Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Cordillera Administrative Region
Division of Tabuk City
TABUK CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

CULTURAL, SOCIAL, POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC SYMBOLS

AND PRACTICES
MODULE IN UNDERSTANDIGN CULTURE, SOCIETY AND
POLITICS
Quarter 1 – Week 3

CREEDENCE D. MUNAR 09276667990

KAYLYN L. DUCLAN 09166066089
SHANENDOAH S. DIAZ 09053590976
MARIEL N. DAMAGON 09653320906

Name of Student

Barangay

Cluster

Mobile Number
 What I need to know (Alamin/Ammuen)

Cultures are already part of our lives since these define us

who we are today. Thus, this module will help you analyses the
significance of cultural, social, political, and economic
symbols and practices. You may have been observing and doing
these aspects: cultural, social, political, and economic symbols and
practices but you are not aware of what they are, hence, this
module is made.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1) Explain the biological evolution of humans based on the

fossil’s records.
2) Identify anatomical features, and behavioral and cultural
changes necessary for adaptation.
3) Describe the development of hominim lifestyle during the
Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic periods.
4) Analyze how societies evolve through time.
5) Appreciate the value of culture.
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 What I Know (Subukin/Ania Ti Ammmok)

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your

answer on the blank provided before each item.

1) Hominid is the general term used by scientists to

categorize the group of early humans. Among the
four categories of hominids, which of these is
considered as the first stage of human evolution?
a. Ardipithecus c. Homo
b. Australopithecus d. Sahelanthropus
2) Of the four categories of Hominid, which of these
has the biological and cultural characteristics of a
modern human?
a. Ardipithecus c. Homo
b. Australopithecus d. Sahelanthropus
3) Analyze carefully the following words written
below. Which of these does not belong to the
group?
a. Ardipithecus c. Homo Habilis
b. Homo Erectus d. Homo Sapiens
4) What society characterizes the transfer of labor
workforce from manufacturing to service?
a. Industrial Societies c. Pastoral Societies
b. Neolithic Revolution d. Post- Industrial
5) Who said that species are not immutable, but that
those are belonging to what are called genera are
lineal descendants of some other and generally
extinct species, in the same manner as
acknowledged varieties of any one species?
a. Charles Darwin c. Donald Johanson
b. Daniel Bell d. Eugene Dubois
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6) The four major civilizations in the world: Sumerian
civilization, Egyptian civilization, Indus Valley
civilization and Shang civilization have their own
different political systems. What do Sumerians
call their political leader?
a. Brahmin c. Pharaoh
b. King Priest d. Priests and Royalty
7) Which of the following does not characterized the
four major civilizations of the world?
a. advanced technology c. job specialization
b. systematic institutions d. undeveloped
cities
8) If I have a brain size which is almost 𝟏⁄𝟑 of the size
of the modern human or equivalent to 500 cubic
centimeters (cc), which group of hominids should
I be categorized to?
a. Ardipithecus c. Homo
b. Australopithecus d. Sahelanthropus
9) If biological evolution means the changes in the
genetics and inherited traits of biological
population from one generation to one another,
what is, then, the best definition for cultural
evolution?
a. cultural evolution is defined as the changes on how
people behave towards one another
b. cultural evolution means changes in the lifestyle of
the people living in a society
c. it is defined as the transformation of tradition from
simple to more complex one
d. incorporating other’s culture to one’s culture and
making it as their own
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10) The development of the modern human,
according to scientists and archaeologists,
follows an evolutionary ladder, arrange the roman
numerals according to discoveries.
I. Homo
II. Sahelanthropus
III. Australopithecus
IV. Ardipithecus
a. I, IV, II, III c. IV, III, II, I
b. II, VI, III, I d. II, III, IV, I
11) If you are given the chance to become the
mayor of Tabuk City and the city is disturbed
because of a new virus, will you buy a medicine
worth a million to combat the virus even if the
consequence is being summoned by the
ombudsman?
a. Yes, if this is only the way to save my constituents.
b. No, because there are more important priorities to
attend to.
c. Maybe, because I have the power to spend a
million.
d. None of the above
12) As a member of a society, which of the following
shows how an individual illustrates his or her love
to his culture?
a. learning other’s dialect but not willing to learn own’s
culture
b. not joining any indigenous activities that promote
traditions and cultures
c. being ethnocentric to other culture
d. using facebook to post features of own’s culture
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13) Society refers to the interaction of people who
share a culture. Culture is the product of the
interaction of people.
a. The first statement is true; the second statement is
false
b. The first statement is false; the second statement is
true
c. Both statements are true
d. Both statements are false
14) Cultural evolution refers to the changes or
development in cultures from a complex to a
simple form of human culture. Biological refers to
the changes, modifications, and variations in the
genetics and inherited traits of biological
population from one generation to another.
a. The first statement is true; the second statement is
false
b. The first statement is false; the second statement is
true
c. Both statements are true
d. Both statements are false
15) The Duterte administration plans on
rehabilitating Manila Bay by putting synthetic
sand on it but other Filipinos particularly activists
do not agree on the plan because for them, the
sand is unhealthy to the people. As a citizen of the
Philippines, to whom will you give your support
and why?
a. I will support the plan of President Duterte since
rehabilitating means cleaning the Manila Bay.
b. I will support the clamor of the activists because the
sand contains a chemical that is bad for our health.
c. I will support no one since I do not live in Manila.
d. I did not vote for anyone, so I stand alone.
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 What’s In (BalikanSublian Tayo)

