Access NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science (Geography)

Chapter -1 Environment
1. Answer the following questions.
1. What is an ecosystem?
Ans: An ecosystem is the interaction between all the living beings with
their physical and chemical environment i.e their surroundings. Generally,
they are dependent upon each other.

2. What do you mean by natural environment?

Ans: All the free gifts of nature are considered to be the natural
environment. For Example Land, water, air, plants and animals.

3. Which are the major components of the environment?

Ans: The major components of the environment are: 
 Lithosphere
 Hydrosphere
 Atmosphere
 Biosphere

4. Give four examples of human made environment.

Ans: Four examples of a human made environment are:
o Aquarium
o Shopping Malls
o Township Complexes
o Recreational Parks

5. What is lithosphere?
Ans: This is a layer of earth made up of rocks, minerals and a thin layer of
soil i.e the solid earth's crust. It consists of various landforms like
mountains, valleys, plains, plateaus, etc.

6. Which are the two major components of the biotic environment?

Ans: Biotic components of the environment refers to all the living things
present around us. For example: Plants and animals.

7. What is biosphere?
Ans: It is a zone of earth where all the three land, water and air interact
with each other to support life. All the plants and animals collectively make
up our biosphere.

2. Tick the correct answer.

(i) Which is not a natural ecosystem?
(a) Desert 
(b) Aquarium 
(c) Forest
Ans: (b) Aquarium

(ii) Which is not a component of human environment?

(a) Land 
(b) Religion 
(c) Community
Ans: (a) Land

(iii) Which is a human made environment?

(a) Mountain 
(b) Sea 
(c) Road
Ans: (c) Road

(iv) Which is a threat to environment?

(a) Growing plant
(b) Growing population
(c) Growing crops
Ans: (b) Growing population

3. Match the following.

Biosphere Blanket of air that surrounds the earth.

Atmosphere Domain of water.

Hydrosphere Gravitational force of the earth.

Environment Our surroundings.

Narrow zone where land, water and air interact.

Relation between the organisms and their surroundings.

Ans:

Biosphere Narrow zone where land, water and air interact.

Atmosphere Blanket of air that surrounds the earth.

Hydrosphere Domain of water.

Environment Our surroundings.
4. Give reasons.
(i) Man modifies his environment.
Ans: Man modifies his environment to fulfill his growing needs everyday. For
example: Forests are being cut day by day to construct buildings, this is due to
the growing human population. A huge population cannot survive in a small area
so he needs a larger area to live in. Thus, forests are being cut to make buildings
and townships to accommodate the human population.

(ii) Plants and animals depend on each other.

Ans: Plants and animals depend on each other because mother nature has
created this cycle for the existence of life on this earth. Animals consume plants
to fulfill their needs and the dung of the animals work as manure for plants which
in turn provides nutrients for the growth of the plants. So both are dependent on
each other.

Introduction to The Ecosystem

The ecosystem is an amalgamation of the different components of the
environment like plants, animals, human beings, etc. All of these components are
interdependent for their survival. The interactions which exist among these living
components of the environment is called the ecosystem. It is impossible to
survive without depending on the other components of the natural environment.
The ecosystem has a massive impact on our survival. We are dependent on the
ecosystem since we are the consumers in the food chain.

Difference Between Natural and Human Environment

Natural Environment - The components of the natural environment are land,
water, air, animals, etc. The various natural environments are lithosphere,
atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.
Human-Environment - Human Environment, or artificial environment, on the
other hand, includes human-made components. Humans can modify their
environment according to their suitability. It has created depletion in the natural
environment since the human environment removes the natural environment and
imposes artificial environment. Humans need to learn how to use both of these
harmoniously.

Access NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography

Chapter 2 – Inside our Earth
1. Answer the following questions:
(i) What are the three layers of the earth? 
Ans: The three layers of the earth are core, mantle, and crust.

(ii) What is a rock?

Ans: Any natural mass of mineral materials that makes up the earth's crust is
referred to as a rock.

(iii) Name three types of rocks.

Ans: The three types of rocks are metamorphic, sedimentary, and igneous.

(iv) How are extrusive and intrusive rocks formed?

Ans: Igneous rocks include both extrusive and intrusive types. Extrusive rocks
are generated when molten magma from the earth's interior rises to the surface,
cools, and solidifies on the crust. The structure of these rocks is incredibly fine
grained. Take basalt, for example. Intrusive rocks develop when molten lava
cools and solidifies deep within the earth's crust. They create big grains because
they cool slowly. Granite is a good example of this rock.

(v) What do you mean by a rock cycle?

