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  • Measures of Position & Shape

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    Franzon Melecio
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    The document discusses various measures of position and shape for descriptive statistics. Measures of position include quantiles like quartiles and percentiles to indicate relative standing, as well as z-scores to represent distance from the mean. Measures of shape include skewness to measure symmetry and kurtosis to quantify peakedness or tail weight. These descriptive statistics are used to analyze and visualize distributions through quantile plots, boxplots, density plots, and correlation between variables.

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    The document discusses various measures of position and shape for descriptive statistics. Measures of position include quantiles like quartiles and percentiles to indicate relative standing, as well as z-scores to represent distance from the mean. Measures of shape include skewness to measure symmetry and kurtosis to quantify peakedness or tail weight. These descriptive statistics are used to analyze and visualize distributions through quantile plots, boxplots, density plots, and correlation between variables.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    10 views16 pages

    Measures of Position & Shape

    Uploaded by

    Franzon Melecio
    The document discusses various measures of position and shape for descriptive statistics. Measures of position include quantiles like quartiles and percentiles to indicate relative standing, as well as z-scores to represent distance from the mean. Measures of shape include skewness to measure symmetry and kurtosis to quantify peakedness or tail weight. These descriptive statistics are used to analyze and visualize distributions through quantile plots, boxplots, density plots, and correlation between variables.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 16

    Measures of Position

    Measures of Shape
    Measures of Position
    • Quantiles => relative position in the data set
    • Quartiles
    • Deciles
    • Percentiles
    • z-scores => distance from the mean

    rcasem@dmmmsu.edu.ph
    Quantiles – quartiles

    𝟏 𝒕𝒉
    𝑸𝟏 = 𝒏+𝟏 𝒐𝒃𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑡
    𝟒

    rcasem@dmmmsu.edu.ph
    Quantiles – quartiles

    𝟏 𝒕𝒉
    𝑸𝟐 = 𝒏+𝟏 𝒐𝒃𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑡
    𝟐

    rcasem@dmmmsu.edu.ph
    Quantiles – quartiles

    𝟑 𝒕𝒉
    𝑸𝟑 = 𝒏+𝟏 𝒐𝒃𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑡
    𝟒

    rcasem@dmmmsu.edu.ph
    Descriptive Summaries: position

    rcasem@dmmmsu.edu.ph
    Outliers and Shape of Data Distribution
    IQR can be used to detect outliers:
    <
    >

    <
    >

    rcasem@dmmmsu.edu.ph
    z-scores => distance from the mean

    z-score can be used to detect outliers:


    <
    >

    rcasem@dmmmsu.edu.ph
    Density Plots

    SKEWNESS measures the symmetry of a data set.


    KURTOSIS measures the peakedness/tail-heaviness of the distribution.
    rcasem@dmmmsu.edu.ph
    Density Plots

    SKEWNESS measures the symmetry of a data set.


    KURTOSIS measures the peakedness/tail-heaviness of the distribution.
    rcasem@dmmmsu.edu.ph
    Measures of Shape
    SKEWNESS measures the symmetry of a data set.
    KURTOSIS measures the peakedness/tail-heaviness of the distribution.

    rcasem@dmmmsu.edu.ph
    Descriptive Summaries: shape

    rcasem@dmmmsu.edu.ph
    Example

    rcasem@dmmmsu.edu.ph
    Example

    rcasem@dmmmsu.edu.ph
    Example

    rcasem@dmmmsu.edu.ph
    Bivariate Descriptive Statistics
    • Pearson correlation coefficient

    rcasem@dmmmsu.edu.ph

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