DELHI PUBILC SCHOOL, INDORE

CLASS-7 GEOGRAPHY
Ch.2 Inside our Earth

Answer in short:
1.Define rocks.
Ans. Any natural mass of mineral matter that makes up the earth’s crust is known as rock.
2. Define Rock cycle.
Ans. The process of transformation of the rocks from one to another is called rock cycle.
3. Define fossil.
Ans. A fossil is the hard remains of a prehistoric animal or plant that are found inside a rock.
4. What is the radius of the earth? - 6371km.
5. What is the rock made of molten magma called? – Igneous rocks.
6. What are rocks called which contain fossils? – Sedimentary rocks.
7. Which is the thinnest layer of the earth? – Crust.
8. Where is the deepest mine of the world located? – South Africa.
9. What type of rocks are formed when igneous and sedimentary rocks are subjected to
great heat and pressure? – Metamorphic rocks.
10. Igneous originated from which Latin word? – ‘Ignis’ meaning fire.
11. What percentage of the volume of the earth consists of Mantle? – 84%
12. What percentage of the volume of the earth makes the core? – 15%

Answer the following questions:

Q1. What are the three layers of the earth?
Ans. a) Crust- The uppermost layer over the earth’s surface is called crust. It is the thinnest
of all the layers. It is about 35 km. on the continental mass and only 5km on the ocean
floors. The main mineral constituents are Silica and Alumina, thus called Sial. Ocean crust
mainly contains Silica and Magnesium, called Sima.
b) Mantle- Just beneath the crust is the mantle, which extends to a depth of 2900km below
the crust.
c) Core- The innermost layer is the core, with a radius of 3500km. It is mainly made up of
Nickel called Nife (ni- nickel & fe- ferrous i.e. Iron)

Q2. How are igneous rocks formed?

Ans. a) The molten magma cools down, it becomes solid rocks which is called igneous rocks.
b) They are also called primary rocks.
c) There are two types of igneous rocks – intrusive igneous rocks and extrusive igneous
rocks.
Q3. What are extrusive igneous rocks?
Ans. a) When the molten lava comes on the earth’s surface, it rapidly cools down and
becomes solid.
b) Rocks formed in such a way on the crust are called extrusive igneous rocks.
C) They have a very fine-grained structure. For example, basalt.

Q4. What are intrusive igneous rocks?

Ans. a) The molten magma cools deep inside the earth’s crust which becomes hard.
b) Rocks formed inside the crust (vent), is called as intrusive igneous rocks.
c) Since the rocks cool down slowly, they form large grains. e.g., Granite.

Q5. What are sedimentary rocks?

Ans. a) Rocks roll down, crack and hit each other and break down into small fragments.
These small particles are called sediments.
b) The sediments are transported and deposited by wind, water, etc.
c) These loose sediments are compressed and hardened to form layers of rocks.
d) These types of rocks are called sedimentary rocks. E.g., Sandstone.
e) These rocks may also contain fossils of plants, animals and other micro-organisms that
once lived on them.

Q6. What are metamorphic rocks?

Ans. a) Igneous and sedimentary rocks can change into metamorphic rocks under great heat
and pressure.
b) The temperature and pressure are so high that they change the original minerals into
another type.
c) For e.g., Clay changes into slate and lime stone into marble.

Q7. What are the uses of rocks? Give examples.

Ans. a) Rocks are very useful. The hard rocks are used for making roads, building and
houses.
b) Granite is used to make grinding stones.
c) We use stones in many games. For example, seven stones, hop-scotch, five stones.
d) The Red Fort is made of Red sand stone.
e) The Taj Mahal is made of White marble.

Home-Work Questions: -
Q8. What are minerals? Give examples.
Q9. What is rock cycle? Draw the rock cycle or paste pictures.
Q10. Draw the diagram of the Interior of the Earth. (fig.2.1, pg. 7)