AC Circuits Part 1 Single Phase (1) System “THE ESTABLISHED LEADER IN EE REVIEW” MULTIVECTOR Review and Training Center Rm. 867, Ground Floor, Isabel Bldg. F. Cayco corner Espaiia Sts. Sampaloc, Manila Tel. No. 7317423MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) CIRCUITS PARTI le Phase (14) System ‘An alternating quantity either current or voltage is that which acts in alternate direction and whose magnitude undergoes a definite cycle of change in a definite interval of time, Peak to peak value Ber we Negative peak — atcmaton |g Le —— 1 eye 660") “27 ‘Cycle ~a complete change in value and direction of an alternating quantity. A cycle of alternating voltage and current completes in 360 electrical degrees, There are two (2) alternations per cycle. el degree —— Rca acer afr aire EX y = a @) . ere a {- fequeney, er (2) o eps ro 3G) LF Pnovof ples i E : Ne apesd a ¢ FD gpectr'eel deg = (Oo wey, med erin CT te metas sompet one ee z)* © as OL é a T> Gore ae Zoe 1 u f ‘Wave length (A) ~ the length of one complete wave or cycle or the distance traveled by the wave in one cyele. le) “> Vin Sin we ~ Vu Sin O Umacimin Ualie of voltage InStontanessS value ©] Voltase 1. For eléctromagnetic waves, the velocity (v) in air or vacuum is 186,000 mis or 3 x 10" em/s, which is the speed of light, 2. For sound waves, the velocity (v) in air is 1,130 As velocity end “Frequency.” T be cleadtag YAH) Ym creat — acCircuits eon 99°09 Be hase angle of aicplacement Wl = Veastin (wh PBR 1 0f10 Ya= VG) = Um cin (ox)From the above figur w(t 's sin ot volls where: ¥(0) = instantaneous value of voltage, volts imum value of voltage, volts angular frequency, rad/see ime, seconds Similarly, if the above voltage wave isa current wave, then the equation is i sin ot Amp instantaneous value of current, amperes Iq maximum value of current, amperes Note: ot whose unit is radian can be replaced by 6 expressed in degrees. wn) v0 From the above figure, Ye Vee LE v(t) = Va sin ot volts iy r = 2x9 = Va sin (ot +0) volts = tse dome’n v(t) = Vm sin (wt - 8) volts where += leading or ahead - @= lagging or behind = phase angle or angle of displacement Oo: Uy m= 41a ey Weta, Page 2 of 10cl MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER Value ~ the value of alternating quantity at any instant. Maximum Value ~ the maximum value attained by an alternating quantity during positive or negative half eycle, This is also called the peak value, or amplitude of alternating quantity Average Value ~ the average of all the instantaneous values of half (either positive or negative) cycle of alterna ‘quantity. 0.636 Om [hall eycle) ‘or sinusoidal voltage wave, Vare ™ ave Fi idal voltage wave, Vaye™ 0.636 Vey ee rei csjole For sinusoidal current wave, Ine ~ 0.636 la Cave * Effective Value ~ the value of alternating quantity which when applied to a given circuit for a given time produces the ‘same expenditure of energy as when d.c is applied to the same circuit for the same interval of time, The effective value is also called as the “root-mean-square” (rms) value - Res oy Efrectwé For sinusoidal voltage Wave, Vimy = 0.707 Vi, For sinusoidal current wave, Imes ~ 0.707 Ing Rene > €.707 Qm For other waves, average value of voltage and current is given by ae f fat + a dt Vee fie It and for RMS of Effective value Vos Yo de | Tome T Effective value b Fame | — alee FO at For sine wave, Form factor = 1.11 = Maximum value Effective value Crest or peak factor For sine wave, Crest or peak factor = 1.414 AC Circuits Page 3 of 10where: V = effective or RMS voltage ve or RMS current R= effective or ac resistance For sinusoidal voltage supply, Ve Phasor diagra SS o Lis in phase with V 1. Real or True or Active or Average Power P= Vicos 0 watts Val 2 P= ER watts cos 0 watts 2. Reactive Power Q=VI sin 8 volt-ampere reactives (vars) ° Vonks sin 9 vars 2 Q- 3. Apparent Power S=VI_ voltampere (va) seven va MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER Power Triangle: 8 = power factor (p.£) angle or phase angle ower factor = cos 6 = P/S Hf = reactive ector= sin 0 = QS tan 0 = QP For Pure R, since 0 = 0° p.£.= cos 0° = 1 or unity Energy expended, W> Pt joules or watt-see Pure Induetan: =>! where: reactance in ohms Xm ol = 2nfl.O f= frequency, Hz L= inductance, henry (H) For sinusoidal voltage supply, Phasor diagram: Tags V by 90° AC Circuits Page 4 of 10For Pure L, since 8 = 90° P=Vi-cas 90° = 0 Q=Visin 90° = VE S=VvI S-Q Energy expended, PL 2 wie joules Pure Capacitance a X= capacitive reactance in ohms 1 Hi ee C= capacitance, frad (F) For sinusoidal voltage supply, Phasor diagram: It @=90° 7 Tleads V by 90° Joules MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER Rand L in Series Tis constant Xi =eL=20f.0 ve WEY, Ve UR =X? V= IZ vols where: Z= impedance in ohms WRX! p= 605 0 = Va/V=RIZ ref. = sin @= VUV= XyU/Z tan = VUVq= XUR Impedance Triangle: Also, AC Circuits Page $ of 10,me MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER Wrive WRFKE! = IZ volts where Z=NRFXE p.l.= cos 0= ValV = RIZ rf.