Research Log Official

Research Log Example - Solutionary Project 2023
Date: 21 January 2023

Name: Mr. Lay
Central Question: Why aren’t more people commuting by bicycle in Honolulu?
Thesis: Although Honolulu has made strides towards becoming a cycling friendly city with the implementation of a 2-
mile protected bike lane on King Street, still few of the city's residents commute by bicycle due to poor bike
infrastructure and a lack of bicycle education, along with access to affordable bicycles.
Essay Sections:
#1 What is the problem? What are the systemic causes? Who is hurt and who benefits? Fundamentally, there
aren’t enough people on bikes in Oahu and this creates too much vehicular traffic in downtown Honolulu.
#2: What has been and is being done? protected bike lane, 3-foot passing law, public transportation systems
(bike accommodation), The Hawaii Cycling League BikeEd Program, Biki bike-share program
#3: What do you think should be done and what do you intend to do? People for Bikes, Kalihi Valley
Instructional Bike Exchange (KVIBE), Bill SB2517
In which section will you use this source? #1
Excerpts: Green = Quote introduction, try introducing quotes in various ways (, : ; etc.)
Purple = Evidence, try using varied lengths, but make sure it is important regardless!
Red = Parenthetical Citation, (author’s last name, publication year) – if no author, use source title
1. Fleming gives the example of the KGP Design Studio's Bikestation in Washington D.C.: "The project
was funded completely by the District of Columbia Department of Transportation (DDOT) and carried a
$3M price tag. This elaborate glass and steel structure, located adjacent to the D.C. Union Train Station,
supplies 100 storage spaces for local cyclists" (Bike Plan Update, 2019).
2. Honolulu needs to confront the visibility, safety, and accessibility issues that plague the current cycling
infrastructure to realize bicycle commuting to its fullest potential. The Portland Bureau of
Transportation categorized four general groups and their differing needs; For example, “The strong and
fearless" (<1% of the total population), "The enthused and the confident" (7%), "The interested but
concerned" (60%), and "The no way, no how" (33%). After many surveys and polls, the primary
concern for cyclists who did not fall under the "strong and fearless" group, is the fear of being on the
road on a bicycle. The "interested but concerned" group represents the majority of Portland's residents”
(Bike Plan Update, 2019).
3. For example, in recent years, Hawaii has passed legislation in the form of a "3-foot passing law that
requires motorists to provide at least three feet of clear space when passing a cyclist. This new law
represents an important opportunity for DTS and the bicycling community to collaborate with HPD on
public education and enforcement campaign" (Bike Plan Update, 2019).
Commentary and Analysis:

Explanation: What does the quote mean
Analysis: Why is the quote important, why does it matter in the grand scheme of things?
1. Although costs were high in constructing the D.C. Bikestation, the DDOT speculates that the
structure will convert more than 100 D.C. drivers into cyclists. Converting drivers into cyclists is no
small task; the above Bikestation idea has potential, but the cost is high. A more cost-effective way
the state can tackle this issue is through education. Suppose the state requires all public schools to
include bicycle safety into their curricula. In that case, one can hope that more people will grow up
with the knowledge, appreciation, and awareness surrounding bikes. This can potentially shift the
negative connotation that often surrounds cycling, not to mention creating more "safety-first"
minded individuals, decreasing the likelihood of bike-related accidents on the road.
2. Unfortunately, Honolulu has not conducted extensive studies related to Portland's four cyclist
groups, but by generalizing these group distributions and applying them to Honolulu, approximately
half of the population falls into the "interested but concerned" category. In Honolulu this would
consist of about 200,000 residents. This group and existing cyclists should be the target audience
moving forward as the city aims to get more cyclists on the road.
3. The city is looking at many factors when promoting cycling in Honolulu. Nevertheless, it is most
beneficial to focus on what has been accomplished to promote the city's cycling goals. This further
dispels the myth that it is dangerous to cycle on Island. Most local cyclists find motorists
accommodating on the road, especially in similar cities on the mainland.
MLA Work Cited:
“O'ahu Bike Plan Update.” Honolulu.gov, 2019, pp. 1–90.

