The Academic Performance of the Students in Relation To

Their Parents Occupation

A research paper presented to

RITO MONTE de RAMOS SENIOR MEMORIAL HIGH SCHOOL
As a requirement in the subject
Practical Research II

Researchers
Nesa L. Salazar
Kyla Manubay
Michael Angelo Gay
Yurry Palero
Roselyn Humamoy
Lerianne Cabalo

S.Y- 2022-2023
 CHAPTER I
Introduction

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In this study ,parents will understand better how their children’s performance in school if they
have good income to provide their needs. Regular communication between students and their parents
allow them both to solve problems that might affect of the schooling of the students. The study
establishes that parental occupation influences students academic performance. Parents should serve as
a good model for their children in their respective occupation so as to positively influence their
academic performance . Parents are children’s first teachers; children learn from their parents and
environment both consciously and unconsciously.

Saifi (2011) good parental occupation has a positive effect on the academic achievement of students. It
is a fact that families where the parents are privileged educationally ,socially and economically ,promote
a higher level of achievement in their offspring who gives higher levels of psychological support for their
children through enriched atmosphere that promote and encourage the development of skills required
for success at school.

The Academic performance of the Students in RMSMNNHS are highly computed in the school system ,it
is computed by grading scale which below 75 are failed. Scored above average are considered having
passed and below average which students considered as failed. The tracking of academic performance
fulfils a number of purposes and areas of performance and failure in students academic career
need ,and it would be evaluated in order to foster improvement and make full use of learning process.
When parents have a better occupation ,they make adequate provision for their children's
education .They provide economic, social, psychological and emotional support to their children ,and
this would make it possible for the children to perform well in their educational attainment.
(Gachathi,1976)

This study used a correlational design. This is because it would determine the relationship between the
variables . The design was also used to determine the relationship between academic performance of
the students and their parent’s occupation.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to determine the relationship of academic performance of the students to their parents
occupation . Specifically, it aims to answer the following:

1. What is the percentage of parent’s occupation? In terms of:

1.1 with stable jobs
1.2 without stable jobs
2. What is the effect of parental occupation on academic performance of the students?
3. Is there significant relationship between academic performance of the students and parents
occupation?
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study focus on senior high school students in RMSMNNHS ,as researchers we encouraged to
increase the sample size for better results. The measurement of academic performance was solely on
individual respondents whether the occupation of their parents affect their academic results.

SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY

This study would be a great help to the following:

To the students,

It helps them realize how important Education is and realize to study hard to achieve more
academic success.

To the Parents,

This research will lead them to stay active in their jobs to work to provide a needs of their children
and to guide their children’s behaviors at school and at home

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

•Working Parents

•Non- working parents

To motivate learners providing

their needs monitoring learning
progress
•Parent’s Regular salary
earning

•Parent’s Irregular salary

earning
Student’s Academic
performance in RMSMNNHS

•Both Parents working

•One of parents are working

•Both Parents are not

working
THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

This study is supported by the Epstein’s theory of parental involvement.

The work of Dr. Joyce Epstein has supported the meaning of parent involvement and identified the
premise stating that parent involvement should go beyond school and home, inviting a partnership
between homes, schools and communities (Wright, 2009). In the six types of Parental Involvement
framework, Epstein implied that guardians who were informed and engrossed in their children’s
trainings can bring sanguinely impact their child’s attitude and performance.

The six types of involvement interactions take action as a framework for classifying behaviors,
responsibilities, and deeds performed by school personnel and family and community members,
working hand in hand to augment involvement and student achievement that activate within the theory
of overlapping spheres (Epstein et al., 2002). The six types of involvement are delineated in the chase
conduct.

The six types of Parental Involvement Framework

Parenting Communicating Learning at Home

Six types of Parental Involvement

Collaborating with
Volunteering Decision Making
Community

Research Hypothesis

Ho: There is no significant relationship between Academic performance of the students and Parents
occupation.

Ha: There is significant relationship between Academic performance of the students and parents
occupation.
 CHAPTER Il

Review of Related Literature

Umar (2012) pointed out that poverty contributes a lot towards the academic failure, not simply
because poor children are cultural disadvantage but because of their natural background is inadequate
to allow for the maximum mental development and for the realization of their academic potentials.