=sin@ = VolV © XolZ tan = VolV_= XoIR Impedance Triangle: 4 R RLC in Series Note: Also, X= aL =2nf. 0 ene eae” ORie v= Wet va V=1YRT= OXF V=IZvols 2 WRT RRS 205 0 = Va/V = RUZ, (VL= Ve = X~ XoVZ. tan 0= (Vi -VolVa = (Xt ~ XeYR ‘Transpose Xt and Xe if Xe >X1. P=VI(p-£)=PR=Va/R watts Q= Vi (e£) =F (X-Xe) Q5 WK) ~ Ve'iXe) S=VI=PZ= Viz va STE va AC Circuits Page 6 of 10Vis constant. = ol = 2XfLO I= VR; = VR Phasor diagram: Wears vy REX Wave = RX I= ViZ amp, where: = impedance in ohms Also, Sh I Ik © v u v f~ R Cc 1 L a oC 2nfC VIR § To= Vike MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER Phasor diagram: le Ir where: sin @ = Telly We g 2 Pj S= Vip IeZ= Viz va s-VFTF we ot_.!_a ee oC 2xfC I= VIR. = VIX 5 1e= ViKe I= Vig? + =I) a NKIXC + KEK We RX y= V/Z amperes AC Circuits Page 7 of 10,pl. = c05 8 = Iq/lp= ZR FE= sin 8 = (1, — Lo an 6 = (I~ [ein R (Xe~ Xi)! XX Note: Transpose I, and le if > Te Impedance in Complex Form 1. For Pure R Z=R+j0 2, ForPure L Z~O+iX.0 ~ Z= 1x L290" 3. For Pure C Z=0-iXc0 Z= Ixclzor0 4, For Series RL Z=R4IX.2 ZAR XE 240 z1200 where: 0° <0<90° 5. For Series RC Z=R-iXcO Z=NRV XT ZO z= |z129a where: 0° <8 <90° 6. For Series RLC ZR i -X9O Z=NR™+ (X= Xe) £20 z=\zlz+09 Note: +8, ifX,>Xe +8, 1fXe> X In general, Z= R+jX where + jx “ix inductive reactance apacitive reactance * For the complex expression of an impedance, angle ranges from 0° to 90° only either positive or negative, Mathematically, 0° < 6 < 90°, MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER Z (Xe ~ XINiXe Impedances in Series Epa Lut Zy4 Dat cess ty Impedances in Parallel Loi ht hh For two (2) impedances in parallel, __hik, ae Zitky In the above equations, impedances must be in complex form. Note Admittance (¥) ~is the reciprocal of impedance Z. mho or siemen Conductance (G)-~ is the reciprocal of resistance R. mho or siemen ‘Susceptance (B) ~ is the reciprocal of reactance X. B= mho orsiemen x Inductive susceptanee. By, = VX. Capacitive susceptance. Be™ Ke In complex form, Y°GsjB susceptance Be JB = inductive susceptance By ‘Admitances in Series ae Yr oY 2 Ys <. For two (2) admittances in series, Ys eyes Paral YVa= Yt Yat Yat eo #¥q Note: Inthe above equations, admittances ‘must be expressed in complex form. AC Circuits Page 8 of 10@ Power plex Form 1. Voltage Conjugate Method S=[x Conjugate of V with MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER respect to the horizontal axis 2. Current Conjugate Method S=V x Conjugate of E with fespect tothe horizcntal axis, sev secon cote T ova Ete whee: * Sewer ine {= conupte ofthe eet, Perea sores oe ra ae Q= reactive power, vars Note: Cement pees 4 =O scopacve (pt ineaing) Votre oie 3G induct pt is gang) 12 conjugate voltage, vs Opener for ange ot Resonance is capacitive (pis leading) 1 Qis inductive (pf is lagging) is said to be in resonance when the applied voltage V and the resulting current I are in phase. Thus at resonance, the equivalent complex impedance of the circuit consists of only resistance R. Since V and I are in phase, the power factor of a resonant circuit is unity Series Resonance (For RLC in Series) At resonance, lL W=Ve 2 R=Xe 3. 4 1 3. = vic where @,= angular frequency at Tesonance, rad/see 6. u 2ae where f= resonant frequency, hertz (112) 7. Supply voltage, V =Vp, 8. Z=R~> a pure resistance Z.is minimum. 9. Total reactance, Xr= 0 10. [= ViZ=VR = is maximum, 11. p= 1 orunity 12. S=PVI 13. Q=0 Parallel Resonance/Antiresonance (For RLC in Parallel) At resonance, Lyd cee Dis 7. Supply voltage, V “Vx 8. Z= Ra pure resistance Zis maximum. 9. Total reactance, Xr=0 10. n=l AL p= Lorunity 12. S=P=VI 3.9 AC Circuits Page 9 of 10Parallel Resonance, Two-Branch Circui v ‘e Atresonance, Bu= Be MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER 0,= aa; 0) = Inf so Vie 4, For Parallel RLC, a= R aurea! This isthe reciprocal of Q, for series RLC. Effective Value of a Nonsinusoidal Current or eal /Re-uc “amie \f RE-LIC Quality Factor 0 The quality factor of coils, capacitors and circuits is defined by _ 5. _maximum stored energy Q° 2 creray dissipated per cycle 1. For Series RL, ol 2nft. R R 1 It @CR 2nfCR 3. For Series RLC, at resonance ak an# Q= &-f BW where Voltage Wave fective value of the current V = effective value of the voltage 4. = de component of the current ic component of the voltage maximum value of the ac component of the current, subscript indicates the degree of the harmonic, (ie., | for the fundamental or predominant sinusoidal component, 2 for second harmonic, 3 for third harmonic andl soon) Vp. = maximum value of the ac component ‘ofthe voltage, subscript indicates the degree of the harmonic Harmonics ~ components of the current or voltage in which, the frequencies are multiples of the fundamental Note: indamental frequency 2f= 2% harmonic frequency 3f=3" harmonic frequency f and f; are the frequencies corresponding (o the half-power points. BW = bandwidth which is the distance between half-power points, measured in hertz (HZ) AC Circuits Page 10 of 10,MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER 2 AC CIRCUITS PART | — SINGLE PHASE SYSTEM EXERCISES: REE - Sept. 2013 1, The value of form factor for a pure sine wave is A144 B. 0.707 C.0.637 D144 2. In an experiment, a sinusoidal wave form is observed to complete 8 cycles in 25 msec. Determine the frequency of the wave form. A. 320 Hz B. 40 Hz ©. 