Name: Jay-an Paulita A. Sawsa Yr. /Cr. /Sec.

: 3 BEED – B
Professor/Instructor: Madame Norquez M. Mangindra Date: January 24, 2023

The History of Philippine Educational System

Pre – Colonial Period (900 – 1520)

 During the pre-colonial period, most children were provided with solely vocational
training, which was supervised by parents, tribal tutors or those assigned for specific,
specialized roles within their communities(for example, the babaylan).
 In most communities, stories, songs, poetry, dances, medicinal practices and advice
regarding all sorts of community life issues were passed from generation to generation
mostly through oral tradition.
 Some communities utilized a writing system known as baybayin, whose use was wide
and varied, though there are other syllabaries used throughout the archipelago.

Spanish Period (1521 – 1897)

 The Spaniards introduced formal education to the Philippines, which was mostly carried
out by religious orders.
 They began teaching Christianity, the Spanish language, and Spanish culture after
learning the local languages and writing systems.
 As early as the 16th century, religious orders established the first schools and
universities.
 Spanish missionaries established schools as soon as they arrived on the islands.
 The Augustinians established a parochial school in Cebu in 1565.
 The Jesuits arrived in 1581, followed by the Dominicans in 1587, who established a
school in Bataan.
 The church and the school collaborated to ensure that Christian villages had schools for
students to attend.
 Boys and girls schools were then established.
 Colegios, the equivalent of today's senior high schools, were established for boys.
 The first colegio was the Universidad de San Ignacio, founded in Manila by the Jesuits in
1589.
 The Spanish also introduced printing presses to produce books in Spanish and Tagalog,
sometimes using baybayin, to prepare girls for convent life.
 The first printed book in the Philippines was in 1590.
 It was a Chinese translation of Doctrina Christiana.
 In 1610, Tomas Pinpin, a Filipino printer, writer, and publisher known as the "Patriarch
of Filipino Printing," published his famous "Librong Pagaaralan nang manga
Tagalognang Uicang Castilla," which was intended to help Filipinos learn Spanish.

American Period (1889 – 1934)

 About a year after Manila was captured, the Americans planned to open seven schools
taught by army soldiers, using books and materials selected by the Army Command.
 In 1899, more schools were opened, this time he had 24 English-speaking teachers and
4,500 of his students.
 A highly centralized and experimental public school system was established by the
Philippine Commission in 1901 and stipulated by Law No. 74.
 The law has revealed a serious shortage of qualified teachers due to high school
enrollment. As a result, the Philippine Commission allowed the Secretary of Public
 Education to bring over 1,000 of her teachers from the United States, called the Tomans,
to the Philippines between 1901 and his 1902.
 The same law established the Philippine Normal School (now the Philippine Normal
University) to train future Filipino teachers.
 The higher education system was supported by the provincial government and included
special education institutions established in his 1902 by the Philippine Commission, the
School of Arts and Crafts, the College of Agriculture, and the Institute of Commerce and
Oceanography.
 In 1902, Law No. 372 authorized the opening of local high schools. However, it was not
until 1910 that high school education emerged in the Philippines.
 Higher school education was underpinned by rising enrollments, a widespread economic
crisis, increased demand from large corporations, technological advances in factories, and
the advent of electrification of skilled workers.
 To meet the demand for this new job, high schools were established, and the curriculum
emphasized practical work skills to prepare students for professional clerical work and
skilled manual labor.

Commonwealth Period (1935 – 1940)

 The federal government continued to give the same attention that Americans gave to
education.
 President Quezon established the National Education Council in 1936 as an advisory
body on educational matters.
 The Council made important recommendations to further improve the Philippine
education system.
 Most of these recommendations have been accepted and implemented by
governments.
 Under the Commonwealth, vocational and adult educations were emphasized.
 It was also during the federal government that systematic efforts to develop a
common official language began, as mandated by the 1935 Constitution.
 To counter the influence of American culture among Filipinos, President Quezon
encouraged a revival of indigenous culture and desirable Filipino values.
 And to boost the morale and love of the country of Filipinos, especially among young
people, President Quezon has issued a famous code of ethics that must be taught in all
schools.
 In 1940, the Education Act of 1940 made several changes to the Philippine education
system.
 This law shortened the basic course from 7 to 6 years.
 The minimum age for admission to Class I have been raised to 7 years.
 The academic calendar was also changed, changing the June-March school year to his
July-April.