https://www.honolulu.gov/bicycle/bikeplanupdate.html.
This is a reputable and reliable article because Honolulu.gov is directly involved with the implementation of bike
infrastructure on Oahu. It is a government source, and the “Bike Plan Update” is a report that compiles cycling data
from the past serval years.
Research Log #1 - Solutionary Project 2023
Date: 24 February 2023
Name: Jack Kouchi
Central Question: How can we make it so that the Hapu’u plant isn’t slowly going extinct.
Thesis: Although there are organizations on Hawai’i that help the native and endangered plants to Hawai’i,
there are still a lot of problems for the endangered plant species due to the invasive species eating and
harming them, and humans damaging plants in order to build infrastructures.
Essay Sections:
#1 What is the problem? What are the systemic causes? Who is hurt and who benefits?
The problem is that the Hapu’u plant is going down in numbers pretty fast because of over-excavation and other
reasons such as invasive species hurting it. The systemic causes are over-excavation, used for recreational purposes,
etc. The people who are hurt from the specie being endangered are the people that need the medicine or food from
this plant. The people who benefit from this plant are the people that need the medicinal product from the plant and
the food from the plant.
#2: What has been and is being done?

I couldn’t find much about what has been done but I do think that there is something that has been done. For
example, there are probably organizations out here were trying to preserve this plant. For the what is being done
part, I am not 100% sure so I am going to try to talk to this non-profit organization to see if they know anything or if
they are doing something about the Hapu’u plant.
#3: What do you think should be done and what do you intend to do?
I think that the people that are over-excavating this plant should slow down and think about what happens if they
were to take too much and it becomes extinct, if they need it then take it but if it’s for recreational purposes it
probably shouldn’t be used and should be preserved. I intend to try to work with a non-profit organization like KKV
and see what I can do in order to try and preserve this plant.
In which section will you use this source? 1
Excerpts:
1. “The Hawaiian tree fern is becoming scarce. It should only be planted where garden conditions are ideal. Trunks
cut and planted in less-than-ideal locations live for a while but gradually decline and die. Do not collect tree ferns
from the forest without proper authorization. Whenever possible, use only plants propagated by nurseries.”
(Hensley, 2003)
2. Australian and Asian tree ferns are available from many commercial plant nurseries. These species are invasive
and grow more rapidly than Hawaiian tree ferns, so they have the potential to be devastating to hapu‘u in native
habitats. These alien species have become popular because of their “improved” horticultural characteristics, but
from the point of view of safeguarding native Hawaiian ecosystems, their use should not be encouraged, and the
native Hawaiian species should be used preferentially. (Hensley, 2003)
3. “Hapu‘u was once common in wetter areas of all the major Hawaiian Islands. Until recently, large numbers of
Hawaiian tree ferns were harvested for orchid media and landscape use. Over-exploitation has reduced hapu‘u
stands drastically.” (Hensley, 2003)

1. The first excerpt is talking about how the Hapu’u plant is becoming rare to find because of the people
that are collecting the plants without proper authorization. This quote is important because its showing
that this plant can become extinct if it’s not planted where its ideal for them to grow and when there are
people without proper authorization collecting them. This matters because if people keep taking them
without authorization, then they will become more and more scarce, and they may go extinct.
2. The next excerpt is saying that there are different tree ferns from different countries/areas that are here
in Hawaii that is invasive to the Hawaiian tree ferns which isn’t good because that means that they can
cause harm to the Hawaiian tree ferns which isn’t good because if it keeps causing harm to the native
plants then they will become less and less in numbers. This is important because if we don’t do anything
about the invasive species then the plants could become very scarce or even extinct.
3. Lastly, this excerpt is talking about where the Hapu’u plants used to be common and where you could
find them and now a lot of them were harvested for landscape and orchid media use. This is important to
note because it shows that they were once common and now they are scarce because they were used for
orchid media and landscape use which they shouldn’t be scarce because of that, if anything they should
be scarce because of the reason that they are important which is for medicinal and food purposes.
MLA Work Cited:

Hensley, David, et al. "Hapu ‘u (Hawaiian Tree Fern)." (2003).
Hensley, D. (2003) Scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu. Available at:

https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/712f62c2-bf3c-4404-b59d-
2d9f89811a0e/content (Accessed: March 1, 2023).
This is a reputable and reliable article because

It says at the top of the page College of Tropical Agriculture of Human Resources and University of Manoa. This
shows that this was made by people that go to college and probably spent a lot of time researching about this plant.

