saturated air?
4. Which pressure belt is also called doldrums?
5. Define the term front.
D. Answer the following questions in your own words.
1. What are cyclones?
2. What is the difference between local and periodic winds?
3. List the various pressure belts found on the surface of the earth.
4. What are the different types of winds found on the earth?
5. Define seasonal winds.
Activity Time
Draw and label the diagrams of the heat zones and the pressure and wind belts.
Search for Answers
Use the internet to search for information to answer the given questions.
1. “Equatorial low is the term awarded permanently to the areas around the equator.” Justify.
2. Why are the tropical coastal regions more prone to cyclones?
 Answer Key to the Worksheet
A. 1. Thermometer 2. Torrid zone 3. Aneroid barometer 4. Wind
5. Planetary/Prevailing/Permanent winds 6. Cloud
B. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F 6. T
C. 1. Chinook, Foehn, Harmattan (Any two)
2. The rays of the sun become more and more slanting as they move towards the poles because of the
curvature of the Earth. Thus, places near the equator are warmer than the places away from the equator.
3. This air which contains the maximum amount of water vapour that it can hold at a certain temperature is called
saturated air.
4. Equatorial low pressure belt is called doldrums.
5. The plane where cold and warm wind meet is called front.
D. 1. Cyclones are areas of low pressure surrounded by high pressure with strong winds blowing in a spiral
motion around the centre.
2. Certain winds change their direction according to seasons and are called periodic winds whereas local
winds blow over small areas for a short period of time.
3. Equatorial low pressure, sub-tropical high pressure, sub–polar low pressure and polar high pressure.
4. Permanent or planetary winds, seasonal or periodic winds and local or variable winds.
5. Certain winds change their direction in different seasons or periodically. They are known as periodic or
seasonal winds.
Activity Time
Heat zones
North Pole

Frigid
Arctic Circle 66½°N

Temperate
Tropic of 23½°N
Cancer
Torrid
Equator 0°
Torrid
Tropic of 23½°S
Capricorn
Temperate
Antarctic 66½°S
Circle Frigid

South Pole
Pressure and wind belts
North Pole
Polar High

Sub-polar Low 60°N

Sub-tropical High (Horse Latitudes) 30°N

Equatorial Low (Doldrums) 0°

Sub-tropical High (Horse Latitudes) 30°S

Sub-polar Low 60°S

Polar High
South Pole
 Geography
Chapter-7

Worksheet
A. Answer the following in one or few words.
1. Presence of salt in water
2. The rhythmic and continuous rise and fall of ocean water
3. Very high tides occurring during full Moon day
4. The highest point of a wave
5. Another name for low tide
B. State whether these statements are true or false.
1. The total amount of water on the earth’s surface remains constant.
2. Water containing less salt is called saline water.
3. The largest ocean of the world is Pacific Ocean.
4. Indian ocean is the warmest of all oceans.
5. The lowest point of a wave is called crest.
C. Answer the following questions in one sentence.
1. What are drifts?
2. What are the two types of ocean crurrents?
3. What is water cycle?
4. What percentage of oceans covers the earth’s surface?
5. Which is the smallest ocean of the world?
D. Answer the following questions in your own words.
1. What does salinity of water depend upon?
2. Mention two ways in which tides are useful to us?
3. Define wave height.
4. Discuss the importance of ocean currents.
5. What is the difference between warm and cold ocean currents?
Activity Time
1. Draw a well-labelled diagram of formation of waves.
2. Prepare a news report on the latest cyclone that hit Orissa. Discuss its impact in detail.
 Answer Key to the Worksheet
A. 1. Salinity 2. Wave 3. Spring/High tides 4. Crest 5. Ebb tide
B. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F
C. 1. Broad and slow-moving ocean currents are called drifts.
2. Warm currents and cold currents
3. Continuous cyclical movement of water from surface of the Earth to the atmosphere and back again is
called water cycle.
4. 70% of the earth’s surface is covered by oceans.
5. The Arctic Ocean is the smallest ocean of the world.
D. 1. Salinity of ocean water depends on a number of factors like rate of evaporation, amount of precipitation,
atmospheric pressure, direction of wind, movement of sea water and the amount of freshwater added to
the ocean by rivers.
2. Tides affect the depth and currents of water in and around coastal areas helping in navigation. They also
help in removing silt deposition from the mouth of rivers.
3. Wave height is the vertical distance between a crest and a trough.
4. Ocean currents affect the climate and the life of people of the coastal regions in many ways.
(i) They affect the temperature of coastal areas. Places from which cold currents pass are colder than
places from which warm currents pass.
(ii) They affect the rainfall of a place. Winds passing over warm currents collect moisture and bring rainfall
over the coastal areas that they pass through. Winds passing over cold currents are cool and dry and
do not bring rainfall with them.
(iii) Places where warm and cold currents meet create ideal conditions for the growth of planktons which
are a source of food for fish. Thus, a large population of fish is found here.
(iv) Ocean currents help in navigation. Ships that sail in the direction of the currents move faster, saving
time and fuel.
5. Warm ocean currents originate near the equator and move towards the poles. These currents raise the
temperature of the coasts where they flow. Cold ocean currents originate from the polar regions and flow
towards the tropical and equatorial regions. These currents lower the temperature of the coasts along which
they flow.
Activity Time
Direction of Crest Crest Backwash of
the wave previous wave
Wave length