200 Hz D. 64 Hz REE ~ Sept, 2007 3. Wavelength is the distance traveled by an electronic wave during the time of one cycle. Given a wavelength of 12 meters, what is the frequency? ‘A. 250 KHZ B. 25 KHZ ©. 250 MHZ D. 25 MHZ 4. If emf in a circuit is given by e = 100 sin 628t, the maximum value of voltage and frequency is A. 100 V, 50 Hz B.100V, 100Hz —C. 80V2 V,50Hz —_—D. 50V2 V, 100 Hz REE ~ April 2007 5. What is the complex expression for a given alternating current, i = 250 sin(wt - 25 deg)? A. 227 +106 B. 160-j75 ©. 227-108 D. 160 + j75 6. A sinusoidal voltage wave has an RMS value of 70.71 V and a frequency of 60 Hz. Determine the value of the voltage 0.0014 second after the wave crosses the ut axis. A.70.71V B.100V C.50V D.141.42V REE ~ Sept. 2010 7. Ina single-phase circuit Vs = 84.85 + j84.85 v and Vs = 96.59 — j25.88 v with respect to a reference node 0. Calculate Vis. A-11.74-j110.73v B.11.744j110.73v ©. 11.74-110.73v D.-11.74+j110.73v REE ~ April 2003, 8. Whatis the rms value of a square wave with an amplitude of 10 A and frequency of 1 Hz? AO B.10A C.5A D.7.07A REE - October 2000 9. A sinusoidal current wave has a maximum value of 20 A. What is the average value of one-half cycle? AS 8.12.7 ©. 14.14 Do REE ~ April 1997 10. A wire carries a current, i = 3 cos 314t amperes. What is the average current over 6 seconds? AOA B.1.5A C.3.0A, D. 0.532 A 14. The rms value of a half-wave rectified current is 100 A. Its value for full wave rectification would be amperes, Aa 4K B. 200A, ©. 200/nA D.40/nA 12. A half wave rectified sine wave has an average value of 100 amp. What is the effective value? A187 A B.444 A C.70.71A D. 100A,aD MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER Gal) AC CIRCUITS 13. The form factor of a half-wave rectified alternating current is Add B.1.57 C.1.73 D.1.0 14. Three alternating currents are given by i, =141 sin (at + 45°); ip =30 sin (@t +90°); ig = 20 cos ( ot~120°). Find the equation of resultant current. A. 167.4 sin (ot + 45.66°) B. 748 sin ot C. 143.8 sin (ot +51.4°) D. 64,7 sin (ot- 30°) REE - Sept. 2006 15. When the sole purpose of ac is to produce heat, the selection of conductor is based on value of the current. A Average B. Instantaneous C. RMS. D. Peak 16. The maximum value of a sine wave AC voltage which will produce heat in a resistor at the same average rate as 115 V of direct current is A813V B.115V C. 162.6V D.230V 17. A sinusoidal voltage source has a peak value of 150 volts. What equivalent DC voltage source would produce the same heating effect in a 1 ohm resistor? A15V B.212V C.95V D. 106 V 18. The effective value of v(t)=100+Asinat is known to be 103.1. The amplitude A of the sine term is A B.4.85 C. 36.48 D. 100 19.An alternating current and a direct current flows simultaneously in the same conductor. If the effective value of the AC is 8 A and DC is 12 A, what will an AC ammeter read when connected in the circuit? A. 14.42A B.12A C. 11.664 D. 16.49A REE ~ April 2013 20. The power factor of incandescent bulb is A. 0.8 lagging B. 0.8 leading C. unity D. zero 21. An impedance draws a current i = 10 cos (ot -30*) A from a v = 220 sin atvolts. What is the power? A.550W B. 1100 W C.190.5W D. 1320W REE - October 2000 22. A series circuit has an applied voltage of V = 220sin(wt + 30°) and draws a current |= 10sin(ot - 30°) ‘What is the average power and power factor of the circuit? A. 1,905 W, 86.6% lagi B. 1,905 W, 86.6% lagging C. 2,200 W, 100% D. 1,100 W, 50% lagging 23. The effective voltage across a circuit element is (20 + j10) V and the effective current through the element is 4 —j3 A. Calculate the true and the reactive power taken by the element. A. 50 watts & 100 Vars lagging B. 20 watts & 100 Vars leading C. 110 watts & 20 Vars lagging D. 110 watts & 20 Vars leadingsite |G CENTER Ce, 24. A 110-volt AC line feeds two circuits in parallel. The currents are (2.2 — j8.5) A and (1.8 — j3.5) A. The power consumed by the two circuits is approximately A. 1,185 watts B. 440 watts C. 755 watts D. 433 watts MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAIL AC CIRCUITS REE — April 2013, 25. A current is given by the expression i = 2.5sinwt + 0.8sin3wt + 0.5sinSwt. What is the rms value of the current? A154A B.26A C.2.544 D.1.89A REE ~ May 2009 26. The current thru an inductor with inductance of 1 mH is given as i(t) = 0.010 sin 10° t A. What is the voltage across this inductor? A. 100 sin 10°tv B.10cos 10°tv CC. 10 sin 10°tv D. 100 cos 10°t v REE — Sept. 2007 27. The capacitive reactance X, of a circuit varies inversely as the capacitance C of the circuit. If the capacitance of a certain circuit is decreased by 25%, by what percentage will X. change? A. 25% increase B.20% increase C. 66 % increase 0.332% increase REE ~ April 2013 28. Ina series RL circuit the inductor current the resistor current, A. lags B. leads C. is equal to D. is negative of REE - Sept. 2011 29. resistance of 30 Q is in series with an inductance of 30 mH. What is the frequency in hertz(HZ) so that