Look at What We Made’: communicating subcultural value on London’s

Southbank

1 According to the authors, why did conflict arise between the Southbank Centre, urban
planning authorities and local skaters?

According to the authors, the conflict arose between the South Bank, the urban planning
authorities and the local skaters because there was a leftover space beneath the Bank which
was occupied by skaters as it was ideal for their hobby. As time passed by, the land value
started to go up and the skaters were taken out of their place by the owners of the land, who
were aiming to fund a big redevelopment programme called Long Live Southbank (LLSB).

2What point is made by connecting Southbank skaters’ cultural practices and intangible
heritage in paragraph 2?

The point that is made by connecting Southbank skaters cultural practice with intangible
heritage consists in making clear that even though local skaters made the place feel alive and
make it their own community space, the real owner of the place is who occupied the property
first. At the beginning, the owners were the people who organized the Britain festival in 1951
but later on we imagine it was sold to the Southbank Centre as it is located at that place now.

3 Explain why the authors refer to ‘strong boundary maintenance’, paragraph 4.

The author refers to strong boundary maintenance trying to say that, because that place was
empty, nobody wanted it and they were the first to inhabit it, they deserved to stay.

4 What are the key differences between skaters and social protest movements?

The key difference between skaters and social protest movements is that local skaters, which
represent a subculture, defend their hobby and the people inside its community; on the other
hand social protest movements intend to fight for something which will be shared by many
different publics,aside from which beliefs they have .

5 Do authors seem to support the skater community’s campaign? Justify your answer by
summarizing the most relevant data mentioned.

The authors seem to support the skater community’s campaign as they mentioned that
subcultural value is given by the young people’s political origin taking into account their
knowledge and experience. By exercising their right to freedom of expression, skaters explain
how they feel about the space, how they manifest these attachments and experiences and if
they are heard or not and to what extent.

Territorial Education through Urban Agriculture. Contributing to Building

Sustainable Cities in Times of a Pandemic

1 Why is Territorial Education (TE) important?

Territorial Education is very important as it focuses on the local level in the global pandemic
context which initiated concerns and globalization’s decisive thoughts.

2) Compare/contrast the two scenarios by Fujita and Hamaguchi in paragraph 2

The first scenario by fujita and Hamaguchi took place when people thought that buying lots of
supplies, scared that the locally made supplies would run off; this behavior turned out to be a
disadvantage for globalization. On the other hand, the second scenario occurred when covid
created opportunities to reorient globalization through cooperation, which was advantageous
for all the countries.

3) Explain points made through the reference to “sustainable food system”, paragraph 3

A sustainable food system comprises the different food production stages: production,
processing, distribution, trade to final consumption, waste management. This system also
promotes a healthy environment while ensuring food and nutrition by giving great quality and
good quantity of food to all.

4) Discuss the importance of inclusive public spaces and participatory processes

Inclusive public spaces and participatory processes are important as they will help people
understand the importance of food along with urban sustainability. Furthermore, people will
learn about platforms and networks that will promote the collaboration of citizens to build a
circular, resilient and no-waste city.

5) What are the advantages of developing a comprehensive Food Strategy? Justify

your answer by referring to the most relevant data in the text above.

By working together at activities that could make the city greener, a comprehensive food
strategy would help people to appreciate how worthy would it be to develop a sustainable city
and at the same time this activities will help them learn about platforms and networks to
collaborate in the process of making a no-waste, resilient and circular city altogether.

Differentiating Anxiety from Fear

1-According to the authors’ hypothesis, what type of behaviour is anxiety related to?

According to the author´s hypothesis, Anxiety is said to be related to the defensive approach
behavior which includes the passive avoidance behavior.

2) What stimulates the behavioural inhibition system (BIS)?

Where the potential consequences are uncertain, ambivalent or the latest stimuli, stimulate
the BIS system. This system causes increased attention, risk assessment and checking of
memory traces to examine the thread of the stimuli. All sort of goal conflicts (comprising
approach-avoidance and approach-approach conflicts) power the Behaviour Inhibition
System.

3) Explain ‘flight behaviour is elicited’

When talking about defensive avoidance, Flight behavior is chosen when there is a possibility
to escape and the distance to the thread is greater than to decide to freeze.

4) Mention what the characteristics of fight behaviour are, as stated in the text

above.

Fight behavior consists on vocalization and display of teeth or claws (defensive thread), then
an explosive defensive attack at zero distance to threat. This particular behavior takes place as
the thread is so close that flight is impossible and freezing is not an appropriate reaction.