Wave
height
Shore

Breaking wave
Trough
 Geography
Chapter-8

Worksheet
A. Answer the following in one or few words.
1. Plant life of an area that grows without human interference
2. Large areas of land covered with trees and thick undergrowth
3. Naturally occuring community of flora and fauna occupying a particular habitat
4. Another name for tropical deciduous forests
5. Name given to the plants found in the deserts
B. State whether these statements are true or false.
1. Short bushy plants in deserts are known as cactus.
2. Tropical grasslands in Africa are called savannah.
3. Deciduous trees shed their leaves in spring.
4. Oranges, olives and figs are found in Mediterranean regions.
5. The temperate grasslands are found in the mid-latitudes in both hemispheres.
C. Answer the following questions in one sentence.
1. What is a tundra vegetation?
2. Discuss about the extent of the tropical grasslands.
3. Define natural vegetation.
4. What are prairies?
5. Where are tropical evergreen forests found?
6. Define the term forests.
D. Answer the following questions in your own words.
1. Discuss the characteristics of the vegetation found in tropical deciduous forests.
2. Distinguish between forests and grasslands.
3. What are the features of coniferous trees?
4. Why are temperate grasslands suitable for sheep and cattle rearing?
5. What is the vegetation of a desert?
Activity Time
Prepare a project on the various animals you find in your country. Mention their adaptive features and their natural
habitat.
 Answer Key to the Worksheet
A. 1. Natural vegetation 2. Forests 3. Biome 4. Monsoon forests 5. Xerophytes
B. 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T
C. 1. Small shrubs, mosses, lichens, grasses and small trees.
2. They extend on both sides of the equator up to the tropics.
3. Natural vegetation of an area refers to the plant life that grows there without any human interference.
4. Prairies are the grasslands in North-America.
5. Tropical evergreen forests are found in hot and humid areas close to the equator and the tropics.
6. Forests are large areas of land which are covered with trees and thick undergrowth.
D. 1. The trees here are of medium height and they shed their leaves in the dry season to conserve water.
Sunlight reaches the ground in these forests and hence shrubs and bushes also grow here. The hardwood
trees found here are teak, bamboo, eucalyptus, shisham, sal, sandalwood and neem. They are extremely
useful for making furniture, vehicles and construction material.
2. Forests are covered with trees and thick undergrowth while grasslands are flat open areas where grass is
the dominant vegetation.
3. They are tall and cone-shaped with straight trunks and narrow needle-like leaves.
4. Since short and nutritious grasses grow here, these grass­lands are suitable for sheep and cattle rear­ing.
5. It is sparse and consists of thorny bushes, cactii, acacia and coarse grasses. A few date palms grow around
the oases.
 Goegraphy
Chapter-9

