JC Excellente Christian Academy Inc.

ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE.LEADERSHIP POTENTIAL. CHRISTIAN VALUES

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Earth Science
Quarter 2 – WEEK 2

TOPIC: Deformation of the Earth’s Crust – The Internal Structure of the Earth

INTRODUCTION:

 List of important terms

a. Crust - thin, outermost layer of the Earth made up of two different types, namely continental crust and
oceanic crust
b. Mantle - middle layer of the Earth between the crust and the core which makes up about 83% of
Earth’s interior
c. Core - innermost layer of the earth; outer core is in a liquid state, whereas inner core is in a solid state
d. Lithosphere - rigid outer layer of the Earth which is made up of the brittle crust and the upper mantle
e. Asthenosphere - layer of weak, ductile rock in the mantle situated below the lithosphere • Moho -
boundary separating the crust and the mantle
f. Seismic wave - an elastic shock wave that travels outward in all directions from an earthquake source
g. Convection - transfer of heat by mass movement or circulation of a substance
h. Plate tectonics - theory which proposes that the crust and upper mantle of the Earth are composed of
several large, thin, and relatively rigid plates that move relative to one another.

MOTIVATION:
 If you dig down all the way into the center of the Earth, what would you see?
 Have the learners sketch their ideas of what the interior of the Earth looks like within 10 minutes. Ask them
to include and label the following in their drawing:
 Characteristics of the materials (temperature, composition, and physical state)
 Boundaries between regions with different types of materials
 Changes that take place as you go deeper into the center of the Earth (change in temperature, pressure,
and density.

INSTRUCTION:

Cutaway view showing the internal structure of the Earth.

 1. Earth’s layered structure
 There are two ways the layers of the Earth are classified and labeled: (1) by composition (crust,
mantle, and core) and; (2) by physical properties (lithosphere, asthenosphere, outer core, and inner
core).
 Describe how temperature, pressure, and density change as you travel deeper down the Earth’s
interior.
 Contrast continental crust and oceanic crust.
 Discuss the crust-mantle boundary (Moho) and how it was discovered
 Introduce the idea of the lithosphere being broken into smaller pieces called plates, which move
about on top of the asthenosphere.
 Describe the layering within the mantle.

2. How geologists look into the Earth’s interior

 Most knowledge on the Earth’s interior came from the study of the earthquake waves that travel
through the Earth.
 Explain how the materials in the Earth’s interior affect seismic waves.
 Describe the behavior of P and S waves as they travel through the interior of the Earth.
 Define seismic discontinuities.
 Explain how scientists inferred the liquid state of the outer core.

3. Other methods by which scientists look into the interior of the Earth
 Briefly discuss other tools scientists/geologists use to study the deepest parts of the Earth.
 Explain how meteorites provided important clues to the composition of the Earth’s interior

EVALUATION:

Write a short story in which the main character travels to the center of the Earth. The story should
describe the conditions and changes the character would encounter at different depths in his journey. Assure
that the information about the layers of the Earth’s interior are accurate.