Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Impressionism was one of the earliest musical forms that paved the way to this mod-
ern era. Impressionism is a French movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Expressionism
The term "Expressionism" was originally used in visual and literary arts. It was probably
first applied to music in 1918, especially to Schoenberg because, like the painter Wass-
ily Kandinsky (1866–1944), he veered away from "traditional forms of beauty" to convey
powerful feelings in his music.
ELECTRONIC MUSIC
The ability of electronic machines such as synthesizers, amplifiers, tape recorders, and
loudspeakers to produce different sounds was popularized by 20thcentury notable com-
posers.
The first electronic devices for performing music were developed at the end of the 19th
century, and shortly afterward, Italian futurists explored sounds that had not been con-
sidered musical.
CHANCE MUSIC
Chance music, also known as Aleatoric music, refers to a style in which the piece al-
ways sounds differently at every performance because of the random techniques of pro-
duction, including the use of ring modulators or natural elements that become a part of
the music. Most of the sounds emanate from the surroundings, both natural and man-
made, such as honking cars, rustling leaves, blowing wind, dripping water, or a ringing
phone.
B. BALANCE
Balance is the condition in which acting influences are held in check by opposing
forces or what is on the left side should appear on the right side also in order to
achieve equilibrium.
D. CONTRAST
The juxtaposition of strongly dissimilar elements is called contrast. Dark set
against light, large against small, bright colors against dull are examples of con-
trasts. Visual experience becomes monotonous without contrast. Contrast can be
seen also in the thick and thin areas of a single brushstroke.
E. REPETITION AND RHYTHM
The repetition of visual elements gives a composition of unity, continuity, flow,
and emphasis. Rhythm in visual art is created through the regular recurrence of
elements with related variations.
Elements of Arts
1. LINE
The line is our basic means for recording and symbolizing ideas, observations, and feel-
ings; it is a primary means of visual communication. Lines always have direction. They
are always active.
2. SHAPE
Shape refers to the expanse within the outline of a two-dimensional area or within the
outer boundaries of a three-dimensional object. It may be geometric, which tends to be
precise or regular (circles, triangles, squares) or organic, which are irregular, often curv-
ing or rounded, and seem relaxed and more informal.
3. SPACE
Space is the indefinable, general receptacle of all things. It is continuous, infinite, and
ever-present. The visual arts are sometimes referred to as spatial arts because most of
the art forms are organized in space.
4. VALUE
Value refers to the lightness and darkness of surfaces. It ranges from white to various
grays to black. It can be a property of color or an independent element color.
5. COLOR
Color is a component of light, affects us directly by modifying our thoughts, moods, ac-
tions, and even our health. Color exists only in light, but light itself seems colorless to
the human eye. The so-called "color" is the effect on our eyes of light waves of differing
wavelengths or frequencies.
6. TEXTURE
The textile qualities of surfaces or to the visual representation of those qualities is re-
ferred to as texture, in visual arts. Actual textures are those we can feel by touching.
Simulated textures are those created to look like something other than pain on a flat
surface.
7. PERSPECTIVE
Perspective is a point of view. In visual arts, it can refer to any means of representing
three-dimensional objects in space on a two-dimensional surface. It is a system de-
signed to depict the way objects in space appear to the eye.
The different styles that emerged within the expressionist art movements are:
• Neoprimitivism
• Dadaism
• Fauvism
• Surrealism
• Social realism
Expressionism
Neoprimitivism is an art style of combined elements from the native arts of the South
Sea Islanders and the wood carvings of African tribes. Oval faces and elongated
shapes of African art can be seen in both his sculptures and paintings.
Fauvism is the style of les Fauves (French for "the wild beasts"), a group of early 20th-
century modern artists whose works emphasized with strong colors and visual distor-
tions. The most known artist of Fauvism was Henri Matisse.
Surrealism came from the term "super-realism," a style that depicts an illogical, sub-
conscious dream world. It is a clear expression of departure from reality - as if the artists
were dreaming, seeing illusions, or experiencing a change in mental state.
Social realism is an art movement that expresses the artist's role in social reform. The
artists used their works to show protest against the injustices, inequalities immorality,
and other concerns of the human condition. Social realists have addressed different so-
cial issues for the purpose of increasing people's awareness leading to reforms and
general welfare
B. Abstract
• Cubism
• Futurism
• Mechanical style
• Non-objectivism
The cubist style was derived from the word cube, a three-dimensional geometric figure
composed of lines, planes, and angles.
Pablo Picasso - Spanish painter/sculptor is foremost among the cubists
Futurism is a style of art that began in Italy in the early 1900s. It is an art of fast-paced,
machine-propelled age. Artists draw inspiration through motion, force, speed, and
strength of mechanical forms.
Mechanical Style- In the mechanical style of art, basic forms such as planes, cones,
spheres, and cylinders all fit together in a precise and neat manner.
From the term non-object, works in the non-objectivism style did not make use of fig-
ures or even representations of figures.