5) What supports the hypothesis that fear and anxiety are distinct emotional systems?

Fear and anxiety are proved to be distinct emotional systems as work done by experimenting
with medicinal products prove that only anxiety can be influenced by anxiolytic drugs but fear
cannot.

Writing t3

C) You are a member of an NGO that supports animal welfare. Write an ARTICLE

entitled “Fellow Creatures at Risk”.

A species is threatened when its population has dropped 30-50 percent and it becomes
endangered if there are fewer than 250 animals remaining. As to determine these conditions,
they must look at how many members of the species are living, the breeding rate and if there
are any threats to the species. After many years of researching, Conservation biologists have
recognized that many species are diminished as a result of many human activities.

Some of the species which are endangered are: javan rhinos,amur leopard, sunda island tiger,
mountain gorillas, tapanuli orangutan, yangtze finless porpoise, black rhinos, african forest
elephant, sumatran orangutan, hawksbill turtles. Extinction can happen due to habitat loss,
habitat changes, overexploitation of wildlife for commercial purposes, the introduction of
harmful nonnative species, pollution and the spread of diseases.

Regarding the avoidance of the species and the ecosystem, we should take responsibility and
learn what we can do in order to help the animals. Some ways we can contribute to species
conservation are recycling and buying sustainable products, not using herbicides and
pesticides in our gardens, making your home wildlife friendly, learning about endangered
species in our area and last but not less important, if you have a special bond with animals,
volunteering at our local nature center or wildlife refuge.
 The day technology saved my life

Last year I travelled with my friends to the beach and when I returned I had to take a train and
I got down at the wrong stop and was completely lost. At that moment I remembered I had my
phone with me and luckily my phone had battery and I was able to open the gps app. After
finding a way to return home , I was able to find what bus I could take to go back home. My
mum was really worried because I hadn’t arrived home at the agreed time; y mum was really
worried and decided to call me. Hopefully I had signal on my phone during the train trip and
could pick her call and tell her that I on my way home. Some hours after, I was able to get
home and my family was waiting for me with a delicious dinner.

If it hadn’t been for the internet and the advances technology has made nowadays, I couldn’t
have get orientated to get home. Also I couldn’t have called my mom when I was late and tell
her I would arrive in an hour.

AI

Secondly, the most used today is the limited memory Ai which learns from the past and builds
experiential knowledge by observing actions or data, uses historical, observational data in
combination with pre-programmed info to make predictions and perform complex
classification tasks For example, autonomous vehicles observe other car’s speed and direction,
helping them to read the road and adjust as needed. Thirldly, the theory of mind IA which can
acquire true decision-making capabilities that are similar to humans, they are able to
understand and remember emotions and also adjust behavior based on those emotions as
they interact with people. The kismet robot head is an example of this type of IA, which could
recognize emotional signals on human faces and replicate those emotions on its own face.
Fourthly, there is the most advanced type of Self Aware ia which can be aware of their own
emotions and the emotions of other around them, they have a level of consciousness and
intelicene similar to human beings. We haven’t developed this type of sophisticated AI yet and
don’t have the hardware or algorithms to support it.

As any technological advance, the IA proyect has pros and cons. Some of its advantages are the
removal of human error and risk, 24/7 availability, inbiased decision making, cost reduction,
ability of performing of repetitive work, data acquisition and analysis. At the same time IA
cannot learn from its own experience and mistakes, creates ethical problems, reduces jobs for
humans, degrades machines over time, lacks of emotion and creativity and can be extremely
costly.

The IA proyect is the lively proof that technology has improved through the years due to the
experience and information that has been researched. Being able to programme computers to
get done innumerable human tasks may be useful but we should not let machines do
everything for us because at the end we would stop using our capacity to think. For example,
people may lose their jobs due to advances in AI and they would be pushed out of the
workforce. To sum up, we should be wise by developing IA in our favour and puting ourselves
in each other shoes.

Letter about my day as an exchange student in a foreign country

Wake up go to school go to drama club return home eat lunch help aunt with the chores go
skating take a bath do homework eat with fam watch a reality show

our English teacher has asked you to write a story.

Your story must begin with

I took a deep breath and knocked on the door. It started to rain heavily.
Dear Bianca:

How are u getting along with college? Are you getting used to living all by yourself? Do you
enjoy living in the big city? What are u up to these days? I miss u a lot and wanted to hear of u
as well.