the power factor angle is 60° lagging? A.672 HZ B. 762 HZ C. 267 HZ D. 276 HZ REE — Sept. 2008 30. The current in a series circuit of R = 10 ohms and L = 60 mH lags the applied voltage by 80 degrees. ‘What is the impedance in ohms? j A. 10 + j0.5671 B.10+j5671Q —C.10+j5.6710 —_—D, 10 + j567.10 REE ~ April 2007 31.What are the two elements in a series circuit connection having a current and voltage of i= 13.42 sin( 500t ~ 53.4” )A and v = 150 sin( 500t + 10° )v? A.R=88Q and L = 35mH B.R=6.3 QandL=25mH C.R=7.5QandL=30mH D.R=5QandL=20mH REE - Sept. 2012 32. A coil draws 1,875 watts when connected to a 150 v DC source. It consumes 3,072 watts when connected on 240 v, 60 Hz AC source. Find the inductance of the coil ‘A.0.0255 H B. 0.0153 H C.0.0341H D.0.0240 H REE - Sept. 2004 33. In laboratory experiment, the impedance of a coll was obtained at 60 Hz and 30 Hz. These are 75.48 ohms and 57.44 ohms, respectively. What is the inductance of the coil? A150 mH B. 182.5 mH C.42.5mH D.2.4Mhay MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER an AC CIRCUITS REE - May 2009 34. A 200 mH inductor and an 80 ohm resistor are connected in parallel across a 100 v rms, 60 HZ source. By what angle does the total current lead or lag behind the voltage? ‘A. 46.70" leading B. 43.40" leading C. 43.40" lagging —_D. 46.70" lagging 35.A series circuit consisting of a 66.2 uf capacitor and a variable resistor. For what two values of resistance will the power taken by the circuit be 172.8 watts, if the impressed 60-cycle emf is 120 volts? A. 83.33 &3.33 ohms —_B. 53.33 & 30 ohms C. 5.33 & 3.0 ohms _D. 83.33 & 5.33 ohms REE ~ Sept. 2005 36. Which is not 180 degrees apart? AX and le B. Xe and le C. hand Ie D. Xc and X REE ~ April 2013, 37. An inductor in series with a 5 if capacitor is connected to a supply of 20 v, 796 HZ. What is the inductance needed to make the current 5 A leading? A. 0.002 H B. 0.007 H C. 0.004 H D. 0.008 H REE - April 2007 38.A series RLC circuit has elements R = 50 Q, L = 8 mH and C = 2.22 microfarads, What is the equivalent impedance of the circuit if the frequency is 796 HZ? A. 50 + 50.0 B.50 +1300 C.50-j500 D. 50-/1300 REE ~ May 2008 39. A coil of inductance 0.1 H and resistance of 4 ohms is connected in series with a condenser of 70.4 microfarad capacitance across a 60 Hz, 240 V line. How much current will flow on the circuit? A.55A B.60A C.57.5A D525 40. An impedance of 100 O resistance and an unknown inductance is connected across the capacitor. ‘The resulting impedance is a pure resistance of 500 9 if »= 10° rad /sec. Calculate the values of inductor and capacitor. : A.tpf&2mH B.5 pf&1mH C.7 pf &3mH D. 0.04 pf & 2 mH REE — Sept. 2006 41.4 10 ohm resistor is connected in parallel to an impedance Z = 3 + j4 ohms. Find the circuit power factor. ‘A. 0.600 lagging B.0.866 lagging —C. 0.609 lagging —D. 0.809 lagging 42. The maximum values of alternating voltage and current are 400 V and 20 A, respectively, in a circuit connected to 50 Hz supply and these quantities are sinusoidal. The instantaneous values of voltage and current are 283 V and 10 A respectively at t = 0 both increasing positively. What is the power factor of the circuit? A. 0.707 B. 0.83, C.0.85 D. 0.966 REE — October 1996 43. The resistor of 6 © and unknown impedance coil in series draw 12 A from a 120 V, 60 Hz line. If the real power taken from the line is 1152 watts, what is the coil inductance? A. 15.9mH B. 10 mH C. 20mH D. 1.59 mHMULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER AC CIRCUITS REE - May 2009 44. A coil and resistor each have a 160 v voltage across them when connected in series to 240 v, 60 HZ source. If they draw a 1 A current from the source, what is the resistance of the coil? ‘A. 25 ohms B. 10 ohms C. 15 ohms D. 20 ohms 46. A single phase, 7.46 KW motor is supplied from a 400 V, 50 Hz AC mains. If its efficiency is 85% and the power factor is 0.8 lagging, find the reactive component of the input current. A.16.48.A B. 21.96 A C.27.43A D.21A REE — October 1996 46. A capacitor is rated 100 KVAR, 380 V, 50 Hz. What will its rating be at 60 Hz, 220V? A. 50 KVAR B. 40 KVAR C. 90.9 KVAR D. 87.7 KVAR 47. A 3 HP, 120 V, 60 Hz induction motor operating at 80% efficiency and 0.866 lagging power factor is to be used temporarily with 240 V, 60 Hz source. What resistance in series with the motor will be required for the motor to have 120 V across its terminals at full load? A.6.680 B.4.779 C.13.76.0 D.9540 REE — April 2014 48. An inductive load draws a current of 6 A at 0.8 p.f. from a 208 v, 60 HZ source. If a capacitor of 5x 10” F is connected in Prallel withthe load, what isthe overall pf? A. 0.85 B09 C1 D.08 REE - Sept. 2009 49. A single-phase motor is taking 30 A, from a 220 v, 60 Hz supply, the power factor being 80% lagging. What value of capacitor in microfarad connected across the circuit will be necessary to raise the power factor to unity? A214 B. 220 C.217 D. 224 REE — April 2005 50.A series RLC circuit has R = 10 O, L = 40 x 10% H and © = 60 x 10° F. What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in MHZ? A.20.17 B.3.24 c.4.49 D. 1.62 REE — October 