Worksheet
A. Answer the following in one or few words.
1. The highest roadways of the world
2. Places where people build their homes and live as a community
3. Centres of military activities
4. The railway line running through Western Ghats
5. Cities and towns where the government performs its functions
B. State whether these statements are true or false.
1. Airways are the cheapest mode of transport.
2. National highways are named differently in various countries of the world.
3. Linear settlements develop in a circle around water points.
4. Radio is a means of mass communication.
5. Definite routes have to be made for waterways.
C. Answer the following questions in one sentence.
1. Name three famous industrial towns of India.
2. What is the difference between a subway and a flyover?
3. What is a rural settlement?
4. Mention one use of railways.
5. What is the difference between domestic and international airlines?
6. Which is the longest railway line in the world?
D. Answer the following questions in your own words.
1. List the various towns under urban settlement.
2. Distinguish between waterways and roadways.
3. What are the advantages of airways?
4. What do you mean by communication? What are the two modes of communication?
5. Which is the busiest sea route in the world and why?
Activity Time
Draw and differentiate between patterns of rural settlements.
Search for Answers
Use the internet to search for information to answer the given questions.
1. Houses in plains are structurally different than those built in hilly areas. Give examples to justify.
2. What is the reason for the growth of settlements near water bodies?
 Answer Key to the Worksheet
A. 1. Manali-Leh highway 2. Settlements 3. Defence towns 4. Konkan railway line
5. Administrative towns
B. 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F
C. 1. Jamshedpur, Bokaro, Rourkela
2. Roads built underground are called subways or underpasses while roads built at an elevation from the
ground level are called flyovers.
3. Rural settlements are the settlements found in villages.
4. We can carry bulky goods at a cheaper rate in railways.
5. Domestic airlines carry passengers and cargo within a country while international airlines carry goods and
passengers from one country to another.
6. The Trans Siberian railway which is 9289 km long is the longest railway line in the world.
D. 1. The towns under urban settlement are listed below.
• Administrative towns
• Industrial towns
• Cultural and religious towns
• Defence towns
• Residential towns
• Port and mining towns
2. Roadways are the most widespread and universal modes of transport to carry goods and passengers over
short distances on plains. Waterways are used to move from one place to another through water bodies.
We need to make routes for roadways while waterways use natural routes like rivers and seas.
3. Airways are the fastest means of transport and can reach remote and inaccessible areas.
4. The process of conveying and receiving information is called communication. The two types of communication
are personal and mass communication.
5. The North Atlantic is the busiest sea route as the areas around it are densely populated and highly
industrialized. It connects western Europe with USA and Canada.
Activity Time
Scattered settlement Linear settlement
Compact settlement

