Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region V
SCHOOLS Division ofFICE OF Camarines Sur

Earth and Life Science 11/12

Name : ______________________________________________ Quarter: 1st Week : 2

Grade Level/Section: _________________________________ Date: _______________________

ROCKS AND MINERALS

I. Introductory Concept
Rocks make up the Earth's solid structure. We live on the planet's rocky surface, eat
weathered detritus produced from rocks, and get nearly all our raw ingredients. Minerals, on the
other hand, are the raw materials that makeup rocks. Minerals, like rocks, are valuable natural
resources.

Rock formations enhance the natural scenery. These characteristics result from exogenic
processes, a set of geologic events near the Earth's surface. Through natural agents such as wind,
water, and ice, these processes break rocks into smaller pieces and transfer them to lower areas.
They chisel and change the shape of rocks together, resulting in unique formations.

II.Learning Skills/Competency
 Identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties
(S11/12ES-1a-9)
 Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic (S11/12ES-Ib-10).
 Explain how the weathering products are carried away by erosion and deposited elsewhere
(S11/12ES-1b-12).

III.Activities
Activity 1- Sugar or Salt?
Sugar and salt must be very familiar to you. Study their pictures below and answer the
questions that follow. Write your answer in your notebook.

table sugar table salt

Guide Questions:
1. In what ways are sugar and salt similar?

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 2. In what ways are sugar and salt different?
3. Are sugar and salt both minerals? Explain your answer.
4. Based on your answer in number 3, how do you define a mineral?

Activity 2: Rock Around the Rock Cycle

Part 1: Minerals, like salt, composed rocks. The types of rocks change with time. Discover how
these changes occur by rocking around the rock cycle. Read each group of sentences
below and fill in the blanks with the appropriate words. Write the comment in the
corresponding blank.

Part 2: Using the completed diagram, how are igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic
rocks formed? __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

Part 3: Applying what you have learned in the rock cycle, answer the following questions:

1. A rock has traces of plant and animal remains. What is the classification of this rock?
a. igneous b. sedimentary c. metamorphic d. none of them

2. What type of rock can turn into metamorphic rock?

a. igneous only c. metamorphic only
b. sedimentary only d. any type of rock

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3. What process is involved in the formation of sedimentary rocks?
a. When lava cools and hardens, it becomes a rock.
b. Magma trapped under the Earth's surface cools and solidifies.
c. Layers of sand and gravel form, and pressure causes them to convert into rock.
d. Extreme heat and pressure from inside the Earth turn rocks into new rocks.

4. Huge and dark-colored boulders are found along the areas near Mayon Volcano in
Albay. Into what classification of rock would these large chunks of rock probably fall?
a. igneous b. sedimentary c. metamorphic d. none of them

5. Marble is a common decorative rock usually seen in concrete structures. It is formed by

recrystallization of carbonate minerals under the influence of heat and pressure. What is the
classification of marble?
a. igneous b. sedimentary c. metamorphic d. none of them

Activity 3: Rocks everywhere!

Study the beautiful landscape and answer the questions that follow.

1. What rock fragments or particles do you see?

2. What forces in the environment created them?
3. How did the rock fragments or particles reach this location?

IV.References
1. Papa, R.D, et al. (2016). Earth and Life Science, Knowing and Understanding Nature.
Abiva Publishing House, Inc. Araneta Ave., Quezon City
2. Petersen, J.F., et al (2016). Earth and Life Sciences. Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines
3. Salandanan, G., Faltado, R. and Lopez, M. (2016) Earth and Life Sciences For Senior
High School (Core Subject). Lorimar Publishing, Inc. Quezon City, Metro Manila.
4. Glencoe McGraw-Hill (n.d.). Science Voyages, Exploring the Life, Earth, and Physical
Sciences. Florida Edition, Level Blue.

Prepared by: JONI S. ABORDE FRANCES C. MORALES

Writer Illustrator
Quality Assured by:
EMILY B. ESMABE
Education Program Supervisor-1, Science
Address: Freedom Sports Complex, San Jose, Pili, Camarines Sur
Email: deped.camsur@deped.gov.ph
Website: www.depedcamsur.com
Telephone No.: (telefax) 8713340

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ANSWER KEY

Activity 1. Sugar or Salt?

1. Sugar and salt are similar in color, streak, and crystal structure.
2. Sugar and salt differ in luster, hardness, and chemical composition.
3. No. Only salt is a mineral. Sugar is not a mineral because it comes from a
plant, a living organism. Therefore, sugar is organic.
4. A mineral is a substance with the following characteristic:
a. naturally-occurring,
b. inorganic (not coming from living matter),
c. with definite chemical composition, and
d. with a crystalline structure.

Activity 2. Rock Around the Rock Cycle

Part 1 (Order may vary for 3 and 4 and for 7 and 8)
1. magma 7. compacted
2. cools 8. cemented
3. heat 9. high
4. pressure 10. solid
5. buried 11. weathering
6. deposits 12. erosion

Part 2
Igneous rocks are formed when melted rock cools and then hardens.
Sedimentary rocks are formed when layers of sediment are pressed together.
Metamorphic rocks are formed when pressure and/or heat changes rock.

Part 3
1. b 2. d 3. c 4. a 5. C

Activity 3. Rocks Everywhere!

Possible answers.
1. Rock fragments/particles – boulders, sand, soil, stones
2. These rock fragments/particles are formed through the process of
weathering caused by varying temperatures and pressures, action of
chemicals and effect of some biological processes.
3. Rock particles reach the location due to the combined forces of water,
gravity, and wind through the processes of erosion and deposition.