Japanese Period (1941 – 1944)

Japanese Devised Curriculum

 caused a blackout in the Philippine education and impeded the educational

progress
 They introduced many changes in the curriculum by including Nihongo and
abolishing English as a medium of instruction and as a subject
 All textbooks were censored and revised

Curriculum

 School Calendar became longer

  No summer vacation for students
 Class size increased to 60
 Deleted anti-Asian opinions, banned the singing of American songs, deleted
American symbols, poems and pictures
 Nihongo as a means of introducing and cultivation love for Japanese culture
 Under the Japanese regime, the teaching of Tagalog, Philippine History, and
Character Education was reserved for Filipinos

Educational Program

 June 1942, Military Order No. 2- mandated the teaching of Tagalog, Philippine
History and Character education to Filipino students, with emphasis on love for
work and dignity of labor
 Re- opening of elementary schools
 Re- opening of vocational and normal schools
 Institutions of higher learning giving courses in agriculture, medicine, fisheries
and engineering.
 Japanese language is popularized to terminate the use of English
 Filipino children went to school to learn Japanese songs and games
 There was a strict censorship of textbooks and other learning materials
 The teachers were to become condescending mouthpieces of Japanese propaganda

Six Basic principles of Japanese Education

 1. Realization of new order and promote friendly relations between Japan and the
Philippines to the farthest extent.
 2. Foster a new Filipino culture based.
 3. Endeavor to elevate the morals of people, giving up over emphasis of
materialism.
 4. Diffusion of the Japanese language in the Philippines.
 5. Promotion of vocational course.
 6. To inspire people with the spirit to love neighbor

Educational aims

 Eradicate old idea of reliance on western nations

 Love of labor
 Military Training

Education Types

 Nihongo language
 Vocational training
 Health education agriculture

Methods of Education

 Stressed dignity of manual labor

 Emphasis vocational education
 Medium of instruction
 Nihongo language

Promoting Education

 Military Order No. 2 The Philippine Executive Commission established the

Commission of Education, Health and Public Welfare and schools were reopened
in June 1942
 On October 14, 1943, the Japanese
– sponsored Republic created the Ministry of Education.
  Department of instruction became part of the Department of Public Instruction on
February27, 1945
 On February 27, 1945, the Department of Instruction was made part of the
Department of Public Instruction.
 In 1947, by virtue of Executive Order No. 94, the Department of Instruction was
changed to Department of Education. During this period, the regulation and
supervision of public and private schools belonged to the Bureau of Public and
Private Schools.
 In 1972, it became the Department of Education and Culture by virtue of
Proclamation 1081and the Ministry of Education and Culture in 1978 y virtue of
P.D. No. 1397.

Liberation Period (1945 – 1947)

 In 1945, during the liberation, steps were taken to improve the pre-war curriculum.
 Filipino education leaders like CECILIO PUTONG, PRUDENCIO LANGCAUON,
ESTEBAN ABADA, MARTIN AGUILAR, VITALIANO BERNARDINO, etc.
 Have developed a curriculum based not only on community needs, issues and resources,
but also on the characteristics and needs of Filipino children.
 The school curriculum remained basically the same as before and still related to the
subject matter.
 Granting independence to Filipinos has resulted in several educational curriculum
reforms. Major experiments on the idea of community schools and the use of language as
a teaching tool in the first two grades of primary school were some of them.
 Some of the reforms were merely extensions of educational trends of previous decades
others were implemented according to cultural context and others were the result of
research and experimentation in education and related fields.

Philippine Education During Philippine Republic

AIMS:

 To foster faith in democracy as a way of life

 To provide the proper climate that would bring about the full realization of this
democratic ideal.
 To preserve and advance the cause of democracy in the country

TYPES AND CONTENTS:

1. Pres. Roxas – rehabilitation of school system
2. Pres. Quirino – Social Orientation
 Conservation of Filipino Heritage
 Training for occupation
 Promoting democratic nation- building and new thrust on
community development.
3. Pres. Magsaysay – social and economic development
4. Pres. Garcia – Non-formal education
- vocational training
5. Pres. Macapagal – Society’s cultural identity
6. Pres. Marcos – Manpower development and needs of industries

