ACADEMIC YEAR 2022 – 2023

SEMESTER 2

Subject: Science Revision for Test 1

Remember that the textbook is your main source to revise from.
Name Grade: 7

Lessons included in the test:

Unit 3:
Module 1: Lesson 1: Natural Resources pages 10-26
Unit 2:
Module 1: Lesson 4: Changing Earth’s Surface pages 72-92
Module 1: Lesson 5: The cycling of Earth’s materials pages 100-119

Module 1: Lesson 1: Natural Resources

What is a natural resource.
It is something on Earth that living things use to meet their needs.
-For example, we use the wood (which’s a natural resource) to make furniture.

Some examples of natural resources: Air, water, soil, sand, coal, oil, and gas.

How do humans depend on energy resources?

The power of lights, computers, appliances, and other electrical devices comes from energy resources.
Energy can come from: Sunlight, fossil fuels, flowing water.

What are fossil fuels?

Petroleum, natural gas, coal are fossil fuels.

What are fossil fuels?

Fossil fuels form as ancient plants stored radiant energy from the sun as chemical energy in their
molecules. Over time, the remains of these ancient plants and animals are converted into fossil fuels.
Then the energy in the fossil fuel is converted to other forms of energy.

How do humans depend on land resources?

-Land is used to grow food. -The wood on land is used to make furniture and paper.
-Land is used to build our houses on it. -Important minerals are taken from lands to make products.

What are Ores?

They are deposits of minerals that are large enough to be mined for a profit.
Copper is an example of Ores. Copper is used in electric wiring.

How do humans depend on air and water resources?

Water is used for: - drinking – washing – showering – cooking – cleaning – planting.
Air is used for: - breathing – filling up objects such as balloons – drying clothes.

The water represents 70% of the Earth. Fresh water can be found in lakes, ponds, underground.

How long will natural resources be around?

It depends if the natural resource is renewable or nonrenewable. If it is renewable natural resource, it
will last for long time. If it is nonrenewable natural resource, it will last for years and then it will run out.
How does desalination work?
Taking the salt out of salt water. The illustration below shows the process of removing the salt.

There are two types of natural resources: Renewable and nonrenewable natural resources.

Renewable resources are resources that can be replaced by natural processes in short time.
Renewable resources include air, water, living things, energy such as solar, wind, water.
Nonrenewable resources are natural resources that being used up faster than they can be replaced by
natural processes.
Nonrenewable resources include petroleum, coal, and natural gas.
Nonrenewable energy form slowly usually over millions of years.

Module 1: Lesson 4: Changing Earth’s Surface

What processes change Earth’s surface over time?

1- weathering 2- erosion 3-deposition

Sediments are small rocks.

What is weathering, erosion, and deposition?

Weathering is the breaking down of rocks by chemical or physical

processes.

Erosion is the movement of sediment from one location to another by

water, ice, or wind.

Deposition is when sediment is deposited (dropped) in another location.

Types of weathering:
physical weathering chemical weathering

How does water change Earth’s surface?

Streams can weather and erode land and deposit sediment.

How does wind change Earth’s surface?

Strong winds can weather and erode land and deposit sediment.

Land features formed by wind erosion and deposition:

Sand dunes Loess Arches Scoured and
Sandblasted rocks

Construct an explanation about grain size could affect the movement of a sand dune from one location
to another.
It is more difficult for wind to move larger grains than smaller grains. Stronger wind is needed to move
large grains.

How does ice change Earth’s surface?

Glaciers can weather and erode land and deposit sediment.

What is glacier?
Is a large mass of ice that moves slowly across Earth’s surface.

Glacier features formed:

How might the landscape appear in thousands or millions of years? Explain
Over thousands or million of years, the processes of weathering and erosion will wear down the
landscape. The sharp mountain peaks will become rounder, and mountains will become shorter.

Module 1: Lesson 5: The cycling of Earth’s materials

What are rocks? How are they differing from minerals?

Rocks are naturally occurring solids mixture composed of minerals, smaller rock fragments, organic
matter, or glass.
Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and an orderly
occurring arrangement of atoms or ions.

There are three major types of rocks: 1.Igneous rocks.

2.Sedimentary rocks.
3.Metamorphic rocks.

Crystallization occurs when particles dissolved in a liquid, solidify and form crystals.

Igneous rocks form when magma or lava cool down.

There are two types of igneous rocks:

Intrusive igneous rocks Extrusive igneous rocks

Formed from Magma Lava
Where Inside the Earth At Earth’s surface
Rate of cooling Slowly Quickly
Size of crystals Large Small
Texture Coarse Fine

Sedimentary rocks are formed by Lithification, compaction, and cementation.

Lithification is the process in which sediment turns into rocks.

Compaction when the weight from the layers of sediment forces out fluids and decreases the space
between grains.
Cementation when minerals dissolved in surrounding water crystallize between grains of sediment.
 Three types of sedimentary rocks:
1.Clastic sedimentary rocks
2.Chemical sedimentary rocks
3.Biochemical sedimentary rocks

How do metamorphic rocks form?

When rocks are pulled underneath Earth’s surface due to the movement of plates. The high
temperature and pressure there change the texture and mineral or chemical compositions of rocks
without melting them, metamorphic rocks are formed.

Rock cycle is series of processes that change one type of rock into another type or rock.