Ans: The rock cycle is defined as the transition of one type of rock into another
under specified conditions and in a cyclic fashion. Igneous rocks, for example,
which develop when molten lava solidifies, can break down into minute particles,
which can subsequently be transported and deposited to produce sedimentary
rocks. When heat and pressure are applied to sedimentary and igneous rocks,
they convert into metamorphic rocks. These metamorphic rocks may break down
to generate sedimentary rocks, or they may melt under extreme heat and
pressure to form molten magma, which subsequently solidifies to become
igneous rocks.

(image will be uploaded soon)

                            Fig. Rock Cycle

(vi) What are the uses of rocks?

Ans: The following are some uses of rock :
i. For the construction of roads, residences, and other structures.
ii. For use in cutting and drilling.
iii. Scientific inquiry is aided by the fossilised remnants of plants and animals
found in rocks.
iv. Minerals found in diverse rocks are utilised as fuels, medicines, fertilisers,
and in a variety of industries.

(vii) What are metamorphic rocks?

Ans: Metamorphic rocks are the rocks that get formed under great pressure and
heat.
Igneous and sedimentary rocks, when subjected to heat and pressure then get
transformed into metamorphic rocks. For example, limestone into marble and
clay changes to slate. 

2. Tick the correct answer.

(i) The rock which is made up of molten magma is 
(a) Igneous     (b) Sedimentary     (c) Metamorphic
Ans: (a) Igneous - Magma, a heated (600 to 1,300 °C, or 1,100 to 2,400 °F)
molten or partially molten rock substance, solidifies to produce igneous rocks.

(ii) The innermost layer of the earth is

(a) Crust          (b) Core                   (c) Mantle
Ans: (b) Core - The core refers to the earth's innermost layer. It is separated into
two sections: the inner core and the outer core.

(iii) Gold, petroleum and coal are examples of

(a) Rocks           (b) Minerals           (c) Fossils
Ans: (b) Minerals - Fuel minerals, such as coal and petroleum, are classified as
such. Carbonaceous fuels are what they're called. Fossil fuels are extracted from
the earth and are created through the breakdown of fossils.

(iv) Rocks which contain fossils are

(a) Sedimentary rocks      (b) Igneous rocks  (c) Metamorphic rocks    
Ans: (a) Sedimentary rocks - Fossil layers are sedimentary rock layers that
include fossils. Sedimentary rock is a type of rock that forms in layers when
sediments are deposited and pressed on top of one another.

(v) The thinnest layer of the earth is

(a) Crust        (b) Mantle       (c) Core
Ans: (a) Crust - In comparison to the other two layers, the crust is hard and very
thin. The crust beneath the oceans is rather thin, extending only around 5
kilometres.

3. Match the following

(i). Core a) used for roads and buildings Ans:

(ii). Minerals b) made of silicon and alumina

(iii). Rocks c) has definite chemical composition

(iv). Clay d) innermost layer 

(v). Sial  e) changes into slate

(i) Core (e) innermost layer

(d) has definite chemical

(ii) minerals
composition

(iii) rocks (b) used for roads and buildings

(iv) clay (f) changes into slate

(v) sial  (c) made of silicon and alumina

4. Give reasons.
(i) We cannot go to the centre of the earth.
Ans: Extremely high temperature and pressure characterise the earth's core,
which is located around 6000 kilometres below the ocean's surface. At the
earth's core, there is just molten magma. There is no oxygen. Any live entity
would not be able to survive under such conditions. As a result, we are unable to
travel to the Earth's core.

(ii) Sedimentary rocks are formed from sediments.

Ans: When large boulders break down into small fragments (or sediments),
water and wind move the fragments and deposit them. Over time, the loose
sediments compress and harden, forming layers of rocks. Sedimentary rocks are
the name given to these types of rocks.

(iii) Limestone is changed into marble.

Ans: Sedimentary rocks, such as limestone. When it is subjected to tremendous
heat and pressure, it transforms into marble, which is a metamorphic rock.

5. For fun
(i) What are the minerals most commonly used in the following objects?

(image will be uploaded soon)

Ans:

Object  Minerals that are frequently used in them

Karhai Iron, copper, stainless steel

Ornaments Gold, silver

Lamp Brass, silver, gold

Hammer Iron, steel, lead, brass

Bell Brass, silver , gold

Pan/tawa Iron, steel, aluminium

(ii) Identify some more objects made up of different minerals.
Ans: Graphite is used to make pencil lead. Copper wiring is used in telephones.
Sulphur and chromite are found in our carpets. Quartz and Pentlandite are used
to make clocks.

Access NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science (Geography)

Chapter 3 - Our Changing Earth
1. Answer the following questions.
i. Why do the plates move?
Ans: There is constant generation of energy due to various processes
undergoing in the inner layers of the Earth. Due to this amount of heat energy,
the plates also move.

ii. What are exogenic and endogenic forces?