Here things are going stupendous. I’ve been staying at my aunt’s house for 20 days now. She
is really nice with me and makes me feel like I’m at home. My cousins showed me around town
and its small but it is pretty attractive. There are especially picturesque spots to watch the
sunrise and the sunset, there is a majestic beach which is aquamarine crystalline color and also
there is a huge 80’s style arcade.

Next, I’m going to tell u how is day in my life at Virginia Beach. First of all, I wake up at 7 am, I
eat breakfast and prepare lunch to eat at school later. Next, my cousins and I get ready to go
to school and take the classic yellow bus to get to school. When we have arrived there, each of
us go to their classes and meet their friends. At midday when regular classes have finished, we
eat lunch at the cafeteria and we go to our extracurricular classes afterwards. I decided to take
drama and cooking classes. I find these subjects vastly stimulating and I was able to get along
with their topics quickly. When we are all finished with our extracurricular classes, we get
together and return home while talking about how our day of school has been. As we arrive
home, I do my homework for the day after if I have any and later on I help my aunt with the
garden while she tells me about her day at work. After finishing with the plants, I take a
shower and when i finish doing my skincare routine I usually call my parents and talk with
them for a while. When it gets dark, all the family gathers up at the kitchen and we eat all
together while watching some football match as they are devoted football fans. Then I usually I
lay on my bed and read a book till I get asleep.

At week days my days are pretty the same. Meanwhile at the weekends, we usually go to
spend the whole day at the beach and when there’s no one left there, we go to play games at
the arcade and eat burgers before returning home to watch a movie together.

Even though I enjoy spending time with my family, I truly miss hanging out with you. I can’t
wait to go back to London to see you. I know that u would love living here and the people here
are really caring as well.

Lastly, I would like to know if there’s something u want me to buy for u here! Just tell me and
ill bring it to u.

Take care,

Miss u lots

Maia
It started to rain heavily. I had just arrived home from my dance class and decided to take a
shower as I was sweaty. After I finished showering, I went to the kitchen to cook dinner and it
was still raining steadily. When I was next to the table waiting for the water to boil, I heard an
unfamiliar sound that seemed to come from outside. I started to listen carefully to find out
where it was coming from. Following, I realized that what I was hearing seemed to be a
meowing coming from the front door. Subsequently I opened the door and found a tiny black
kitty which was shivering due to the rain. I took it in my arms, quickly went inside and found a
blanket to cover the kitten and keep it warm. Some hours after, the pet was peacefully
sleeping in my lap while I was watching a movie.

The day after the storm I posted an ad on Facebook looking for someone to adopt the
kitty. A week went by and no one offered to take care of the kitty so I ask myself why I couldn’t
keep her home as I’ve never had a pet and I used to feel lonely. Finally, i decided to adopt her
and named her stormy as she appeared when it was raining.

Now it’s been 2 year since she appeared in my life: she makes me the happiest person in the
world and I never felt lonely again. Since I have to go to work Stormy spent a lot of time alone
at home, so I decided to adopt another kitty to make her feel accompanied. I called the new
kitten sunny as she is yellow and also the sun is the antonym of stormy. When Sunny arrived,
they didn’t get along well but as time passed by they started to get used to each other
presence. Nowadays, they play together all day and sleep with me every night.

Dear Allison,

How are you doing? Are you still learning English in the national institute? I remember
that before the Covid-19 situation, you told me you wanted to learn a language with a
different alphabet as you were curious and wanted to challenge yourself with something
harder than a language which is similar to English. In the middle of 2021, I started to learn
Chinese online so I’ll tell you about my experience for u to take into account at the time of
deciding to learn a new language.

It all started when I watched a Youtube video about the Chinese language and how it would
become the universal language in the future as China is the most technologically advanced
country. I decided to search for websites where I could take Chinese classes. I found an
Argentinian-Chinese association that offers online Chinese classes. After thinking about it for
some days, I decided to take classes once a week. Each course lasts 3 months and each weekly
class lasts two hours. In order to advance to the next level, you need to pass a virtual exam.

Having virtual classes was entertaining as my teachers were great at explaining the topics. At
the end of each class, they would give us exercises to do at home and we would correct them
next class together. On top of that, the professors would make us read out loud to practice
pronunciation so as to help us to improve it. As the classes were via zoom, they were recorded
and sent to the students group chat. The recorded classes were very helpful to check if you
weren’t sure about some specific topic and you could also watch them if you were absent at
any class. As to follow the theoric part of the classes, there is a book which you have to buy
where there are different types of exercises to solve. In addition, the association has an online
campus on which there are lots of acti vities for u to practice and you can even practice a
mock exam.

