STD IX GEOGRAPHY CH.

EARTH’S STRUCTURE TOTAL MKS: 35

Q.1. Answer the following: -

1. Define hydrosphere? (1)
An: Parts of the earth’s crust that are immersed under the oceans and seas is called hydrosphere.

2. Define seismic waves? (1)

An: Earthquake waves that are in the form of P-waves, S-waves and L-waves are called seismic waves.

3. What is Gutenberg discontinuity? (2)

An: Tb page 34.

4. Name the various sources of the interior of the earth? (3)

An: Our knowledge of the interior of the earth comes not from the excavations and explorations of the interior parts of the earth but –
• From the study of the seismic waves.
• Materials thrown up by the volcanoes.
• The evidences from the theories of the origin of the earth.

Q.2. Based on the second layer of the earth, answer the following:-
1. What is the second layer of the earth? (1)
An: The second layer of the earth is called Mantle or the Barysphere.

2. Name its two parts? (1)

An: The mantle is divided into upper mantle and the lower mantle.

3. What is the average temperature in this layer? (1)

An: The average temperature in the mantle is between 10000C to 37000C.

4. State the extent of both the parts? (2)

• An: The upper mantle extends from the Moho Discontinuity to a depth of 700km.
• The lower mantle extends from 700 km to 2900 km.

5. What is asthenosphere? (1)

An: At the depth of around 100-410 kms, the mantle is partially molten and is known as asthenosphere.

6.Lower Mantle is solid. Give reason. (1)

An: Lower Mantle is solid due to high presuure.

Q.3.Answer the following: -

1. Label the given numbers: - (8)
1 – Outer core.
2 – Crust.
3 – Mantle.
4 – Continental crust.
5 – Inner core.
6 – Asthenosphere.
7 – Oceanic crust.
8 – Crust/ Lithosphere.

2. State chemical composition of earth’s structure? (4)

An: Tb page 33.

3. What are magma chambers? (1)

An: The hollow spaces between the rocks where magma collects deep inside the earth and remains in a fluid state is called magma
chamber.
4. Draw a neat labeled diagram showing the chemical composition of the crust? (2)

5. What suggests that the earth’s crust undergoes structural changes?

An: The Theory of Continental Drift put forward by Wegener in the early 20 th century and the Theory of Plate Tectonics put forth in
1960s suggest that the earth’s crust undergoes structural changes.

Q.4. Give reasons: - (5)

1. Meteors help the scientists to study about the interiors of the earth.
An: Meteors help the scientists to study about the interiors of the earth as the earth is said to be constituted of the same materials as the
meteorites.

2. The inner core is in solid state.

An: The solid state of the inner core is due to high density and pressure, which have compressed the molten rock material.

3. The earth experiences a magnetic field.

An: It is believed that the core of the earth is made up of iron and nickel, which is responsible for the earth’s magnetism.

4. The geological features of the earth are of interest to the geographers.

An: The geological features of the earth are of interest to the geographers because of the
on the earth’s surface are shaped by the internal forces operating deep inside the earth.

5. Sima is so called.
An: Sima is named after Silica (Si) and Magnesium (Mg). It forms the oceanic floor.