2000 51. A series circuit consists of a 20-ohm resistance, a 150 mH inductance and an unknown capacitance. The circuit is supplied with a voltage v = 100 sin 377t. Find the value of capacitance at resonance. A.42 UF B. 47 pF C. 34.65 UF D. 72.57 uF REE ~ Sept. 2012 52. What capacitance must be placed in series with an inductance of 0.05 H so that at 100 Hz, the impedance becomes equal to the ohmic resistance? A. 50.7 UF B.70.7 uF C. 36.5 uF D. 87 uF REE ~ Sept. 2010 53.A series RLC circuit resonates at 1,000 rad/sec. If C = 30 microfarads and it is known that the impedance at resonance is 2.4 ohms, compute the value of Q of the circuit. A139 B.10.4 C.20.8 D417 54. A coll having a Q-factor of 5 is connected in series with an ideal capacitor across an ac source of 60 \V. Calculate the voltage across the capacitor at resonance. A. 150V B.300V c.12V D.65VTp gm ay MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER Cy) AC CIRCUITS REE - Sept. 2011 55. A parallel RLC circuit has a resonant frequency of 20,000 rad/sec. If C is equal to 1 uF, find the value of L. A.2.5mH B. 25 mH C. 0.63 mH D.6.3mH REE - April 2004 56. A tuned circuit is resonant at 4 MHz. Its Q is 100. What is its bandwidth? A. 4kHz B. 400 kHz C. 400 Hz D. 40 kHz. REE - Sept. 2007 57.A circuit has load impedance Z = 50 + j80 Q. Determine the parallel impedance required to correct the power factor to unity. A. 32 pF B.36 LF C.24uF D.28 uF 58. A circuit consisting of a capacitor in series with a resistance of 10 ohms is connected in parallel with a coil having a reactance and resistance of 17.32 ohms and 10 ohms, respectively. What is the reactance of the capacitor that will draw minimum current from a 230 V, 60 Hz supply? A.17.320 B. 10.320 C.5.780 D. 22.180 REE - April 2007 59. An impedance Zs is in series to the two impedances Z; = 10 + j10 O and Z, = 20 — j30 0 that are connected parallel. What is the value of the impedance Z, in ohms that will produce resonant circuit? Aj13.1 B. 5.4 C. 5.4 D.13.1 AG Cieuis 1 Poe 6 ofSa MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER @ AC CIRCUITS -PART | SINGLE PHASE SYSTEM - SUPPLEMENTARY PROBLEMS 1. A voltage wave is given by v = 100 sin314t. How long does it take this wave form to complete one- fourth cycie? A, ¥ A.20ms B.10ms Gsm D.1ms 2. When a 15 V square wave is connected across 3,50-voit AC voltmeter, it will read. 7 A2121V B. 10.61 V Crsv 0.9.55V . Calculate the effective value of v(t) = 100 sin400t + 50 sin800t + 10 cosi200t V. BISV B.67.9V 0.112.265 V D.121.52V 4. A circuit draws @ current of (3 - j8) A from @ source of (100 + [37) V. Find the true power of the circuit Raw B. 596 W c.300W D. 206 W 5. Across @ 230 V, 60 Hz power supply is @ 18 ohm non-inductive resistor. What is the equation of the voltage and resulting current? 1.6 sin6Ot 98.4 sin6Ot, ¢ 15.3 sin377t De : 326.6 sin377t, |= 21.6 sin377t C. e = 230 sin3771, = 230 sin120t, i= 15.3 sin120t 6. A resistor and a coll are connected in series with a voltage source. If the voltage across the coll is ‘10sin(B66t + 70°) V and the current flowing thru the resistor is 2cos(@66t - 80°) A, what is the resistance ofthe coi? A.4.920 @250 C50 D.4.330 7. Ten impedances connected in parallel draws the following individual current; 520°, 525°, 5.210%, 515°, 6220", 226°, 6230", 52359, 5.240°, 5245". What is the effective value _ Al the total current? (shortcut solution will be discussed on refresher) (848.446 A B. 34.255 A C. 25.345 A B, 84.3894 8. Using Problem 7, what is the equivalent impedance that could replace the impedances if the source voltage is 100 sin160t V7 A.1.3252-30°0 B.6.0262-25°N C. 32.51250°O Oi 1.462-22.5°0 ®. Using Problem 7, what is the equivalent power factor ofthe circuit? (4.0924 B. 0.866 C.0.707 D. 0.876 10, Using Problem 7, what element should be connected across the circuit so that the current would be in phase with the source? A. 54 mH (B)28.4mH C.13 mH D.31mH 11. An impedance has a lagging power factor and takes 250 W when connected across 100 V, 60 Hz Source. What power will it absorb when connected across 100 V, 50 Hz source? (As2w B.352W C.322W 0.235 W 12. A telephone circuit makes power available at a pair of terminals, The open circuit voltage across the terminals is 1 volt and the impedance looking into the terminals is 500 - /500 0. What is the maximum power that can be drawn from the circuit? A.0.002W (8.0.0005 w C.0,001 W D.0.0014 W 13. The ohmic resistance of a large magnetic contactor is measured to be 20 0. A 230 V is impressed ‘on the contactor and the current is taken as 3.2 A. Neglecting core loss, determine the inductance of the contactor. CO A261 mH (8/183 mH C.315mH D.251 mH Ac Crean 1- Page tof 7. ean} MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER Se AC CIRCUITS ~PART I 14. A coil has a resistance of 6 ohms and an inductance of 0.02 H. When a non-inductive resistor is connected in series with the coil, the current drawn when connected to a 220 V DC source is equal to the current drawn by the coil alone across a 220 V, 60 Hz source. Determine the resistance of she non-induetive resistor. (43639 B.6.390 c.3699 0.3.96. 