AGENCIES:
1. All educational institutions
 Primary instructions
 Citizenship training for adults citizens
2. Universities – academic freedom
3. State – create scholarships in arts, science, and letters for especially gifted citizens
METHODS:

 Ability to think and act rationally

 Expression of thought clearly
 Read and listen with understanding

Curricular Content:

 Social Orientation
 Training for occupation
 Promotion of democratic nation building
 A new thrust on community development
Legal Mandates:

R.A. 139
June 14, 1947
 Board of textbooks
Public School
 Screens and approve textbooks (6yrs)
Private School
 Book of choice with no objection from board
R.A 1079
June 15, 1954
 Civil Service Eligibility of Teachers
R.A.1124
June 16, 1954
 Board of National Education (BNE)
R.A. 7722
 BNE to National Board of Education (NBE)
 Board’s function is now under CHED
R.A. 1265
June 11, 1955
 Daily flag ceremony
 Singing of National Anthem
R.A. 1425
June 12, 1956
- Life and works of Dr. Jose Rizal
- Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
Executive Order No. 94
 Department of Instruction to Department of Education.
 Bureau of Public and Private Schools.
- Regulation and supervision of public and private schools.
R.A. 4007
 Elementary education was nationalized
 Abolition of matriculation fees
R.A. 4670
June 18, 1966
The Magna Carta for Public School Teacher

• Recruitment Qualification
• Code of Professional Conduct
• Teaching load of 6hours and additional compensation for overtime
• GSIS
• Sabbatical leave with 60% of monthly salary
• One-range salary increase upon retirement
• Freedom to form organization
R.A. 5447
1968
- Special Education Fund and local school board
R.A. 6054
 Rise of barrio high schools
  Dr. Pedro T. Orata
- Father of barrio high schools movement.
R.A. 6132
Constitutional Convention
- Created by President Ferdinand Marcos presided over by President Macapagal
Executive Order No. 202
1969
- Issued by President Marcos created Presidential Commission to Survey the Philippine
Education (PCSPE).
PD 6A
 Educational Decree of 1972
 National development goals and aims of the educational system.

Proclamation 1081 of 1972

 Department of Education became the Department of Education and Culture.

Philippine Education after they regained democracy (1947 – 2009)

Third republic
In 1947, after the United States relinquished all authority over the Philippines, President Manuel
Rojas issued Executive Order No. 94, renaming the Department of Education the Department of
Education. During this time, regulation and supervision of public and private schools belonged to
the Public and Private Schools Authority.

Fourth Republic
In 1972, under Proclamation 1081 signed by President Ferdinand Marcos, the Ministry of
Education became the Department of Education and Culture (DECS).

On September 24, 1972, DECS was decentralized by Executive Order No. 1, and decision-
making was shared among 13 regional offices.

President Marcos ratified his 1973 Constitution by Declaration 1102 on January 17, 1973 after a
referendum in all the Philippine barangays held from January 10 to his 15, 1973 . The 1973
Constitution established three basic goals for education in the Philippines.
Promote love of country.
Teach citizenship obligations, and;
To develop moral character, self-discipline, scientific, technical and professional competence.

In 1978, Presidential Decree No. 1397 made DECS the Department of Education and Culture.
The 1982 Education Act provided for an integrated education system covering both formal and
non-formal education at all levels. Article 29 of the law aimed to improve the standards of
educational institutions to achieve "quality education" through voluntary accreditation of
schools, colleges and universities. § 16 and § 17 upgraded the duties and qualifications of
teachers and administrative staff. Section 41 provided government financial support to private
schools. The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology was also
established based on this law.

Fifth Republic
A new charter turned into ratified on February 2, 1987, and entered into pressure of February 11.
Section 3, Article XIV of the 1987 Constitution consists of the 10 essential objectives of training
within inside the Philippines. Section 2(2), Article XIV of the 1987 Constitution made simple
faculty obligatory for all kids.

In 1987, the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports have become once more the DECS
beneath Neath Executive Order No. 117. The shape of DECS as embodied within inside the
order remained nearly unchanged till 1994.

On May 26, 1988, the Congress of the Philippines enacted the Republic Act 6655 or the Free
Public Secondary Education Act of 1988, which mandated unfastened public secondary training
starting up within inside the faculty 12 months 1988-1989.
On February 3, 1992, the Congress enacted Republic Act 7323, which supplied that scholars
elderly 15 to twenty-five can be hired in the course of their Christmas excursion and summer
time season excursion with a earnings now no longer decrease than the minimal salary--with
60% of the salary paid through the business enterprise and 40% through the government.