Date: 1 March 2023
Name: Jack Kouchi
Essay Sections:

example, there are probably organizations out here were trying to preserve this plant. For what is being done part, I
am not 100% sure so I am going to try to talk to this non-profit organization to see if they know anything or if they
are doing something about the Hapu’u plant.
Excerpts:
1. “Hawaii has more endangered and threatened plants than any other state in the United States (263/699
taxa or 38% U.S. listed vascular plants). Because of the magnitude of the conservation problems in the
Hawaiian Islands, it is vital that biologists, conservationists, and land managers have the most up-to-date
information possible. This 1999 assessment of Hawaiian vascular plant species at risk is an update of the
compilation provided by Wagner et al. (1990). It is derived from a database maintained in the Pacific
Island program in the Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution.” (Wagner, 1999)
2. “The 1999 list provides the most current status of Hawaiian plants at risk, allowing the efforts to
conserve these taxa and their ecosystems to be as focused as possible. The listing of plants by the
Service lags well behind the biological assessment that a particular taxon is of concern or at risk of
extinction because of the lengthy legal procedures required for formally listing a species as threatened or
endangered and the need for sufficient written data to support listing.” (Wagner, 1999)
3. “Of the 1,094 taxa of native flowering Hawaiian plants recognized by Wagner et al. (1990), 423 (38%)
were considered to be extinct or at risk; of these taxa, 107 were presumed extinct (10% of the native
taxa), 139 endangered (12%), 39 vulnerable (4%), and 138 rare (12%). The assignment of these
categories was still subjective but was based upon better and more complete biological information than
was available during the development of previous Hawaiian lists of at-risk species described about.”
(Wagner, 1999)

1. The first excerpt is saying that out of all the states in the US, Hawaii has the most threatened and
endanger plants. It also says that the biologists, conservationist, and land managers have to be up to date
on all the information as possible. This is important because it shows that Hawaii’s plants are
endangered and need to be taken care of more and if we don’t do that then the plants that are endangered
will most likely go extinct or already extinct.
2. The next excerpt is talking about how there is a list about the statuses of the Hawaiian plants that are at
risk of extinction. This is important because when people know what plant is at risk of being extinct then
people will probably be more careful with that plant and some people may even try to help that plant
which would be helpful in the grand scheme of things because if you can help make that plant grow
more than that would be one of the endangered species taken off the list.
3. The las excerpt is talking about the percentages of the native flowering Hawaiian plants that are
endangered or at risk of being endangered and this is important because it shows how much of the native
plants in Hawaii that are going/at risk of being extinct and if we don’t do anything about it then it’s
never going to be a thing again. This quote is important because it shows that 38% of our plants are
considered extinct or at risk of being extinct and that’s more than 1/3 of out native species that are going
extinct and that is not good for Hawaii because some of the plants could be important to the people in
Hawaii.
What does the quote mean?

Why is the quote important, why does it matter in the grand scheme of things?
MLA Work Cited:
Wagner, W. (1999) Hawaiian Vascular Plants At Risk: 1999 - smithsonian institution. Available at:
https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/7606/bot_Wagner_et_al_1999_AtRisk.pdf (Accessed:
March 2, 2023).

It was published by the Bishop Museum, and they show their research publications of their museum. With that
they had 4 people working on this paper and they explained who they are and what they do and the main person
works in the Department of Botany and that has to do with plants and it is important they know what they are
talking and Wagner most likely knows a lot of things about plants because of his work in the Department of
Botany.