15. A series RL circuit has L = 0.02 H and an impedance of 17.85 Q. When a sinusoidal voltage is ‘applied, the current lags the voltage by 63.5°. What is the value of the angular frequency? A, 400 rad/sec B. 500 rad/sec C. 600 rad/sec CD) 800 radisec REE ~ April 1997 16.A current of 2.5 A flows through a series circuit consisting of a 100 Q resistor and an unknown ‘capacitor across a source of 460 V, 50 Hz. What js the value of the capacitive reactance? A.Xe = 91.86. 0 B.X_ = 39.190 Xe = 184.45 2 D. Xe = 184.00 REE ~ April 1996 17.A circuit consists of a 4 Q resistor and 300 pF capacitor in series. It is connected across a 60 Hz voltage source with @ 500 V peak voltage. What ig the phasor form of the currer A.1=19.7257.8° B.1=8.84273.2° 7c 36.5265.7° D. 10.5265,7° 18.A small single phase, 240 V induction motor is tested in parallel with 160 O resistor. The motor takes 2 amperes and the total current is 3 amperes. What is the power of the whole circuit? A.800 W 8. 360W C.220W D)580W 19. A capacitor is placed in parallel with two inductive loads, one of 20 A at 30° lagging and another of 40 A at 60° lagging. What current in amperes should flow in the capacitor so that the circuit will have a unity power factor? A358 A B46 A C.28.8A 0.50.24 20. A single-phase AC generator is supplying power to a load of 3,200 W at 230 V and a power factor ‘of 60%. Ifthe total loss is 10% of the load, what would be the savings in watts if the power factor is raised to 80%? z A.64 B. 240 C.427 CO. 140 21. When a 240 V, 50 Hz supply is applied to a parallel combination of 15 Q resistor and inductor, the total current is 22.1 amperes. What must be the value of the frequency for a total current of 34 wmperes? AL 25 Hz B.60 Hz C.75Hz D. 100 Hz 22. A coil of 10 © resistance and 0.1 H inductance is connected in paratiel with a capacitor of unknown: capacitance. If the total impedance of the combination is 100 ©, determine the value of the capacitance. ro 4.50 pF (CB. 100 ue ©. 150 uF D. 200 uF REE = March 1998 23. A coil of 50 O resistance and 150 mH, inductance is connected in parallel with a 50 uF capacitor. The source voltage is 100 sin(at + 30°) V. is the equation of the line current? A, 1,91 sin(ot + 52.5°) B)1.25 sin(ot +75.5°) C. 1.25 sin(ot- 62°) D. 1.32 sin(t ~75.5°) 24. An impedance equal to 4.4.260° Q is connected across a 220 V source. What should be the value of the second impedance in parallel with the first, if the total power delivered to the circuit is 1o be 16.5 kW and the overall factor is to be unity? A. 2.21230.1°.0 B) 3.332-40.8°0 CC. §.63230°0 D. 6.632~45°0 AC Cecute 1 Page 2017a MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER = AC CIRCUITS -PART I 25. An inductive reactance of 8 ohms is connected in parallel with a capacitive reactance of 18 ohms, This combination is then connected in series with a variable resistance. For what value of esistance will the power factor be 0.57 8.3140 B.3.1380 c.13.810 D. 1.3810 26. What size of condenser must be placed across an inductance having a resistance of 10 ohms and reactance of 20 ohms to draw minimum current from the line when the combination is connected across a 60-cycle line?(Assume a condenser of negligible resistance). A. 20 uf BD 106 pf C.10 pf D. 6.33 pf 27. A circuit draws 25 A when connected across a source of frequency f,, Determine the current drawn by the same circuit at resonance iff; is half the frequency. AA25A B. 17.68 A 35.35 A D.50A 28. A series RLC circuit is connected across a 120 V, 60 Hz source and draws a leading current of § A, Determine the voltage across the capacitor at resonance if R = 6 and L = 25 mH AATA2V B. 164.5V C. 236.6 V (0.4226 29. The Q-factor of a coll is given by Fe ‘A. the ratio of its maximum energy stored fo its energy dissipated per cycle B. its power factor C. the reciprocal of its power factor D. the ratio of its resistance to its inductive reactance 30. A coil takes apparent power and reactive power of 100 VA and 80 VAR, respectively. What is the Q. factor of the coil? Aj1.33 8.10 C8 0.6 31.A coil is to be wound with Q-factor of 8. A lamp rated 120 V, 480 W is connected in series with the coil and connected across 230 V, 60 Hz source. What is the impedance of the coil if the voltage across the lamp is maintained at 120 V. i A. 35.2282.9°0, B.27.52724°O (E) 45.52829°.0 D. 40.5272.4°.0 32. An inductive coil having a resistance of 25 ohms and inductance of 0.2 H is connected in parallel with @ 100 UF capacitor. Find the frequency at which the total current taken is in phase with the supply voltage, a A. 35.6 Hz B. 46.5 Hz © 29.5 Hz D.52.9Hz 33. The series circuit of R = 3 9 and X = 4 Q and a parallel circuit of R’ and X’ have the same impedance and power factor. Calculate the value of R' and X’ (4.8.33 0, 6.25 0 B.2.250,3.839 C.7.470,7.510 0.5.62, 9.840 ‘34. A parallel circuit with one branch of R = 5 0 and a single unknown element in the other branch has the following applied voltage and the current e = 10cos(50t + 60°)V and | = 5.38cos(50t — 8.23°)A. The unknown element is : (AL=0.06H BL=002H C.C=10pF D.C=5pF 35. The voltage across the resistor, inductor and capacitor connected in series is 60 V, 90 V, 10 V respectively. What is the voltage across this ci A. 160V B.140V 100 V D.50V REE ~ April 1997 36. Determine the power factor angle @ in the series circuit which consist of R = 25 0, L = 0.2 H, across @ power supply of 200 V, 30 HZ. A364" 8.46.4" c. 52.4" ©. 