Ans: The forces that act on the earth's surface are called exogenic forces while
the ones that act in the earth's interior are called endogenic forces.

iii. What is erosion?

Ans: The wearing away of the landscape by various agents like wind, water, and
ice is called erosion.

iv. How are flood plains formed?

Ans: Flood plains are formed due to deposition of silt in the region during floods.
When water gets out, the silts remain and they form the flood plains.

v. What are sand dunes?

Ans: The small hill-like structures of sand formed due to the action of wind are
called sand dunes.

vi. How are beaches formed?

Ans: When sea waves deposit materials on the shores of the sea, beaches are
formed.

vii. What are ox-bow lakes?

Ans: When a river changes its course suddenly, an oxbow lake is formed.
2. Tick the correct Answer.
i. Which is not an erosional feature of sea waves?
a) Cliff
b) Beach
c) Sea cave
Ans. (c) Sea Cave

ii. The depositional feature of a glacier is:

a) Flood Plain
b) Beach
c) Moraine
Ans. (c) Moraine

ii. Which is caused by the sudden movements of the earth?

a) Volcano
b) Folding
c) Flood Plain
Ans. (a) Volcano

iii. Mushroom rocks are found in:

a) Deserts
b) River valleys
c) Glaciers
Ans: (a) Deserts
iv. Ox bow lakes are found in:
a) Glaciers
b) River valleys 
c) Deserts
Ans: (b) River valleys
3. Match the following.
i) Glacier (a) Sea shore
ii) Meanders (b) Mushroom rock
iii) Beach (c) River of ice
iv) Sand dunes (d) Rivers
v) Waterfall (e) Vibrations of earth 
vi) Earthquake (f) Sea cliff
(g) Hard bed rock
(h) Deserts
Ans:
i. Glacier               (b) River of ice
ii. Meanders        (c) Rivers
iii. Beach              (a) Sea shore
iv. Sand dunes     (f) Deserts
v. Waterfall          (e) Hard bed rock
vi. Earthquake     (d) Vibrations of earth

4. Give reasons.
i. Some rocks have a shape of a mushroom.
Ans: It is because they are formed when the winds erode the lower part of a rock
more than the upper part.

ii. Flood plains are very fertile.

Ans: It is because they are formed by sediments of rivers which deposit the
fertile land and silt with high mineral content in them.

iii. Sea caves are turned into stacks.

Ans: It is because over the time of erosion, the structure gets changed from
cracks to stacks.

iv. Buildings collapse due to earthquakes.

Ans: It is because the earthquakes are shock waves which damage the
foundations of the buildings.

5. Observe the photographs given below. These are various features made
by a river. Identify them and also tell whether they are erosional or
depositional or landforms formed by both. Photograph Name of the Feature
Type (Erosional or Depositional or Both)
Type
Name of the
Photograph (Erosional or Depositional
Feature
or Both)

(Image Will Be Updated

Soon)

(Image Will Be Updated

Soon)

(Image Will Be Updated

Soon)
Ans:
 
Type
Name of the
Photograph (Erosional or Depositional
Feature
or Both)
(Image Will Be Updated
Waterfall Erosional
Soon)

(Image Will Be Updated

Meander Erosional and Depositional
Soon)

(Image Will Be Updated

Flood Plain Depositional
Soon)

Access NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science (Geography)

Chapter - 4 Air
1. Answer the following questions.
i. What is atmosphere?
Ans: The vast blanket of air around the earth’s surface is called the atmosphere.

ii. Which two gases make the bulk of atmosphere?

Ans: Nitrogen and Oxygen make up the bulk of the atmosphere.

iii. Which gas creates greenhouse effect in the atmosphere?

Ans: Carbon dioxide creates greenhouse effect in the atmosphere

iv. What is weather?

Ans: Observation of the physical features such as temperature, wind conditions,
etc. over a short area for a short amount of time is called weather.

v. Name three types of rainfall.

Ans: The three types of rainfall are topographic, convectional and frontal.

vi. What is air pressure?

Ans: The pressure exerted by the atmosphere due to its weight over a region is
called atmospheric pressure.

2. Tick the correct answer:

i. Which of the following gases protects us from harmful sun rays?
(a) Carbon dioxide (b) Nitrogen (c) Ozone.
Ans: (c) Ozone
ii. The most important layer of the atmosphere is.
(a) Troposphere (b) Thermosphere. (c) Mesosphere
Ans: (a) Troposphere.

iii. Which of the following layers of atmosphere free from clouds?