Learning a language difficult as Chinese is an extremely fulfilling experience even though is

tougher than to learn a language with the same alphabet as English. For me the hardest part of
learning Chinese was tracing and remembering the characters to write each Chinese word. At
the same time, many words in Chinese have a particular origin, which makes it easier to
remember while learning vocabulary.

Moreover by learning Chinese you get the chance to get hired at jobs that require knowing
foreign languages and you could also be sent abroad to give courses or for training purposes.

The Chinese culture looks really captivating and China has innumerable picturesque places to
visit as well. It’s also really impressive how different their habits and dishes are from ours.

If you want to know more details about the course or about my experience learning Chinese,
you can send me another email or we could hang out while having tee.

Looking forward to hearing from you,

Maia

She opened the letter and it said she’d won $100,000. Callie had won the lottery and she took
some days to decide what she was going to do with that massive amount of money. Later on
that week, she chose to buy plane tickets to travel to Orlando with her daughter, her sister and
her nephews. Her sister was only two years older than her and had three beautiful kids: they
and Callie´s daughter got along incredibly good and had always dreamed of travelling together.

Callie went to pick up her daughter from school before going to work and told her about their
holidays. Amelia, Callie´s daughter, was extremely happy after hearing what her mother told
her and she thanked her for organizing the trip afterwards. When she had finished her day at
work, Callie went to her sister’s house to tell her about the trip. She told them that they were
travelling the next day and were spending the next two weeks in the US. Her nephews hugged
her tightly and started to cry with happiness.

That night, Amelia and Callie prepared their luggage while watching their favorite tv show and
started writing a list with the places they wanted to visit in Orlando after eating dinner.
Without noticing, they looked at the clock and it was tremendously late so they decided to go
to sleep as a long journey was waiting for them the next day.

Midday was near and Callie and Amelia were waiting for Callie’s sister to pick them up while
checking if they had all the things they needed. They arrived at the airport at the evening and
as they were early, they waited there till the time their flight was scheduled to take off.
Subsequent to making two stops and walk through all the shops at the airport, they arrived
safely at Orlando. The whole family was immensely excited and ready to spend the two
greatest weeks of their lives.
 Burnout is a state of complete mental, physical, and emotional exhaustion in which it is
difficult to engage in activities you normally find meaningful. In other words, Burnout is a
reaction to prolonged or chronic job stress. Most people spend the majority of their waking
hours working and as you may not be able to control things in your workplace, you might start
experiencing burnout. However, there are ways to control how to cope with stress.

Some physical symptoms of Burnout are feeling tired most of the time, having low immunity,
having frequent headaches, back pain or muscle aches, having changes in appetite or sleeping
habits, feeling helpless, unmotivated and hopeless and experiencing an increase sense of
accomplishment. If you don’t gain any satisfaction from what you are doing, you start to hate
your job and begin to feel less capable at work; you are showing physical signs of burnout as
well. When talking about behavior, you may start to withdraw from responsibilities,
procrastinate most of the time, isolate yourself, drink alcohol not to think about it, take out
frustration on others, among others.

As to achieve reducing work burnout, you could talk to your boss about your concerns: work
together to solve problems and set realistic goals for what must be done. If your job offers an
employee assistance program, you may want to look at the services offered. If things are not
likely to change, it may be healthier for you to quit your current job and look for another one
that fits you better. Respecting to the emotional side, you should seek support in your co-
workers, friends or loved ones. Talking to others might help you cope and decide what you are
going to do about this matter. In order to reduce stress and put your mental health first, you
should try stress-helping activities such as yoga, meditation or taichi. Also, you could do some
regular exercise as a way to take your mind off work. Getting a good sleep would restore well-
being and protect your health as well. Regarding eating habits you should keep up eating a
well-balanced and healthy diet.

According to specialists, we should remember that our bodies don’t know the difference
between Real or Imagined Threats because if we spend time worrying about something that
can possibly happen, our brain will think that it is happening and as a consequence will release
stress hormones. Besides, we should be able to identify the areas in our work life that increase
our stress in order to manage and adjust accordingly. Finally, the most important thing we
should do is to learn about human stress response as to be equipped to manage it. Plus, our
stress response was evolutionarily designed to keep us safe.