The Congressional Commission on Education (EDCOM) record of 1991 advocated the

department of DECS into 3 parts. On May 18, 1994, the Congress handed Republic Act 7722 or
the Higher Education Act of 1994, growing the Commission on Higher Education (CHED),
which assumed the capabilities of the Bureau of Higher Education and supervised tertiary
diploma programs. On August 25, 1994, the Congress handed Republic Act 7796 or the
Technical Education and Skills Development Act of 199, growing the Technical Education and
Skills Development Authority (TESDA), which absorbed the Bureau of Technical-Vocational
Education in addition to the National Manpower and Youth Council, and started to oversee non-
diploma technical-vocational programs. DECS retained duty for all simple and secondary
training. This threefold department have become called the "trifocal machine of training" with
inside the Philippines.

In August 2001, Republic Act 9155, in any other case referred to as the Governance of Basic
Education Act, turned into handed. This act modified the call of DECS to the cutting-edge
Department of Education (DepEd) and redefined the position of discipline places of work
(nearby places of work, department places of work, district places of work and schools). The act
supplied the general framework for faculty empowerment through strengthening the management
roles of headmasters and fostering transparency and neighborhood duty for faculty
administrations. The aim of fundamental training turned into to offer the faculty age populace
and teens with skills, knowledge, and values to turn out to be caring, self-reliant, productive, and
patriotic citizens.
In 2005, the Philippines spent approximately US$138 in line with pupil, as compared to
US$3,728 in Japan, US$1,582 in Singapore and US$852 in Thailand.

In 2006, the Education for All (EFA) 2015 National Action Plan turned into implemented. It
states: " The crucial aim is to offer fundamental abilities to everyone, and to reap purposeful
literacy for all. Ensuring that each Filipino has the fundamental abilities is equal to supplying all
Filipinos with the fundamental studying needs, or allowing all Filipinos to be functionally
literate. "
In phrases of secondary stage training, all kids elderly twelve to fifteen, are sought to be heading
in the right direction to finishing the training cycle with high-satisfactory fulfillment tiers at each
12 months.

In January 2009, the Department of Education signed a memorandum of settlement with america
Agency for International Development (USAID) to seal $86 million help to Philippine training,
in particular the get admission to to first-class training withinside the Autonomous Region in
Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), and the Western and Central Mindanao regions.

Recent years – Present (2010 – present)

In 2010, then-Senator Benigno Aquino III expressed his choice to enforce the K-12 simple
schooling cycle to boom the wide variety of years of obligatory schooling to 13 years. According
to him, this will "supply all and sundry an identical hazard to succeed" and "have excellent
schooling and worthwhile jobs". After similarly consultations and studies, the authorities below
President Aquino officially followed the K-6-4-2 simple schooling gadget--twelve months of
kindergarten, six years of basic schooling, 4 years of junior excessive faculty schooling and years
of senior excessive faculty schooling. Kindergarten became officially made obligatory with the
aid of using distinctive feature of the Kindergarten Education Act of 2012, whilst the similarly
twelve years had been formally positioned into regulation with the aid of using distinctive feature
of the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013. Although DepEd has already applied the K-12
Program on account that SY 2011-2012, it became nevertheless enacted into regulation to assure
its continuity within side the succeeding years.

The former gadget of simple schooling with inside the Philippines includes one-12 months
preschool schooling, six-12 months basic schooling and 4-12 months excessive faculty
schooling. Although public preschool, basic and excessive faculty schooling are furnished free,
handiest number one schooling is stipulated as obligatory consistent with the 1987 Philippine
Constitution. Pre-number one schooling caters to youngsters elderly five. A baby elderly six
might also additionally input basic colleges with, or without pre-number one schooling.
Following on from number one schooling is 4-years of secondary schooling, that can
theoretically be similarly divided into 3 years of decrease secondary and twelve months of higher
secondary schooling. Ideally, a baby enters secondary schooling on the age of 12. After finishing
their secondary schooling, college students might also additionally development to a technical
schooling and competencies improvement to earn a certificates or a degree inside one to a few
years, relying at the skill. Students additionally have the choice to enroll in better schooling
programmes to earn a baccalaureate degree.

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