(a) Troposphere (b) Stratosphere (c) Mesosphere
Ans: (b) Stratosphere.

iv. As we go up the layers of the atmosphere, the pressure

(a) Increases. (b) Decreases. (c) Remain same
Ans: (b) Decreases.

v. When precipitation comes down to the earth liquid form, it is called:

(a)  Cloud (b) Rain (c) Snow
Ans: (b) Rain
1. Match the following:
(i) Trade Winds (a) Incoming solar energy

(ii) Loo (b) Seasonal wind

(iii) Monsoon (c) Horizontal movement of Air

(iv) Wind (d) Layer of ozone gas

(e) Permanent wind

(f) Local wind

Ans:
(i) Trade Winds (e) Permanent wind

(ii) Loo (f) Local wind

(iii) Monsoon (b) Seasonal wind

(iv) Wind (c) Horizontal movement of Air

4. Give reasons.
i. Wet clothes take longer time to dry on a humid day?
Ans:  It is because on a humid day, the air is already saturated with water vapour
so it cannot absorb the water from the clothes.

ii. Amount of insolation decreases from equator towards poles?

Ans: It is because the angle of sunrays falling on the earth decreases from
equator to the poles. So, insolation decreases towards the poles.
5. For Fun
i. Solve this crossword puzzle with the help of given clues (on page no.28):
Ans:
H C

U L

L M O W

R O I U P E E P A L

C A R B O N D I O X I D E A T

I A I N T M

N R T S H O

O Y E X O S P H E R E S

M L R P

E A I R F H

T T O X Y G E N

N E E M W I N D G R

R O E

O Z O N E

C Y C L O N E

ii. Make a weather calendar for one week. Use pictures or symbols to show
different types of weather. You can use more than one symbol in a day, if
the weather changes. For example, the sun comes out when rain stops. An
example is given below: 
Day Weather

(Image will be uploaded soon) Rainy Day

 (Image will be uploaded soon) Thunderstorms

(Image will be uploaded soon) Sunny Day

(Image will be uploaded soon) Cloudy Day

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science (Geography) Chapter 5

1. Answer the following questions
(i) What is precipitation?
Ans: The deposition of moisture from the atmosphere onto the earth's surface is
known as precipitation. Rain, hail, frost, fog, sleet, or snow are all examples of
this.
(ii) What is the water cycle?
 Ans: The water cycle is the process through which water continually changes its
form and flows between seas, atmosphere, and land.
(iii) What are the factors affecting the height of the waves?
Ans: High wind speed, wind duration, wind distance on the sea, and earthquakes
are all variables that influence the height of waves.
(iv) Which factors affect the movement of ocean water?
Ans: Temperature, Earth's rotation, the gravitational attraction of the sun and
moon, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions are all variables that influence ocean
water flow.
(v) What are tides and how are they caused?
Ans: The rhythmic rise and fall of ocean water twice a day are called tide. The
gravitational attraction of the sun and moon on the earth's surface causes tidal
movements.
(vi) What are ocean currents?
Ans: Ocean currents are streams of water flowing constantly on the surface of
the ocean in definite directions. The ocean currents may be warm or cold. For
example, the
Labrador ocean current is a  cold current and the Gulf Stream is a warm current.

2. Give reasons
(i) Ocean water is salty.
Ans: Ocean water is salty as it contains large amounts of undissolved salts.
(ii) The quality of water is deteriorating.
Ans: The unnecessary items which we dump in rivers are causing water quality
to deteriorate.
Chemicals and industrially contaminated water.
The hazardous insecticides and herbicides that come in from the fields are still
present. Unburned or half-burned bodies of men and animals are dumped into
bodies of water.

3. Tick the correct answer:

(i) The process by which water continually changes its form and circulates
between oceans, atmosphere, and land.
(a) Water cycle 
(b) Tides
(c) Ocean currents
Ans: (a) Water cycle is the process by which water continually changes its form
and circulates between oceans, atmosphere, and land.
(ii) Generally the warm ocean currents originate near
(a) Poles
(b) Equator 
(c) None of these
Ans: (b) the Equator is the place where warm ocean currents originate
(iii) The rhythmic rise and fall of ocean water twice a day is called
(a) Tide
(b) Ocean currents 
(c) Wave
Ans: (a) Tide is the rhythmic rise and fall of ocean water 
4. Match the following:
(i) Caspian Sea (a) Periodic rise and fall of water

