CHI-SQUARE TEST

Example:
A creamery wants to create advertisements showing boys and girls enjoying their ice cream brand; they
have consulted with you to determine whether gender has a bearing on ice cream flavor preference. You
recruit a group of volunteers and gather two pieces of information from each participant (gender and ice
cream flavor preference) using this self-administered survey card:

Data set: Ch 09 - Example 01 - Chi-Square.sav.

Variable: gender Definition: Gender Type: Categorical (1 = Girl, 2 = Boy)
Variable: icecream Definition: Ice cream flavor preference Type: Categorical (1 = Chocolate, 2 = Strawberry, 3 = Vanilla)

1. Write the hypotheses.

H 0: There is no correlation between gender and ice cream flavor preference.
H 1: There is a correlation between gender and ice cream flavor preference.

2. Run the chi-square analysis.

o click on Analyze => Descriptive Statistics => Crosstabs
o Crosstabs window: load gender into Row(s) and icecream into Column(s) or vice viersa then
check ☑ Display clustered bar charts
o Click on the Statistics button; this will take you to the Crosstabs: Statistics window.
o Crosstabs: Statistics window: check the ☑ Chi-square checkbox.
o Click on the Continue button. This will take you back to the Crosstabs window.
o Click the OK button, and the chi-square will process.

3. Is the pretest criterion met (n is at least 5 per cell in the crosstabs)? YES
4. What is your conclusion?
The chi-square produced a p value of .001, which is less than the specified .05 α level, which
indicates that there is a statistically significant difference between the genders with respect to ice
cream flavor preference. As such, we would reject H 0.

5. Document your findings.

In an effort to discover if gender is associated with ice cream flavor preference Chocolate,
Strawberry, or Vanilla), we surveyed 96 children (46 girls and 50 boys); 48% [22 ÷ 46 = 0.4783]
of the girls preferred Chocolate, whereas 60% [30 ÷ 50 = 0.6000] of the boys preferred
Strawberry. Chi-square analysis revealed a statistically significant difference ( p=0.001, α = 0.05)
between the genders when it comes to ice cream flavor preference.

( O−E )2
Verify the result by computing manually the chi-square statistic ( χ ) using the formula χ =∑
2
. 2
E
Compute for the correlation coefficient using Cramer’s V, V =

rows/columns.
√ χ2
n( j−1)
where j is the smaller number of

CHI-SQUARE TEST

Exercise 1:
A bank wants to determine if a person’s age (group) is associated with his or her preferred bill-paying
method. The research team gathers data using this self-administered survey card:

Data set: Ch 09 - Exercise 01A.sav

1. Write the hypotheses.

2. Run the chi-square analysis.

Is the pretest criterion met (n is at least 5 per cell in the crosstabs)?

Write down the contingency table based from the result.

3. What is your conclusion?

4. Document your findings.

( O−E )2
Verify the result by computing manually the chi-square statistic ( χ 2 ) using the formula χ 2=∑ .
E

Compute for the correlation coefficient using Cramer’s V, V =

rows/columns.
√ χ2
n( j−1)
where j is the smaller number of
CHI-SQUARE TEST

Exercise 2:
You notice that some bus riders wear headphones while others do not, but with so many passengers on so
many different buses, it is hard to estimate if gender is a factor when it comes to wearing or not wearing
headphones. To address this question, you spend the day riding city buses as you unobtrusively record
your observations of each passenger on the following data sheet:

Data set: Ch 09 - Exercise 02A.sav

1. Write the hypotheses.

2. Run the chi-square analysis.

Is the pretest criterion met (n is at least 5 per cell in the crosstabs)?

Write down the contingency table based from the result.

3. What is your conclusion?

4. Document your findings.

( O−E )2
Verify the result by computing manually the chi-square statistic ( χ 2 ) using the formula χ 2=∑ .
E

bc−ad
√
2
Compute for the correlation coefficient using Phi Coefficient, ϕ = or ϕ = χ .
√ efgh n
CHI-SQUARE TEST

Example:
A creamery wants to create advertisements showing boys and girls enjoying their ice cream brand; they