Abubakar, (2013)stated that, income level of parents can decide the extent parents can go for their
children to enhance their learning process for good academic performance. Parents of low income level
are members of the low class; they usually tend to place less value of education owing to their inability
to meet up with catering for the necessary academic needs of their children. They also tend to be
unserious with proper education for their children. In this situation, their children likely find education
not pleasurable, therefore it may fail to achieve good academic performance to great extent ,financial
background of parents, contributes a lot towards the academic performance of their children. This is
certainly true because paying school fees, provision of learning materials and facilities all requires fund
and fund sit self can be obtained from the income of parents. A child does well in academics when there
is provision of all necessary academic needs that foster learning process for good academic performance
for the child.

Sa'ad (2013) stated that access to education differs depending on the income level. Income level of
parents reflects on difference of enrolment of students into school and graduation of students. Only few
children from poor background remain in schools due to higher level of financial cost of schooling .
Parents of low income level usually fail in providing the needs for their children to encourage their
learning so as to promote their academic performance .

Memo, et al.(2010) in their research on the impact of socioeconomic status on students’ educational
achievement at secondary schools districts of Malir , Karachi, in Indian. They found that there was
significance relationship between parents’ occupation and students’ academic performance in
matriculation examination. Students whose fathers have better occupation performed well in
matriculation examination than those students whose fathers have a less prestigious occupation.
Fathers with the high occupation are in a better condition to assist and encourage their children toward
educational attainment. They can provide whatever is needed to support and encourage their children
morally, intellectually, spiritually and psychologically. But parents with less prestigious occupation due
to instability and financial problems cannot provide adequate modern facilities to enhance their children
education. Mother’s occupation also influences students’ academic performance. It was observed that
students with a mother who have better occupation performed well in matriculation examination than
their peers from mothers with less prestigious occupation.

Also Saifullahi, (2011) pointed out that parents’ occupation significantly influence students’
achievement. He used the data from three different colleges in Gujarat district. The result indicated that
children of government employees secured more marks (60.02%) than the private job holders, because
of the certainty and reliability of the government jobs. Parents with government jobs are more secured,
and their family are at peace relatively compared to those who work in the private organization.

John (2012), stated that academic performances are likely dependent on families at the lower end of the
social scale where the father and or mother are unemployed or perform unskilled or semi-skilled work.
Nuhu (2013), stated that poverty which is associated with low income families has made learning
inadequate, poor academic performance, and impossible for children to meet the required demands in
academic performance. In this context, the income level of parents will affect the academic performance
of the students. Poverty can also make parents of low financial background less willing to keep their
children in schools because of the difficulty to provide them with learning materials which would keep
them to learn effectively. A poverty result from low income level is drastically affects academic
performance of students . Children of low income parents are usually less successful in academic
performance than the children of parents living above poverty level. It is believed that low income
background has significant effects on the academic achievement of the students because low income
background is the obstruction of access to every important resource and creates additional tension and
stress at home (Eamon 2005; Jeynes 2012).

According to charles (2013) occupational status measures social position by describing job
characteristics, decision making, ability & control and psychological demand on the job. Ahmad et al.
(2013) suggested that a series of questions were asked to parents and guardians about the financial
circumstances surrounding children school enrolment in Tanzania. Their answer was no more than
economic problem militating against their children to school. Wang (2010) also mentioned poverty as a
contributing factor of children drop out in rural areas of China. Parents with less prestigious occupation
fail to make adequate provisions to support their children in their educational attainment, and result in
poor academic performance or even dropout. Farkahanda (2013) in his analysis of gender and
socioeconomic status on the academic achievement of secondary high school students of Luck now a
city in India, found out that male and female students perform academically well than their peers from
low socioeconomic status. High socioeconomic status parents provide necessary facilities regarding their
children education, health and understand their problems related to the adolescent period that affects
their academic achievement. Faisal Ibrahim, M.A. (2014) in his research conducts to find out the
influence of parental socioeconomic status on their involvement in their children’s education in Jordan.
He revealed that the relationship between parental occupation and parental involvement at home was
moderate in some strategies. It shows that parent with the prestigious occupations is more likely to
identify their children’s problem to give a possible solution. They also help them to do their homework
by providing facilities necessary for learning development. It is possible as a prestigious occupation is
connected with income level. Prestigious occupation parents have better income stability that would
make it easier to them to make adequate provisions to their children’s learning development.