Date: 22 March 2023
Name: Jack Kouchi
Essay Sections:

Excerpts:
1. “Anything like public awareness of the seriousness of what the world is losing has been almost
completely lacking until the last five years, and even since then, attention has been directed almost
entirely to animal species, and mostly large or conspicuous ones.”
2. “During the last several years, however, projects have been undertaken to produce lists of endangered
plants in several states, and these are multiplying. Two conferences on Hawaiian endangered species, at
which plants were given some attention, were sponsored by Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden in 1970,
one in conjunction with the Smithsonian Institution and the other at the University of Hawaii with the
Western Society of Naturalists. A beginning list of rare and threatened Hawaiian plants was prepared for
the first of these by the senior author of the present report. Copies of this were circulated in Hawaii, and
many critical and important suggestions were made.”
3. “However, certain nagging problems were still unresolved. The criteria for inclusion of species in the
list were vague, and they were not applied uniformly to different groups.”

1. The first excerpt is saying that there wasn’t any public awareness of seriousness of the problem of rare
and endangered species in Hawaii until the last couple years from when this was published. It also says
that even since they started to “care” about the plants the main focus has been the animal species. This is
important because it shows that the animals are way more important than the endangered plants of
Hawaii which it shouldn’t be because it should be that they are cared about equally. Also, if the plants
that go extinct are the only food a particular animal eats then the animal that particularly eats it will not
have anything to eat.
2. The second excerpt is talking about how there have been projects to make lists of plant species that are
endangered. It says that when there were two conferences in Hawaii it was noticed and were sponsored
by the PTBG. There was a list of the endangered species and copies of it were going around in Hawaii
and there were many suggestions made. This is important because it shows there was an effort to make
lists of plant species that were endangered and how the list circulated around Hawaii and there were
suggestions made in order to help the plants and make it so that they become less and less endangered.
3. The last excerpt says that there are still a lot of problems that are unresolved, and that the inclusion was
vague for the species. This is important because it shows even though there were a lot of suggestions
and there was a good effort it still wasn’t enough because there are still problems that are going on and
it’s going to take a lot more work to help the endangered species.
MLA Work Cited:
Fosberg, F.R. and Herbst, D. (1975) Rare and Endangered Species of Hawaiian Vascular
Plantshttps://www.jstor.org/stable/23189952, Rare and Endangered Species of Hawaiian Vascular Plants
on JSTOR. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/23189952 (Accessed: March 26, 2023).

This was published by two people that can be trusted because one of them is from the Smithsonian Institution in
Washington D.C. and the other one is from an Arboretum in Hawaii and they both seem like two places where
reliable people are from and know what they’re doing.

Date: 2 April 2023
Name: Jack Kouchi
Essay Sections:

Excerpts:
1. “With help from a botanist in Japan, Perlman and his colleagues have been hand-pollinating the remaining
Psychotria Grandiflora by collecting viable pollen from male plants and dabbing it onto the female flowers,
allowing them to reproduce. This plant, with the beautiful white flower we’re looking at along the trail, is a
natural offspring of that artificial pollination. And it’s safe to say that, if it weren’t for PEPP, this plant
species maybe would have been extinct in the wild by now.”
2. “Pyschotria grandiflora is just one example. There are currently 238 plant species that PEPP is trying to
save from extinction. But the future of PEPP itself is in peril. Since its beginning in the early 2000s, the
program has been funded by mostly federal money; the budget varied year to year, but it was about $1
million, says Joan Yoshioka, Hawaii’s statewide PEPP manager. The bulk of that money --- about 70 to
90 percent --- came from the US Fish and Wildlife Service, she says, as well as other federal grants.”
3. “In the last year alone, however, the FWS funding has been cut by 50 percent, to about $500,000. And
come October, when the new fiscal year begins, Yoshioka is expecting more cuts --- possibly another 50
percent. (Including all sources of revenue, PEPP raised only 75 percent of its budget, Yoshioka says.)
Perlman’s helicopter budget --- around $50,000 --- has already been slashed, he says. He desperately
needs that money to access rare species that only grow on steep cliffs where no cars can get to. Without
the federal money, saving endangered species will be a real challenge. It may mean we might lose
species. Yoshioka says. That’s just the reality of it.”