(ii) Tide (b) Largest lake

Streams of water moving in definite

(iii) Tsunami (c)
paths

Ocean
(iv) (d) Strong seismic waves
currents

Ans:        
(i) Caspian Sea (a) Largest lake

(ii) Tide (b) Periodic rise and fall of water

(iii) Tsunami (c) Strong seismic waves

Ocean Streams of water moving in definite

(iv) (d)
currents paths
5. For fun.
Be a detective
(i) The name of one river is hidden in each of the sentences below. Spot it.
Example: Mandra, Vijayalakshmi, and Surinder are my best friends.
Ans: Ravi
(a) The snake charmer’s bustee, stables where horses are housed, and
piles of
wood, all caught five accidentally.
(Hint: Another name for river Brahmaputra)
Ans: Teesta.
(b) The conference manager put the pad, material for reading, and a pencil
for each
participant:
(Hint: A distributary on the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta?)
Ans: Padma
(c) Either jealousy or anger cause a person’s fall.
(Hint: Name of juicy fruit!)
Ans: Orange
(d) Bhavani germinated the seeds in a pot.
(Hint: Look for her in West Africa)
Ans: Niger
(e) ‘‘I am a zonal champion now,” declared the excited athlete.
(Hint: The river that has the biggest basin in the world)
Ans: Amazon
(f) The tiffin box rolled down and all the food fell in dusty potholes.
(Hint: Rises in India and journeys through Pakistan)
Ans: Indus
(g) Malini leaned against the pole when she felt that she was going to faint.
(Hint: Her delta in Egypt is famous)
Ans: Nile
(h) Samantha mesmerized everybody with her magic tricks.
(Hint: London is situated on her estuary)
Ans: Thames
(i) “In this neighborhood, please don’t yell! Owners of these houses like to
have
peace.” warned my father when we moved into our new flat.
(Hint: color!)
Ans: Yellow
(j) Write the following words. Marc! “On,” “go,’’, “in”.... said the teacher to
the little boy in KG Class.
(Hint: Rhymes with ‘bongo’)
Ans: Congo
 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Chapter 6 – Free PDF
Download
1. Answer the following questions.
(i) Which are the two factors on which the growth of vegetation mostly
depends?
(ii) Which are the three broad categories of natural vegetation?
(iii) Name the two hardwood trees commonly found in tropical evergreen
forest.
(iv) In which part of the world tropical deciduous forest is found?
(v) In which climatic conditions are citrus fruits cultivated?
(vi) Mention the use of coniferous forest.
(vii) In which part of the world is seasonal grassland found? 
Ans:
(i) Temperature and moisture are the most important factors in vegetation
growth.
(ii) Natural vegetation is divided into three categories:
(Image will be Uploaded
a. Forests
Soon)

(Image will be Uploaded

b. Grasslands
Soon)

(Image will be Uploaded

c. Thorny shrubs
Soon)

(iii) Rosewood and Ebony are two hardwood trees found in tropical evergreen
forests.
(iv) Deciduous forests can be found in most parts of India, northern Australia, and
Central America.
(v) Hot and dry summers and mild rainy winters are ideal for citrus fruit farming.
(vi) The following are some of the uses of coniferous forests: 
a. Wood is used to produce pulp, which is used to make paper, newsprint,
and cardboard.
b. To create matchboxes
c. For the construction of decorative items
d. To construct a packing box
e. Particle board and plywood are also made in this way.
(vii) Seasonal grassland can be found in the continents' interiors and mid-latitudinal
zones.

2. Tick the correct answer.

(i) Mosses and lichens are found in: 
 a. Decorative vegetation
b. Tropical evergreen forest
c. Tundra vegetation
(ii) Thorny bushes are found in: 
a. Hot and humid tropical climate
b. Hot and dry desert climate
c. Cold polar climate
(iii) In tropical evergreen forest, one of the common animals is: 
a. Monkey
b. Giraffe
c. Camel
(iv) One important variety of coniferous forest is: 
a. Rosewood
b. Pine
c. Teak
(v) Steppe grassland is found in: 
a. South Africa
b. Australia
c. Russia
Ans:
i. (c) Tundra vegetation
ii. (b) Hot and dry desert climate
iii. (a) Monkey
iv. (b) Pine
v. (c) Russia
3. Match the following.
(i) Walrus  (a) Soft wood tree 

(ii) Cedar  (b) An animal of tropical deciduous forest 

(iii) Olives  (c) A polar animal 

(iv)
(d) Temperate grassland in Australia 
Elephants 

(v) Campos  (e) A citrus fruit 

(vi) Downs  (f) Tropical grassland of Brazil

Ans: (i)-(c); (ii)-(a); (iii)-(e); (iv)-(b); (v)-(f); (vi)-(d)

4. Give reasons. 
(i) The animals in polar region have thick fur and thick skin. 
Ans: To protect themselves from the extreme climatic conditions, animals in the
polar zone have thick fur and skin.
(ii) Tropical deciduous trees shed their leaves in the dry season.
Ans: During the dry season, tropical deciduous trees shed their leaves to
conserve water and survive under tough weather conditions.
(iii) The type and thickness of vegetation changes from place to place.
Ans: Because of differences in temperature, moisture, elevation, rainfall, and soil
thickness, the type and thickness of vegetation varies from place to place.