56. ‘AC Cheute 1 Page dof?a MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER a = AC CIRCUITS -PART I REE - March 1997 37.A load of 20 + j35 9 is connected across @ 220 V source. Determine the power factor and the (ARS. ‘R) 49.6%, 1042 VARS B. 85.3%, 975 VARS C, 82.2%, 1023 VARS D. 42.3%, 1087 VARS 38. An incandescent lamp load, generally considered to be made up of resistor, take 4.8 KW from a 120-volt source. The instantaneous maximum value of power is A, 4,800 watts {600 watts C. 2,400 watts . 480 watts 39. A factory takes 50 kW at 0.75 lagging power factor from a 480 V source. In order to raise the power factor to 0.9 lagging, a synchronous motor rated 10 HP with an efficiency of 87.5% is used. Find the power factor of the motor. a A. 0.476 lagging B.0.825 lagging _(C.)0.476 leading D. 0.825 leading REE = April 2004 40. The wavelength of international distress of frequency is 600 m. What is the equivalent frequency in kHz? A200 8.300 c. 400 @s00 41. The voltage across a given circuit is 75 + j50 V. What is the power supplied to the circuit if the current through it is (8 — j5) A? o A850 W B. 850 W c.750W @)ss0w REE ~ Sept. 2002 42. A resistor R and capacitor C are connected in series across a 100 V, 60 cycle source. The reading of an ammeter connected in the circuit is 2A and the reading of a voltmeter connected across the capacitor is 80 V. Calculate the values of R and,€. A. 66.08 30pf B.20 0 & 60 pf ©) 300 & 66 ut D. 360.8 60uF REE ~ September 2003 43. The following are in series: R = 1,000 Q, L =100 uH and C = 20,000 pF. The voltage across the Circuit is 100 V. What is the total impedance expressed in ohms if the frequency is 3 MHZ? A. 18820 B. 10000. (evats20 D. 18850 REE ~ October 1994 44. A capacitor branch having a ratio of X to R of 5 is paralleled with an impedance consisting of 4 resistance and 3 0 inductive reactance. The power factor of the resulting circuit is 0.8 leading. Find she size of the capacitor in pf f the frequency is 60 Hz. (8770.92 uf B. 923.31 pf C. 662.31 pf D. 392.13 uf 45. An impedance of 3 ~ j3 Q is connected in parallel with § + j2 Q. The voltmeter connected across 3 resistance measures 45 V. Calculate the total current of the circuit. (A) 22.4 A B.413A C1348 0.7914 46. The open circuit voltage of an alternator is 127 V and its intemal impedance is 1010° Q. Find the voltage across a load of 302 -30°0. (A)1002-97°v B. 972-10°V C. 7aa0°v D. 1002-7. v REE - October 1998 47. The maximum instantaneous voltage and current output of an altemator are 300 V and 20 A, spectively. What is the power output in watts if the voltage leads the current by 30°? 2598 8.5196 ¢. 6000 0.3000 ‘AC Ofouts 1 Page 4 of7MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER AC CIRCUITS -PART | 48. The following data are given for a series RL and a series RC which are connected in parallel X= 15 0, Xe = 25 0, Re = 15.0. For what value of R, will the circuit be in resonance? A. 169 ohms, B. 916 ohms 16.9 ohms D. 91.6 ohms. 49. A series circuit composed of 0.2 H inductor and 74 uf capacitor is connected to a 60 V variable frequency source. At what frequency will the current be 4 A with lagging power factor. A 47.767 Hz B. 74.68 Hz C.60 Hz 0.50 Hz 50.A 30 ohm resistor is connected in parallel with an inductor of inductive reactance X,. The combination is then connected in series with a capacitor of reactance Xc. What is the value of X; Ind Xe if the total impedance is 1.92 ohms? (A)7.84, 7.34 BA7.4, 47.3 C.44.8, 84.2 D. 84.7, 34.7 REE ~ April 1997 51. The phase shift between the voltage and current vectors is due to the following loads except one. ‘A. magnet coils, B) electric flat iron C. power capacitors D. fluorescent lamp ‘52. The length of time between a point in one cycle to the same point of the next cycle of an AC wave is the A. frequency @\perioa C. magnitude D. polarity 53. An alternating current varying sinusoidally with frequency of 50 Hz has an RMS value of 20 A. At what time measured from the positive maximum value will the instantaneous current be 14.14 A? A. 11600 sec B. 1/200 sec (&. 11300 sec D. 1/400 sec REE ~ April 2001 54. An altemating rectangular wave has a maximum value of 10 V and a frequency of 1 cycle per second. What is the average value of the wave?