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if
Recall that
its tables
of values are:
In comparison, f(2) = 7.
2013
46
1.4 Limits of Polynomial, Rational,
recall and Radical Functions
20XX 70
We also have the following:
a. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒆𝒙 = 𝒆𝟏 = 𝟐 . 𝟕𝟏𝟖 …
𝒙→𝟏
b. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒆𝒙 = 𝒆𝟐 = 𝟕 . 𝟑𝟖𝟗 …
𝒙→𝟐
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EVALUATING LIMITS OF
LOGARITHMIC
FUNCTIONS
Example 4 :
Evaluate the
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙.
𝒙→𝟎
left right
We also have the following:
2.2 Some Special Limits
introduction
We will determine the
limits of three special
functions; namely,
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒕
𝒇(𝒕) = ,
𝒕
𝟏−𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒕
𝐠(𝒕) = , and
𝒕
𝒆𝒕 −𝟏
𝐡(𝒕) = .
𝒕
20XX presentation title 81
EVALUATING LIMITS OF
THREE SPECIAL
FUNCTIONS
Example 1 :
Evaluate the
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒕
𝐥𝐢𝐦 .
𝒕→𝟎 𝒕
left right
EVALUATING LIMITS OF
THREE SPECIAL
FUNCTIONS
Example 2 :
Evaluate the
𝟏−𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒕
𝐥𝐢𝐦 .
𝒕→𝟎 𝒕
left right
EVALUATING LIMITS OF
THREE SPECIAL
FUNCTIONS
Example 3 :
Evaluate the
𝒕
𝒆 −𝟏
𝐥𝐢𝐦 .
𝒕→𝟎 𝒕
left right
EVALUATING LIMITS OF
INDETERMINATE FORM
𝟎
" "
𝟎
by factoring or by rationalizing
Example 4 :
Evaluate
𝒙 𝟐 +𝟐𝒙 +𝟏
𝐥𝐢𝐦 .
𝒙→−𝟏 𝒙 +𝟏
Continuity on an Interval
Continuity of Functions 3.2
More on Continuity
(Different Types of
Discontinuities)
3.3
3.1 Continuity at a Point
20XX
Consider the graph below. Is the
function continuous at x =1?
20XX
Consider the graph of the If we trace the graph from the left
function h(x) below. Is the
of x =0 going to right of x =0, we
function continuous at x =0 ?
have to lift our pen since at the left
of x =0, the function values will go
downward indefinitely, while at the
right of x =0, the function values will
go to upward indefinitely. In other
words,
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Suppose we are not
given the graph of a function
but just the function itself.
How do we determine if the function
is continuous at a given number?
In this case, we have to check
three conditions.
3.2 Continuity on an Interval
Consider the graph of the
function f given below.
Using the given graph,
determine if the function f is
continuous on the following
intervals:
a. (-1,1)
b. (-∞,0)
c. (0,+∞)
20XX
Using the given
graph, determine if
the function f is
continuous on the
following intervals:
a. (-1,1)
b. (-∞,0)
c. (0,+∞)
Consider the graph
of the function h.
Determine using the
given graph if the
function f is
continuous on the
following intervals:
a. (-1,1)
b. [0.5, 2]
3.3 Different Types of
Discontinuities
Let’s examine the following
functions, at the respective values 1, 4, and 0.
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REMOVABLE DISCONTINUITY
The discontinuity of g at
the point x =1 is manifested
by the hole in the graph of
y = g(x) at the point (1,2).
This is due to the fact that
f(1) is equal to 1 and not 2,
while lim g(x) = 2.
x→1
Removable or Hole
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ESSENTIAL DISCONTINUITY
The graph confirms that the
discontinuity of h(x) at x =4is
certainly not removable. The
discontinuity is not just a
matter of having one point
missing from the graph and
putting it in; if ever, it is a
matter of having a part of the
graph entirely out of place. If
we force to remove this kind of
discontinuity, we need to Jump Essential
connect the two parts by a
vertical line from (4,5) to (4,3).
ESSENTIAL DISCONTINUITY
Because the limits are
infinite, the limits from both
the left and the right of x=0
do not exist, and the
discontinuity cannot be
removed. Also, the
absence of a left-hand (or
right-hand) limit from which
to “jump” to the other part
of the graph means the
discontinuity is permanent.
As the graph indicates, the
two ends of the function
that approach x = 0
continuously move away
from each other: one end
goes upward without
bound, the other end goes
downward without bound.
This translates to an
asymptotic behavior as x-
values approach 0; in fact,
we say that x =0is a
vertical asymptote of f(x).
Infinite Essential or
Asymptotic
Your Turn!
Enumerate all
discontinuities
of f(x) and
identify their
types. If a
discontinuity is
removable,
state the
redefiniton that
will remove it.
Hint: There are 6
discontinuities.
Your Turn!
Determine whether the
function is continuous or 1.
not on the given points
or number. If the function
is discontinuous,
determine the type of
discontinuity; and
redefine functions if 2.
necessary.
thank you
presentation by: Mrs. Aimme Rose R. De Vera