1. The first excerpt is important because it shows that a botanist that came from his Japan had been taking
care of this endangered specie in order to for them to be healthy and reproduce more of the plants. If the
botanist and his colleagues didn’t help reproduce them then they would be very rare or even have
become extinct. This is important because that would’ve been another endangered plant in Hawaii that
would’ve become extinct and that would not be great because this plant could be vital to the people and
animals of the islands of Hawaii.
2. The second quote is important because this one is saying that this group called the PEPP was helping
238 plant species from extinction, but the group was in peril because it wasn’t getting the money it
needed. It was funded mostly by the federal money and the budget was varying from year to year. This
is important because if the group isn’t getting enough money to help them save these endangered plants,
then they will most likely become extinct or very rare because the plants are getting the help that they
need.
3. The last excerpt is important because its talking about how their found has been cut 50% which is a lot
and that the group is expecting more cuts when the new fiscal begins. It also says that the helicopter
budget they had got cut too which isn’t good because now it would be hard to impossible to get the
plants that grow on steep cliffs and help nurture them. This is important because with a lot of their
budget getting cut it is going to be very difficult for them to get to the plants and help save the other
plants because they are getting the resources that they need in order to protect the endangered plant
species.
MLA Work Cited:
Potenza, A. (2017) The scientists saving Hawaii's rarest plants need to be saved, The Verge. Available at:
https://www.theverge.com/2017/5/17/15648022/hawaii-endangered-plant-extinction-prevention-program-
kopiko (Accessed: April 3, 2023).

It is published by The Verge and after looking up if they were reputable and reliable is showed that they were
reliable. I would also say that this article is reliable because they added a lot of detail and information where an
article which is not reputable would probably be vague and not tell a lot of details, but this article had good
information and detail.

Date: 10 April 20233
Name: Jack Kouchi
Essay Sections:

Excerpts:
1. “Nestled in the back of Kalihi Valley, Ho‘oulu ‘Āina welcomes people of Kalihi ahupuaʻa and beyond
to nurture meaningful relationships with ʻāina, each other, and our best selves. By listening to the land,
creating community connections, restoring native forest and growing food sovereignty, we revitalize the
shared ancestral goals of this ʻāina, Hawaiʻi.”
2. “Hoʻoulu ʻĀina welcomes volunteers from keiki to kūpuna who may live in the Kalihi community or
another part of the world. There are opportunities for individuals and groups to engage in mālama ʻāina
practices such as organic reforestation, gardening, and cultural sharing.”
3. “Our kūpuna knew and celebrated the importance of food. Ipu-o-Lono workdays continue this ancestral
celebration. Work with our Mahi ʻĀina staff in the garden to feed our community. Help and learn to care
for space and soil - feeding, amending, and shaping garden beds as well as pulling weeds and feeding
compost piles. We will also need help prepping the harvest to be delivered to our community, which
entails washing, cleaning, and bagging vegetables.”

1. The first excerpt is important because it’s talking about where the organization is located and what they
do. They say that they welcome people to come there and volunteer and by doing so they will be able to
help the forest, plants, and a lot more. This is important because you can see that this organization is
doing good things for the island. They are helping to restore the native forest and plants so that there
doesn’t become less and less plants or parts of the forest.
2. The second excerpt is important because it’s saying the opportunities they have there when volunteering.
It says that they do thinks such as reforestation, gardening, and more. This is important because I went
there to volunteer, and it gives people who are passionate about the plants here in Hawai’i a place to
help the forest and plants out.
3. The last excerpt is important because this is one of the three volunteer workdays that they have. This is
volunteer workday is different from the others where they work with general things like planting,
gardening, etc. This is important because people can have different experience doing different things on
different days and they don’t do the same things every day. People can see the work that goes into these
organizations.
MLA Work Cited:
Goals — hoʻoulu ʻāina - hoouluaina.org (no date). Available at: https://hoouluaina.org/goals (Accessed: April
15, 2023).