Radial settlement Circular settlement

 Goegraphy
Chapter-10

Worksheet
A. Answer the following in one or few words.
1. The climatic zone lying between 20-30° latitudes
2. A kind of flesh-eating fish found in the Amazon river
3. Forests found in the delta region of Brahmaputra plain
4. The common food of the Amazon basin
5. The large apartment-like houses of the Amazon basin with steep, slanting roofs
B. State whether these statements are true or false.
1. Columbia falls within the Ganga Amazon basin.
2. The Ganga-Brahmaputra basin is a part of the great northern plains.
3. Balsa trees are found in the Amazon basin.
4. Terrace farming is common in plains.
5. Amazon basin experiences hot, wet equatorial climate.
C. Answer the following questions in one sentence.
1. List six animals found in the Amazon basin.
2. Which plateau is located to the south of the Amazon basin?
3. What is anaconda and where is it found?
4. From where does river Ganga originate?
5. What is polluting the water of river Ganga and Brahmaputra?
6. What sort of a climate does the Ganga-Brahmaputra basin experience?
D. Answer the following questions in your own words.
1. Name the major crops grown in the Ganga-Brahmaputra basin.
2. Discuss the various economic activities performed in the Amazon basin.
3. Discuss the climate of the Amazon basin.
4. Why is the development of transport inadequate in the Amazon basin?
5. Discuss the course of river Brahmaputra in India.
Activity Time
Write a short essay comparing the life of the people of Amazon and Ganga basin under the following heads:
• Population
• Economy
Search for Answers
Use the internet to search for information to answer the given questions.
1. “The wetter parts of the Tropical regions have houses build differently.” Justify.
2. The Ganga is now considered to be an endangered river, what steps can be taken to protect it.
3. Economically the Amazon basin is improving–Give reasons.
 Answer Key to the Worksheet
A. 1. subtropical region 2. piranha 3. Sunderbans 4. Tapioca 5. Maloca
B. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T
C. 1. Monkeys, sloths, pumas, jaguars, anacondas, tapirs, armadillos, etc.
2. Brazillian Highlands
3. Anaconda is the largest snake in the world and it is found in the Amazon forests.
4. River Ganga originates in the Himalayas from the Gangotri glacier.
5. Sewage water, chemical fertilizers and pesticides used in agriculture and industrial waste flowing into the
rivers are polluting the rivers.
6. It experiences monsoon type of climate.
D. 1. Wheat, rice, pulses, maize, oilseeds, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, fruits and vegetables
2. Economic activities of Amazon basin include hunting, fishing, food-gathering, agriculture and mining in
certain areas.
3. It is hot and wet throughout the year. The temperature ranges between 25°–30°. There is high humidity and
it is extremely rainy.
4. The dense forests and swampy grounds hamper the development of transport in Amazon.
5. River Brahmaputra originates from lake Mansarovar in Tibet, enters India through Arunachal Pradesh and
flows through Assam and West Bengal. Finally it meets Ganga in Bangladesh.
 Geography
Chapter-11

Worksheet
A. Answer the following in one or few words.
1. The vast stretches of sand in Sahara
2. Nomadic tribes of a hot desert
3. Another name for Buddhist monasteries
4. Special wool obtained from goats to make shawls in Ladakh
5. The place where the highest temperature in the world has been recorded
B. State whether these statements are true or false.
1. The hot deserts are found in the tropical regions.
2. Oasis are found in cold deserts.
3. Ladakh recieves scanty rainfall.
4. The farmers in Sahara deserts are called fellahin.
5. Cairo is the largest city and capital of Ladakh.
C. Answer the following questions in one sentence.
1. Which is the capital of ladakh?
2. What is baobab?
3. What sort of population do we have in deserts?
4. Name some fruits grown in the cold deserts.
6. Name two important passes of Ladakh.
D. Answer the following questions in your own words.
1. Discuss the climatic conditions of Ladakh.
2. Why is Sahara cited as the largest hot desert of the world?
3. What does the government organize in June in Ladakh every year and why?
4. Discuss the transport system in Sahara desert.
5. Why is the road transport system not good in Ladakh?
Activity Time
Prepare a poster showing the wildlife and natural vegetation of a hot desert and a cold desert. Compare them and
discuss the differences in class.
 Answer Key to the Worksheet
A. 1. Erg/Shifting dunes 2. Tuaregs/Bedouins 3. Gompas
4. Pashmina 5. Al Azizia in Libya
B. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F
C. 1. Leh is the capital of Ladakh.
2. It is a tree grown in hot deserts.
3. Deserts are sparsely populated.
4. Apples, walnuts, apricots, strawberries and melons
5. Karakoram and Zoji La are important passes in Ladakh.
D. 1. Ladakh is dry and covered with snow through greater part of the year. The weather is cold and bleak.
2. Sahara makes up nearly 10% of the African continent covering an area of about 8.54 million square kilometre.
Thus, it is often cited as the largest hot desert of the world.
3. The government organizes Sindhu Festival in June every year to attract tourists. People from all over the
world visit Ladakh to see the monasteries, for trekking and to enjoy the festival.
4. Camel is the most important mode of transport. Trucks are recently being used in some places. There are
inland waterways and caravans are being replaced by motorways. Airways have also become popular.
5. It is difficult to develop a good road transport system in Ladakh as it is a mountainous region. Thus, there
are very few good roads in this region.