Optical art or Op art is another art movement that gives a visual experience – a form of
"action painting," taking place in the viewer's eye, giving the illusion of movement. Pop-
ular art or Pop art is a movement made of the use of commonplace, trivial, even non-
sensical objects that pop artists seemed to enjoy and laugh at.
Consumer Health is not just about buying health products and services. It is also about
making decisions and having a clear and deeper understanding to make wise choices.
(summarized)
Consumer Health refers to the decisions you make about the purchase and use of
health information, products, and services that will have a direct effect on your health. It
has three components namely: health information, health products and healthcare ser-
vices.
Health professionals, health facilities and insurance are the three types of health
providers. One type of insurance is the PhilHealth.
Criteria and guidelines must be considered when availing health services or product.
Details of the product, source of information, feedback mechanisms are some of the
things to be considered. As a wise consumer, you should be able to gather information,
compare available products, and inquire for more so all doubts will be erased.
Health professionals are licensed to practice medicine. Knowing each of these profes-
sionals and their functions can give benefits such as the application of immediate and
appropriate treatment, avoidance of time, resources wastage, and the like. Knowing
them will not also lead someone to avail of fraudulent health services.
6. Healthcare Facilities – These are places or institutions that offer healthcare ser-
vices. There are different types of healthcare facilities. These are the following types of
healthcare facilities:
a. Hospital - It is an institution where people undergo medical diagnosis, care, and
treatment. In the Philippines, there are two classifications of hospitals: general and spe-
cialty. General hospitals have complete medical, surgical, and maternal care facilities.
b. Walk-In Surgery Center - It is a facility that offers surgery without being admitted to
the hospital.
c. Health Center - It is a facility that caters to a specific population with various health
needs.
d. Extended Healthcare Facility - A facility that provides treatment, nursing care, and
residential services to patients, often the elderly.
Consumers receive health information, products, and services from various sources,
thus they may be prone to fraud.
An example of which is quackery. Often described as health fraud, quackery is an ad-
vertisement, promotion, or sale of products and services that have not been scientifi-
cally proven safe and effective. It is being operated by a quack, a person who dishon-
estly pretends to have medical skills or knowledge.
English M1 – M2
Info listening - Make sure you receive the same thoughts which speakers are
trying to convey.
Look for key ideas - Listen carefully to the speaker to find out the main ideas
that he or she
is trying to convey.
Paraphrase - Restate in your own words the message of the speaker. Repeating
the speaker’s
words as he or she says them will strengthen his or her message and help you to
stay
attentive.
Memory - With good memory, we can recall experiences and information from
our lives to help
make sense of information in informational listening.
These aids have two main functions, namely: first, to direct the readers’
attention to important ideas in the text and second, to provide more
information as
a supplement to what is already written.
2.) Illustration
- Visual representation of a subject
- Facilitates better retention of the information presented
3.) Tables
- Information (facts and figures) that are organized and arranged in columns
and rows
- Used to show patterns and relationships that still appeals to the readers’
verbal system, meaning tables are supposed to be read like a text
(Nussbaumer,2011)
Two types of table
- Column headings - found on top of the columns; used to identify the
contents of a specific column
- Row headings – used to define or identify the contents of a specific row
4.) Graphs
- Used “when a simple table cannot adequately demonstrate important
relationships” of and within data (Mind Tools Content Team, 2020)
4 types of graph
- bar graph – uses either vertical or horizontal bars to show the data it
represents but SkillsYouNeed.com (2020) emphasized that these bars do
not touch each other; height of the bar indicates the value it represents: the
longer the bar, the higher the value it represents, the shorter the bar, the
lower the value it represents
- line graph – used to show how numerical data have changed over time
and it is best used to show trend
- pie graphs – show “how a whole is divided into different parts”
(SkillsYouNeed.com, 2020)
- Pictograph - “similar to bar chart but use pictures to symbolize a
countable unit of items” (Google Sites, n.d.).
5.) Maps
- Visual representations of selected characteristics of a place, usually drawn
on a flat surface
2 types of Map
- physical map - includes labels for features such as mountain ranges and
bodies of water
- political map - usually includes labels for features such as cities and
major towns, units such as states or provinces, and bodies of water
English M3
- Elements of a story
Plot
- The plot is the story sequence where the characters
systematically plays their roles. It is also where the setting acts a
supporting element in the development of the story.
- film genre is the term categorizing a film based on some
stylistic criteria. From there, sub-genres are developed.
The category of a film indirectly assists in shaping the char-
acters and the story of the movie. The shaping determines
the plot and setting used. Here are the basic film genres.
Genre Descrip-
tion
Comedy It is generally meant to make people laugh. Its sub-
genres include
slapstick comedy and romantic comedy.
Horror It aims to evoke viewers’ nightmares, fears, and
terrors of the
unknown. Its subgenres include zombie horror and
folk horror.