Brown et al. (2020) admonished that students and parents are important stakeholders who should be
consulted in the decision-making process; therefore, considered central in the evaluation of the school’s
performance and future direction. In most African countries, the socio-economic background of parents
tends to affect the academic performance of students. In some Kenyan communities, Orodho (2013)
stressed that academic achievement was undermined by parents’ socio-economic status and political
factors. This was further cemented by Nadenge (2015) who stated that parents’ socio-economic
background influenced the academic performance of students in Nairobi. In Ghana, some scholars have
conducted research on socio-economic status and academic performance. In the study by Adane (2013)
on the factors that account for low academic performance in Kemp Methodist Junior High School in
Aburi, Eastern Region of Ghana, she identified school environmental factors, home conditions, teacher
factors, and pupils’ characteristics as significantly affecting pupils’ academic performance. Subsequently,
Mensah (2013) investigated the socioeconomic background of students in Saint Monica College of
Education and the results of the study showed that parents’ educational level, occupation and income
levels had an impact on the academic performance of students. Based on the studies stated above, it
can be seen that, over the years, various studies concerning the factors that influence the academic
performance of the students have been conducted. Most of the studies have also looked at the effects
of socio-economic status of parents on the academic performance of students but little has been done
on the mediating roles of parental involvement .

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study ,which employed a correlational design, examined the association between student’s
academic performance and their parent’s occupation .

THE SAMPLE AND INSTRUMENT

The researchers examined the 100 students in each of distinct strand. The total population of the
senior high school students is 167 and the researchers gave 60% of the total population as the
respondents of the study.

The researchers used a checklist as an instrument in a utilized form of data collection in this study.

DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE

The researchers obtained Mrs. Risa Salem Penaredondo ,the principal of the school ,to grant them
permission to administer the study instrument to the respondents’ advisors. The students must respond
to a correlation survey questioner. The obtained data will be compared, collated, and grouped based on
the most frequent responses.

DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

The completed responses obtained from the student’s checklist

(SQ) were coded using Percentages to test the Relationship between

parents' occupational status (parents' income) and academic performance of students CHAPTER IV
 Chapter IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Table1. Percentage of Respondents on Parent’s Occupation

Variance Sample Percentage

Fisherman 13 13%
Office clerk 2 2%
Farmer 16 16%
Businessman/Businesswoman 5 5%
OFW 7 7%
Factory Worker 3 3%
Glass Supplier 2 2%
Carpenter 3 3%
Construction Worker 8 8%
Seaman 3 3%
Teacher 6 6%
Maid 11 11%
Waitress 2 2%
Health worker 4 4%
Fish Vendor 4 4%
Total 100 100%

Table 2. Percentage of Respondents on Parent’s Income

Variance Sample Percentage

Below 10,000 PHP. 83 83%
10,000 PHP.-40,000 PHP.. 14 14%
Above 40,000 PHP. 3 3%
TOTAL 100 100%

Table 3. Distribution of the Respondents

Gender Grade and Section

Males Females 11- 11- 11- 12- 12- 12-
GAS HUMSS TVL GAS HUMSS TVL
FEQ. 42 58 19 17 7 20 16 21
% 42% 58% 19% 17% 7% 20% 16% 12%
Table 4. Statements in relation of Academic Performance and Parent’s Income as Perceived

With stable jobs Percentage

S1. Family level effects my 70%
academic performance.
S2.When my family income 77%
improves, my monthly
stipend/allowance also
improves.
S3. My academic performance 50%
improves when my family
income improves
S5.Wether no money or have 99%
money ,I always perform better
in my academic performance.
S6.Family financial aid is easier 62%
than external aids.
S7.I prefer family financial 86%
support than external financial
support.
Without stable jobs Percentage
S4. .My parents have money but 9%
are not ready to fully pay for my
education expenses.

Table 5. Student’s Academic Performance

Average Grade Verbal Interpretation Sample

98 -100 Excellent 0
90-97 Very Satisfactory 35
85-90 Satisfactory 30
80-85 Average 25
75-80 Below Average 12
75 Poor 0
Total= 100
 Chapter V

DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

Based on the data collected from one hundred (100) respondents in the table above, academic
performance (a dependent variable) and parent’s income (an independent variable) are so because the
academic performance of the students depends on the income of their parent’s occupation, as shown in
table 4. Based on the statement they answered and the percentage presented, the academic
performance of the students was highly affected by the income of their parent’s occupation. In table 5,
it shows that there are some students who weren’t really affected by their parent’s occupation. The
table above shows that there is a significant relationship between the academic performance of the
students and their parent’s occupation. The table above also shows that there is no significant
relationship between the academic performance of the students and parent's occupation.

CONCLUSIONS

It is paramount to note that parental occupation in this research appears to have a significant

Influence on students‘ performance. Therefore, if the parents have a low salary, it will affect the
student’s academic performance .

RECOMMENDATION

parent should support their children in the passing of their education by making necessary

provisions needed to enhance learning.

Teachers should understand and appreciate the diverse domestic environment of their

students.

Future researchers should try to conduct more researchers on the factors affecting academic

performance at other grade levels.

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