_ ASV B.10V Go D.7.07V 55. oternine the rms value of a semi-circular current wave which has a maximurh value of a. 0.8162 B,0.237a C.0.866.a D.0.707 @ 56.Find the reading of an AC voltmeter connected across the series source of 100 sin (ot ~ x/2) and100sin ot i ‘A) 100 B. 130.65 €.170.74 D. 184.78 REE - Sept. 2006 57. A two-element series circuit has V = 240 + j0 volts and current 51.96 — j30 A. What is the current in amperes which results when the resistance is reduced 50% of its former value? A. 68.57 ~ j59.39 B.68.57+ 59.39 (C)59.39 - 68.57 D. 59.39 + j68.57 REE - Sept 2002 58.A 10 Q inductive resistor is connected in series with an unknown capacitance. At 60 Hz the impedance of the circuit is 10 + 11.72. At 30 Hz the impedance of the circuit is 10 — j5. What is the alue of L in millihenrys? (A150 B.500 c. 100 0.250 REE - March 1998 59. A 50 pf and 100 uf capacitors are connected in series and across a 100sin(ot + 30°) voltage. Write he equation of the current. ‘A.1.26 sin(ot + 120°) B. 1.26 sin(or + 90°) C. 5.65 sin(ot + 120°) D. 5.65 sin(ot + 90°) Ac crcuts 1 Page 507a MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER (am AC CIRCUITS -PART | 60. Two impedances Z, = 4 + j6 0 and Zs = 6 + 12 0 are connected in parallel. The apparent power for the impedance 8 is 1490 VA. Determine the total apparent power. (8. 4250.VA B. 9290 VA ©. 2652 VA D. 8031 VA 61. Two coils A and B are connected in series across a 240 V, 50 Hz supply. The resistance of A is 5 0 and the inductance of B is 0.015 H. If the input from the supply is 3 kW and 2 KVAR, find the inductance of A and resistance of B. A0.0182H&830 B.0.215H&380 C.0.026H& 120 0.0.031H& 5.30 62. A current of § A flows through a non-inductive resistance in series with a choking coil when supplied at 250 V, 50 Hz. If the voltage across the resistance is 120 V and across the coil is 200 V, calculate the power absorbed by the coil in watts, (A. 168.75 W B.137.5W. C.51.37W 0.75.31W 63.A series RLC circuit consists of 20 ohms resistance, 0.2 H inductance and an unknown Capacitance. What is the value of the capacitance if the circuit has a leading angle of 45° at 60 Hz? A. 35.18 UF 8.47.9 uF E2784 D.30.7 uF 64. Ife = 100 sin(wt + 30") ~ 50 cos 3at +25 sin(Sat + 150°) andi ~5sin(Sot 50°). Calculate the power in watts. AANNTT Ga ©. 1043 D. 1224 REE ~March 1998 65. A 25 0 resistor connected in series with a coil of 50 0 resistance and 150 mH inductance. What is the power factor of the oes 8) 20 sin(ot + 40°) +10 sin (Got + 30°) A 85% 80% C.90% D. 75% 68. A fluorescent lamp taking 80 W at 0.7 pf lagging from a 230 V 50 Hz supply is to be corrected to ity power factor. What element should be placed in for this purpose? A\ series, 59.4 uF B. parallel, 4.95 uF C. series, 31.2 uF D. parallel, 8.36 uF REE ~ October 1998 67. One leg of a radio tuned circuit has a capacitance of 1x 10°°F, It is tuned at 200 kHz. What is the inductance of the other leg in Henry? (A. 633 x10 B. 20x10 C. 825 x10 REE - April 2004 68. A series RLC circuit has a resistance of 15 0 and an inductive reactance of 1,500 ©. What is the Q- factor of the circuit at resonance? A120 3} 100 c. 140 D. 150 REE - Sept. 2006 ‘69. A two-element series circuit with R = 15 ohms, L = 20 mH has an impedance of 30 ohms and an unknown angle. What is the frequency in HZ? A.20 B21 ©.2,067 (ar REE ~ April 2004 70. Reactances are connected in series: X-, =100, Xe = 40, X,;=30, X..=70. What is the net reactance? _ A. 0X @ 4x. ©. 60x, D. 50x, 71. A feeder supplies two loads, one at 50 amperes at 50% power factor, the other 150 amperes at inity power factor. The total current supplied by the feeder is approximately ‘AL 180A B. 200A C.175A D. 150A AC Chouts 1 Page 8 0f7 D. 120 x 10°MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER AC CIRCUITS -PART I EY 72. A fluorescent lamp and its inductive ballast draw a 1.0 A current at 50% lagging power factor from a 120 V, 60 Hz source. What is the overall power factor when a 26.5 uf capacitor is connected across the fixture? A. 0.832 lagging (80.832 leading C. 0.5 leading D. 0.5 lagging 73. A 50 resistance, 30 Q inductive reactance and 25 0 capacitive reactance are-vonnected in series across a 100 V, 60 Hz supply. What will be its resonant frequency? A, 65.726 Hz 8.53 Hz C.25 Hz (Os477 He REE ~ April 2001 74, 4 5 mH pure inductance is connected in parallel with one microfarad capacitor, What frequency will the circuit be in antiresonance? A. 250 Hz. (82250 Hz C.60 Hz D. 100 Hz REE ~ Sept. 2009 75. A two-element series circuit has voltage V = 240 + jO v and current | = 48 ~ j36 A. Find the current in amperes which resutts when the resistance is reduced to 50% of its former value. A. 48.20 + j69.20 B. -46.20 + j69.20 46.20 ~ j69.20 D. 46.20 - j69.20 REE ~ April 2007 76. Find the value of an impedance which requires ~1,540 vars at 230 v rms and 10 A rms. A. 17.40 —j15.00 B. 16.82 -j15.69 (€.17.09 — 15.39 D. 17.62 -—j14.78 77. The average value of the function i = 50 sin wt +30 sin 3ut is equal to. A318A 825A 6/382 D.B143A REE - April 2005 78. A circuit has resistance 0f,20 2 and a reactance of 30 0. What is the power factor of the circuit? AO 80.55 C.0.832 0.0.99 REE ~ Sept. 2004 79.A capacitor in series w/ a 200 Q resistor draws a current of 0.3 ampere from 120 voits, 60 Hz source. What is the value of capacitor in microfarad? 3 . AB7 8.97 C.67 Or REE ~ May 2009 80. Find the value of an impedance which absorbs a complex power of 2300 VA with a 30 degrees angle at 115 V mms. ~ A547 B.7+j5.Q Esrisa D.34j50 81. Find the average power in a resistance R = 10 ohms if the current in series form is |= 10 sin at + 5 sin 3at +2 sin Sat am A. 65.4 watts (6.845 watts ©. 546 watts D. 5.46 watts Ac oreutst Page Tot