如何避免头重脚轻：

 谓语动词前移
 It 形式主语
 主系表倒装

如何 paraphrase：

 换主语
 中英互译
趋势变化描述词积累

动词：
 增长 increase, rise, grow, climb
 下降 decrease, decline, fall, drop;（被动）reduce, diminish; slip, slide
 小幅下降 dip
 逐渐上升 creep up
 显著上涨 soar, surge, skyrocket, shoot up
 显著下降 plummet, plunge
 维 持 remain stable/constant/steady/unchanged; stay higher/less than, the highest/lowest;
remain/stay as+名词; remain/stay/keep doing; maintain/sustain+名词
 趋于平稳 level off at
 波动 fluctuate/hover between/around
 登顶 peak at, reach the peak at/of
 探底 bottom at, reach the bottom at/of
 回升 rebound, pick up, recover
 回落 fall back, slip back

形容词/副词：
 急剧的 significant, dramatic, substantial, considerable, sharp, marked, exponential,
tremendous, enormous, drastic, remarkable
 快速的 rapid, quick
 轻微的 slight, marginal, insignificant, negligible, modest
 缓慢的 slow, gradual
 平稳的 smooth, steady
 进一步 further
 短暂的 temporary
 突然的 sudden
 温和的 moderate, modest

趋势相关表达

趋势相似：
 一起描述 A/B xx similarly to…respectively – There be 句式，witness/see 句式，record 句
式（包括主被动）
 +also
 show/follow a similar pattern/trend
趋势相反：
 show/follow a/an upward/downward/opposite pattern/trend, on the other hand

幅度相关表达

幅度大于/小于：
 The increment/decrement be larger/smaller from…to…
 increased/decreased more significantly from…to…
幅度相似和趋势相似差不多；幅度最大/最小参考大小相关表达的最值

大小相关表达

最值：
 最简单 Figure be the largest
 数据排第一 be at the top; rank the first; take the first place/slot
 评价分析法 与强调句结合 it was xxx that/who…
相等/接近：
 equal to, as large as, the same as
 close to, similar to, xx are close/similar
大于/小于：
 最简单 be larger/smaller than
 数据排名 rank the xx; take the xx place/slot
 评价分析法 less/more xx than
 A… This was followed by B, whose figure…（A>B，排名要连续）
倍数关系：
 A is twice; xx times as large as B
 A is one second; one third; two thirds as large as B
变化中的超越：
 overtake
 排名变化 the place went up…

越来越

 名词 量 An increasing/growing number/amount/proportion of
 名词 程度 Growing/increasing xxx
 形容词 程度 increasingly+形容词；ever+比较级
因果关系表达

词汇见“因果关系”附录
 依靠因果关系连接词
 主谓宾表因果（依靠带因果关系动词）
 定语从句写后果（依靠带因果关系动词）
 非谓语写后果（依靠带因果关系动词）
 This 等代词+带因果关系动词

不而逻辑连接词

 副词性 on the contrary, rather, instead

 句内 rather than, instead of, not but

很多的

 A lot of 可数/不可数
 Many 可数
 Great many 可数
 Numerous 可数
 Plenty of 可数/不可数
 Scores of 可数
 A host of 可数
 A large number of 可数
 Large numbers of 可数
 A large amout of 不可数
 Large amounts of 不可数
 A large quantity of 可数/不可数
 Quantities of 可数/不可数
 Copious 可数/不可数
 A copious amount of 不可数
 A mass of sth. 可数/不可数
 Multiple 量大或者种类

其他：

 可以：can, be able/capable/allowed/enabled to
 应 该 ： should, ought, it is wise/necessary/essential/recommended for sb. to do, sb. be
 supposed/ has the duty/ be responsible to do
 可能：be likely to, stand a good chance of, there is some possibility that, may/might, it is
possible for
 面对：face, be faced/confronted with
 大城市：mega cities, metropolises
 实施：impose, introduce, put on, adopt, levy, implement
 花时间：spend one’s time doing, be devoted/dedicated to doing; commit one’s time to doing
 重：heavy, hefty, onerous
 能轻易使用：have easy access to sth.
 反感：antipathy
 公交系统：public transportation system, mass transit system
 不堪重负：be overwhelmed
 涌入：flood into
 证实：verify, confirm, certify
 大数据：big data analytics
 提交申请：submit application
 先前提及：aforementioned
 不可避免地：unavoidably, inevitably
 必然会：be bound to, be set to
 绝大多数：the vast majority of
 坚持自己的选择：stick with one’s choice
 The reason is simple: …