5. For fun. 
i. Collect pictures and photographs of forests and grasslands of
different parts of world. Write one sentence below each picture. 
ii. Make a collage of rainforest, grassland and coniferous forests. 
Ans:
Forests and
Description
Grasslands

Tropical Evergreen Forests:

(Image will be Tropical rain forests are another name for these types of
Uploaded forests. These dense woodlands can be found near the
Soon) equator and near the tropics. Rosewood, Ebony, and
Mahogany are among the trees found here.

Tropical Deciduous Forests:

Monsoon forests can be found in extensive parts of India,
(Image will be
northern Australia, and Central America, and are classified as
Uploaded
tropical deciduous forests. Seasonal changes occur in certain
Soon)
areas. Teak, Neem and Shisham are some of the trees found
in these forests.
Temperate Evergreen Forests: 
(Image will be The temperate evergreen forests are found in the coastal
Uploaded region's mid-latitudinal zone. They are usually found along
Soon) the continents' eastern edges. Oak and pine trees can be
found here.

Temperate Deciduous Forests:

There are more temperate deciduous forests as we move to
(Image will be higher latitudes. These can be found in the northeastern
Uploaded United States, China, New Zealand, Chile, and western
Soon) European coastal regions. During the dry season, they drop
their leaves. Oak, Ash, and Beech are some of the trees that
may be found here.
 Grasslands: 
(Image will be
These can be found on both sides of the equator and reach
Uploaded
all the way to the tropics. These plants can be found in
Soon)
locations with moderate to low rainfall.

Coniferous Forests: 
The beautiful Coniferous woods of the Northern Hemisphere
(Image will be
can be found at higher latitudes (500-700). Taiga is another
Uploaded
name for these. These forests can also be found at greater
Soon)
elevations. Important tree species found here include Chir,
Pine, and Cedar.

In Text Questions
1. Now can you tell why Salima saw changes in the natural vegetation as
she climbed higher and higher? What type of vegetation did she see in the
Himalayas starting with the foothills and going to the higher altitudes?
Ans: As Salima went higher and higher, she noticed variations in the natural
vegetation due to changes in altitude and related climatic factors such as
temperature, precipitation, low air density, and soil form. Salima noticed thick
jungles of Sal and Teak in the hillsides. On the mountain slopes, she could see
coniferous trees such as Pines as she climbed higher. She also discovered an
area covered with short grass and snow at higher elevations.

Access NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science(Geography)

Chapter 7 – Human Environment- Settlement, Transport and
Communication
1. Answer the following questions. 
(i) What are the four means of transport? 
Ans: Following are the four means of transport:
I. Roadways
II. Airways
III. Railways
IV. Waterways
(ii) What do you understand by the term ‘settlement’? 
Ans: Settlements are areas where people construct their dwellings. It can be
permanent or temporary.
(iii) Which are the activities practised by the rural people? 
Ans: Farming, fishing, forestry, crafts, labour, trading etc are some of the
activities that rural people engage in.
(iv) Mention any two merits of railways. 
Ans: Two merits of railways are:
 I. Railways are cost-efficient as they can carry large products and people at
a lower cost.
II. Railways are more reliable. 
(v) What do you understand by communication? 
Ans: The process of delivering messages to others is known as communication.
Some of the new and rapid methods of communication, such as radio, television,
and the internet, are a result of technological advancements.
(vi) What is mass media?
Ans:  The term "mass media" refers to a method of communicating with a huge
number of individuals at once. Radio, newspapers and television are some of the
most widely used forms of mass media.

2. Tick the correct answer. 

(i) Which is NOT a means of communication? 
(a) Telephone 
(b) Books 
(c) Table 
Ans: (c) Table is not a means of communication.
(ii) Which type of road is constructed under the ground? 
(a) Flyover 
(b) Expressways 
(c) Subways 
Ans: (c) Subways are constructed under the ground.
(iii) Which mode of transport is most suitable to reach an island? 
(a) Ship 
(b) Train 
(c) Car 
Ans: (a) Ship is the most suitable mode of transport to reach an island. 
(iv) Which vehicle does not pollute the environment? 
(a) Cycle 
(b) Bus 
(c) Aeroplane 
Ans: (a) Cycle does not pollute the environment.