This is a non-profit organization that is working to help the plants that are native to Hawai’i. They have a whole
site dedicated to the plants in order to help them grow.
Research Log #6- Solutionary Project 2023

Date: 19 April 2023
Name: Jack Kouchi
Essay Sections:

Excerpts:
1. “The narrow geographic range of many native Hawaiian species makes them very susceptible to decline
from a loss of habitat quantity and quality. A growing human population already has damaged or
destroyed much of Hawaii's native plant habitat. The additional harmful effects of introduced plants and
animals have driven many species even closer to the brink of extinction. So far, approximately 100
native Hawaiian plant species of historical times are no longer thought to exist in the wild, with only a
handful saved in cultivation.”
2. “Until these threats can be managed, the status of endemic species in Hawaii will continue to decline
and more species will become threatened with extinction. Habitat conservation and the control of
harmful nonnative species are necessary for the survival and ultimate recovery of Hawaii's native plants
and animals. However, for many Hawaiian plants, these approaches will not be implemented quickly
enough to prevent extinction.”
3. “We have dubbed Hawaiian plant species that number fewer than 50 individuals the “Genetic Safety
Net” (GSN) species of Hawaii. Currently there are approximately 150 GSN species, although the
numbers can change rapidly as more individuals and/or populations are located, and other populations
disappear. We view emergency actions for these species as temporary but essential measures to prevent
extinction until enough suitable habitats can be secured.

1. The first except is important because it’s talking about how since there isn’t many native Hawaiian
plants it makes them a lot easier to decline in numbers because of how their habitat is. With humans and
other problematic effects these Hawaiian plants that are endangered are decreasing in number and only a
handful of them have been saved in cultivation. This is important because it shows the reasons that the
plants are becoming less and less in number and how not many are being saved. The ones being saved
are due to the cultivation.
2. The second excerpt is important because its speaking about the number of the species will go down and
down and may reach extinction if the problems that are causing the plants to go down in numbers can’t
be resolved. It also says that the habitat conservation will be key for the survival of the plants and for
some of the plants the solutions won’t be implemented fast enough. This is important because it shows
that for some of the plants, we may not be able to do anything about them which is why we have to try
and save the plants that we are able to help bring up in numbers.
3. The last excerpt is important because this one is talking about how they have a title for the plants that
have fewer than 50 in numbers and there were currently around 150 of them which is a lot. If no one
does anything about those plants, then there would just be 150 species that would go extinct. It does say
that the numbers can change more rapidly as more populations are located. They said that they would
need to do something temporary that can hold the species up until they can find suitable habitats that can
be secured. This is important because that is a lot of plant species that are very low in numbers and if we
don’t do anything then those 150 could go extinct and they could be important to our island and to the
people.
MLA Work Cited:
Bruegmann, M.M., Caraway, V. and Maunder, M. (2003) A safety net for Hawaii's rarest plants. University of
Michigan. Available at: https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE
%7CA102657730&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=10813705&p=AONE&sw=w
&userGroupName=anon%7E471c28ac (Accessed: April 23, 2023).
This article was written by people from the University of Michigan. This article was also found on google
scholar and is accessed through the library.

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Research Log Example - Solutionary Project 2023

Date: 21 January 2023

In which section will you use this source? #1

Commentary and Analysis:

MLA Work Cited:

“O'ahu Bike Plan Update.” Honolulu.gov, 2019, pp. 1–90.

#2: What has been and is being done?

In which section will you use this source? 1

Commentary and Analysis:

MLA Work Cited:

Hensley, D. (2003) Scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu. Available at:

This is a reputable and reliable article because

Research Log #2 - Solutionary Project 2023

#2: What has been and is being done?

In which section will you use this source? 1

Commentary and Analysis:

What does the quote mean?

MLA Work Cited:

This is a reputable and reliable article because

Research Log #3 - Solutionary Project 2023

#2: What has been and is being done?

In which section will you use this source? 2

Commentary and Analysis:

MLA Work Cited:

This is a reputable and reliable article because

Research Log #4 - Solutionary Project 2023

#2: What has been and is being done?

In which section will you use this source? 2

Commentary and Analysis:

MLA Work Cited:

This is a reputable and reliable article because

Research Log #5 - Solutionary Project 2023

#2: What has been and is being done?

In which section will you use this source? 3

Commentary and Analysis:

This is a reputable and reliable article because

Research Log #6- Solutionary Project 2023

#2: What has been and is being done?

Commentary and Analysis:

MLA Work Cited:

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