Action This has tremendous impact, continuous high en-
ergy, lots of physical stunts and activity. Some of its
subgenres are war & military action, spy & espi-
onage action, and martial arts action.
Sci-fi Uses visionary, fictional science-based depictions
through fanciful imaginative settings. Some of its
subgenres are space travel, time travel, robot and
monster films, and alien invasion.
Romance The plot revolves around the love of its main char-
acters such as courtship, forbidden love, or love tri-
angles. Its subgenres include historical romance,
romantic drama, romantic comedy, and chick flick.
Thriller Induces strong feelings of excitement, tension, sus-
pense and other similar emotions. Some of its sub-
genres are conspiracy thriller, crime thriller, and spy
thriller.
Drama This is a serious presentation or stories with settings
or real- life situations that portray realistic characters
in conflict with either themselves, others, or forces of
nature. Its subgenres include political drama, romantic
drama, and melodrama.
Fantasy A film genre that most likely overlaps with sci-fi and
other genres, but it bases its content on some degree
of scientific truth, fairy- tale experiences and mystical
beings.
English M4
The Gorgon’s Head
● Web Source
- Include anything you can find on the internet, which contains a
wealth of high-quality information if you know where to look
- One device is the CRAAP test developed by the Meriam Library
at California State University
- Scholarly articles are published in scholarly journals and are
sometimes called Peer-reviewed articles.
- The CRAAP test can help you determine its Credibility and Suit-
ability
● C.R.A.A.P
C - Currency
- The timeliness of the information
- “ When was the item of information published or produced? “
R - Relevance
- The importance of the information for your needs
- “ How does this source contribute to my research paper? “
A - Authority
- Source of information
- “ Is the person, organization, or institution responsible for the intel-
lectual content of the information knowledgeable in that subject? “
A - Accuracy
- Reliability, truthfulness, and correctness of the information
- “ How free from error is this piece of information? “
P - Purpose
- Reason the information exists
- “ Who is this information written for or why was the information pub-
lished? “
English M6
English M7
Myth
Short story
1. There is a powerful setting that transports the reader into the tale by
appealing to all of the senses. It also plays an important role in
advancing the plot as well as in character development.
2. The characters, including characterization, are well-drawn and
welldeveloped. The readers should find them relatable in terms of the
values they embody and the principles they live by.
3. The plot of the story is original and not predictable. It should be
interesting enough for the reader to find himself drawn to it. Also, the
plot is best enhanced by literary techniques such as suspense,
foreshadowing (using hints or signs that a threat may lie ahead in the
story), flashback, cliffhanger (abruptly ending the story without a clear
resolution for the characters)and plot twist.
4. There should also be an interesting conflict that will move the plot. It
should clearly show how the opposing forces (such as man versus
himself, man versus society, etc.) confront one another and how it can
be resolved.
5. The story should have a relevant theme — one that provides profound
insights about life. The theme is generally timeless, which means that
it will remain true for different generation of readers and across
different backgrounds.
Myth
Myths generally share the same characteristics with short stories, but they
differ in terms of the added features such as having gods and goddesses
as
characters, heroes possessing special abilities, and humans transforming
into a
different creature. Specifically, these are the characteristics to look for in a
myth:
The characters are comprised of a hero with special skills, monsters
who play the villain, and gods and goddesses who may help, reward, or
punish the hero. The hero must be a well-drawn character, showing
relatable traits while displaying great feats.
The plot and conflict usually revolve around the hero’s adventure or
quest, and his success or failure will determine whether he really is a
true hero. One of the common twists in the plot of a myth is
metamorphosis, or the transformation of a character into a different
creature such as a bird, a monster, or a plant. These transformations
are, of course, the gods’ doing. On the sidelines, the plot may also
present a tradition or local belief of the community where the myth
originated.
The setting plays a very important role in helping the readers visualize
the hero’s environment especially during his quest. It should be very
vivid for the reader to picture places such as the Underworld, the forest,
or the abode of the gods.
The myth should leave the readers with a life lesson. Anchored on the
general theme that good deeds are rewarded and evil is punished, the
lessons are usually about moral conduct.
Persuasive Essay
Structure
1. Statement of the thesis, or the theme/topic of an argument. It usually
presents a controversial topic and the writer’s stand about it. A good
thesis should state a truth (e.g. Divorce is not allowed in the
Philippines.) or advocate a cause of action (e.g. English should be used
as the medium of instruction in all public and private
institutions.)Likewise, the thesis should be something that can be
proven.
2. Enumeration of a set of reasons supporting the thesis. This part
elaborates on the necessity of the proposal, its advantages and
workability.
3. Presentation of evidences that substantiate the reasons and
strengthen
the thesis. Evidences and arguments must be laid down carefully for a
persuasive effect. They should appeal to reason or logic, to ethics, and
to emotions.
4. Conclusion which reinforces the thesis and calls for action
TELLS
T - Thesis
E - Evidence
L - Logic
L – Language and style
S - Style
English M8