3. Match the following:

(a) Areas where people are engaged in
(i) Internet 
manufacturing, trade and services 

(ii) Canal route  (b) Closely-built area of houses 

(iii) Urban areas  (c) Houses on stilts 

 (iv) Compact
(d) Inland waterway 
settlement 

- (e) A means of communication

Ans: 
(i) Internet  (e) A means of communication 

(ii) Canal route (d) Inland waterway 

(a) Areas where people are engaged in

(iii) Urban areas 
manufacturing, trade and services 

(iv) Compact
(b) Closely-built area of houses
settlement 

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Chapter - 8 Human Environment Interactions
1. Answer the following questions. 
(i) Name the continent in which the Amazon Basin is located. 
Ans: The Amazon basin is located in the South America continent.
(ii) What are the crops grown by the people of the Amazon Basin?  
Ans: Crops like tapioca, pineapple and sweet potato and cash crops like  coffee,
maize and cocoa are grown by the people of Amazon Basin.
(iii) Name the birds that you are likely to find in the rainforests of the
Amazon.
Ans: Birds like Toucans, hummingbirds and birds of paradise can be found   in 
the rainforests of the Amazon.
(iv) What are the major cities located on the River Ganga? 
Ans: Major cities like Allahabad, Kanpur, Varanasi, Lucknow, Patna and Kolkata
are located on the river Ganga. 
(v) Where is the one-horned rhinoceros found?
Ans: One-horned rhinoceroses are found in the Brahmaputra plain.

2. Tick the correct answer. 

(i) Toucans are a type of 
(a) Birds 
(b) Animals 
(c) Crops 
Ans: (a) Toucans are a type of bird.
(ii) Manioc is the staple food of 
(a) Ganga Basin 
(b) Africa 
(c) Amazon 
Ans: (c) Manioc is the staple food of Amazon.
(iii) Kolkata is located on the river 
(a) Orange 
(b) Hooghly 
(c) Bhagirathi 
Ans: (b) Kolkata is located on the river Hooghly.

(iv) Deodars and firs are a type of 

(a) Coniferous trees 
(b) Deciduous trees 
(c) Shrubs 
Ans: (a) Deodars and firs are a type of Coniferous trees.

(v) Bengal tiger is found in 

(a) Mountains 
(b) Delta area 
(c) Amazon 
Ans: (b) Bengal tiger is found in the delta area.

3. Match the following.

(i) Cotton textile  (a) Assam 

(ii) Maloca  (b) Terrace farming 

(iii) Piranha  (c) Sericulture 

(iv) Silk worm  (d) Slanting roof 

(v) Kaziranga  (e) Ganga plain 

–  (f) Varanasi 

–  (g) Fish
Ans: 
(i) Cotton textile  (f) Varanasi 

(ii) Maloca  (d) Slanting roof 

 (iii) Piranha  (g) Fish 

(iv) Silk worm  (c) Sericulture 

(v) Kaziranga  (a) Assam

4. Give reasons. 
(i) The rainforests are depleting. 
Ans: The huge number of rainforests have been destroyed, because of wide-
scale development and industrial activity. Another reason is the clearing of land
for agricultural and mining incorporation of trees into industrial operations.
Industrial operations necessitate the use of wood. The top soil is being washed
away as a result of deforestation. As a result, there is no room for tree growth.
Therefore, rainforests are decreasing.
(ii) Paddy is grown in the Ganga-Brahmaputra plains.
Ans: For agricultural production, the Ganga-Brahmaputra plains provide flat, rich
terrain with alluvial soil. The amount of rainfall in this region is also fairly
significant, making it an ideal location for the cultivation of rice which requires a
lot of water to flourish. Furthermore, the climate in this area is ideal for rice
cultivation. So Paddy is grown on the Ganga- Brahmaputra plains. 

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Chapter 9 - Life in the Temperate Grasslands
1. Answer the following questions. 
(i) What are the Temperate Grasslands of North America called? 
 Ans: North America’s temperate Grasslands are called Prairies. 
(ii) What are the cattle farms in the North American Grasslands known as? 
Ans: Ranches are cattle farms found in the grasslands of North America.
(iii) Name the rivers that drain the Velds. 
Ans: The rivers that drain the Velds are Orange and Limpopo.
(iv) When is the rainy season in the Velds? 
Ans: The Velds' rainy season occurs from November to February, due to the       
mild ocean currents that wash the Velds' coastlines.
(v) What is the major occupation of the people of the South African
grasslands?
Ans: Sheep rearing is the main source of income for the inhabitants of the South
African grasslands. Other than that, dairy farming and mining are two of the
region's most prominent vocations.
2. Tick the correct answer.
(i) River Mississippi drains 
(a)Canada 
(b) Africa 
(c) USA 
Ans: (c) River Mississippi drains in the USA.
(ii) Drakensberg Mountains are to the west of 
(a) Prairies 
(b) Velds 
(c) Pampas 
Ans: (b) Drakensberg Mountains are to the west of Velds.
(iii) Merino is a species of 
(a) Fish 
(b) Elephant 
(c) Sheep 
Ans: (c) Merino is a species of sheep.
(iv) Kimberley is famous for 
(a) Diamonds 
(b) Silver 
(c) Platinum 
Ans: (a) Kimberley is famous for its diamonds.
3. Match the following.
(i) Cowboys  (a) Iron and Steel 

(ii) Gold  (b) Prairies 

(iii) Kudu  (c) Hot wind 

(iv)
(d) Velds 
Chinook 

(v) Coal (e) Johannesburg 

–  (f) Animal  
Ans: 
(i) Cowboys  (b) Prairies 

(ii) Gold  (e) Johannesburg 

(iii) Kudu  (f) Animal 

(iv)
(c) Hot wind 
Chinook 

(v) Coal  (a) Iron and Steel

4. Give reasons. 
(i) The Prairies are known as the ‘Granaries of the World’. 
Ans: North America has become a surplus food provider due to scientific farming
practices and the use of tractors, harvesters, and combines. The location is
excellent for agricultural production due to its warmth and good soil with a high
humus level. As a result, wheat is produced in large quantities in the area. As a
result, the Prairies are known as the "World's Granaries."
(ii) Rise of wool industry in the Velds.
Ans: The most significant profession in the Velds is sheep raising. Sheep are
grown primarily for their wool, which has given rise to the Velds' wool industry.
Merino sheep are a popular breed because they have extremely warm wool. So
there is a rise of the wool industry in Velds.

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Chapter 10 - Life in the Deserts
1.  Answer the following questions. 
(a) What are the two types of deserts found in the world? 
Ans: The two types of deserts found across the world are hot and cold deserts.
(b) In which continent is the Sahara desert located? 
Ans: In the African continent, the Sahara desert is found.
(c) What are the climatic conditions of the Ladakh desert? 
Ans: The climate is particularly chilly and dry due to its high altitude.
Furthermore, the air at this height is so thin that the sun's heat is very strong.
Summer temperatures are slightly over zero degrees Celsius during the day and
far below 30°C at night. Winters are very cold, with temperatures frequently
falling below -40°C. As it is located in the Himalayan rain shadow, it receives
extremely little rainfall.
(d) What mainly attracts tourists to Ladakh? 
Ans: The main attractions of Ladakh include the ancient Buddhist monasteries,
the snow-clad mountains and the meadows, the humble and helpful nature of the
people and their rituals and festivals.
(e) What type of clothes do the people of the Sahara desert wear? 
Ans: Long, loose-fitting, thick robes and head wrappings are worn by the
inhabitants of the Sahara desert. In the desert, these sorts of clothing keep
people cool and protect them from scorching winds and dust storms.
(f) Name the trees that grow in Ladakh.
Ans: Some of the trees that grow in Ladakh include willows, poplars, and fruit
trees like apples, apricots, and walnuts etc.

2. Tick the correct answer. 

(i) Sahara is located in which part of Africa 
(a) Eastern 
(b) Northern 
(c) Western
Ans: (b) Sahara is located in the northern part of Africa
(ii) Sahara is what type of desert 
(a) Cold 
(b) Hot 
(c) Mild 
Ans: (b) Sahara is a hot dessert.
(iii) The Ladakh desert is mainly inhabited by 
(a) Christians and Muslims 
(b) Buddhists and Muslims 
(c) Christians and Buddhists 
Ans: (b) The Ladakh desert is mainly inhibited by Buddhists and Muslims.
(iv) Deserts are characterized by 
(a) Scanty vegetation 
(b) Heavy precipitation 
(c) Low evaporation 
Ans: (a) Deserts are characterized by their scanty vegetation.
(v) Hemis in the Ladakh is a famous 
(a) Temple 
(b) Church 
(c) Monastery 
Ans: (c) Hemis is a famous monastery in Ladakh.
(vi) Egypt is famous for growing 
(a) Wheat 
(b) Maize 
(c) Cotton 
Ans: (c) Egypt is famous for growing cotton.

4. Match the following.

(i) Oasis  (a) Libya 

(ii) Bedouins  (b) Monastery 

(iii) Oil  (c) Glacier 

(iv) Gangri  (d) Depressions with water 

(v) Lamayuru  (e) Cold desert 

–  (f) Sahara
Ans: 
 (i) Oasis  (d) Depressions with water 

(ii) Bedouins  (f) Sahara 

(iii) Oil  (a) Libya 

(iv) Gangri  (c) Glacier 

(v) Lamayuru  (b) Monastery

5. Give reasons. 
(i) There is scanty vegetation in the deserts. 
Ans: A desert has a dry region with exceptionally hot or low temperatures, as
well as relatively little rainfall. These harsh climatic conditions are unsuitable for
plants, due to this scanty vegetation in the desert.
(ii) People of the Sahara desert wear heavy robes.
Ans: Long, loose-fitting, thick robes and head wrappings are worn by the
inhabitants of the Sahara desert. Such clothing enable air to flow, which helps
the body retain fluids by preventing perspiration from evaporating fast. Dust
storms and scorching winds are also protected by these garments.