Good day everyone, this part of the module serves as a review

of the past lesson that connects to the new lesson that will be
conferred as we go on to the discussion.
Culture, according to B. Malinowski, is a handiwork of man
and the medium through which he achieves his ends or ,some by
author, it is the way of life since it constitutes the tradition and
lifestyle of the people living in a community. Culture has three
characteristics namely: super-organic in which culture is seen as
something superior to nature because nature serves as the
ingredient to any cultural productions; integrated where in its
various parts are integrated with each other and any new element
which is introduced is also integrated; pervasive since it touches
every aspect of life and is manifested in two ways: (1) culture
provides an unquestioned context within which individual action
and response take place: (2) culture pervades social activities and
institutions.
But how was culture developed? When was culture became
part of a society? Is culture be transformed from simple to complex
form? Or is it evolving? And how it evolves? These questions will
be answered in this lesson.

Whats New (Tuklasin/Adalek)

Photo Analysis
Analyse the photo and answer the questions that follow:
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 https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/human-evolution.html

Question Answer
1. What do you
see in the
picture?
2. What is
happening in
the photo?
3. What questions
does this
photograph
form in your
mind?
4. What theory
could possibly
explain the
picture?
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 What is It/ Suriin (Ania Kadi Daytoy)

This part of the module discusses about biological and cultural

evolution. Is there really an evolution or just theories of scientists?
We will be also tackling about how societies started and where
civilizations sprouted from.

BIOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL EVOLUTION

Biological and Cultural Evolution

 biological evolution refers to the changes, modifications, and
variations in the genetics and inherited traits of biological
populations from one generation to another while cultural
evolution refers to the changes or development in cultures
from a simple form to a more complex form of human culture

Guide Question
What is Charles Darwin’s view on evolution?

Charles Darwin was a British naturalist who proposed the

theory of biological evolution by natural selection; natural selection
causes populations to become adapted, or increasingly well-
suited, to their environments over time. Natural selection depends
on the environment and requires existing heritable variation in a
group

Hominid
 general term used by scientists to categorize the group
of early humans and other humanlike creatures that can
walk erect during the prehistoric times

Four Categories of Hominid Characteristics

Sahelanthropus  it had both apelike and
Tshcadensis humanlike characteristics
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  the first hominid
excavated in the African
continent 6-7 million
years ago
 brain size of about 320-
380 cubic centimeters
Ardipithecus Family
 had two species namely
the Ardipithecus kadabba
(5.6 million years ago)
and the Ardipithecus
ramidus (4.4 million years
ago)
Australopithecus or
Southern Ape
 lived in the African jungle
from 5 million to 1 million
years ago
Homo
Homo Habilis (Handy Man)
 it was believed as the
direct ancestor of the
modern human because
of its ability to produce
tools
Homo Erectus (Upright Man)
 was estimated to have
lived from 1.8 million to
300,000 years ago; the
first Homo to leave Africa
and travel to other
continents; first Homo
species to use fire and
live in caves and small
houses made of branches
Homo Sapiens (Thinking
Man)
 had the ability to walk
upright
 height about 4 feet
 weight of about 120
pounds
 skull size similar to an
ape
 small brain
 biped (walked on two legs
or feet)
 tool users only and not
tool makers
 used sticks and stones
for digging
 lived in small social
groups
Characteristics
 made tools called
Oldowan (name came
from the place where they
were found-in Olduvai
Gorge, Tanzania) which
were used as cutting
tools and made from
volcanic stones
 brain size of 1,000 cubic
centimeters
 more intelligent and more
adaptable compared to
Homo habilis; considered
as skill hunters because
of their ability to make
complicated tools
 physical anatomy is very
similar to the modern
9
human beings
Page
  the last genus in the  food gatherers and animal
evolution ladder of the hunters
Homo family  used fire and crafted
metals
Did You Know?

The 3.2 million-years old Australopithecus afarensis fossil

named “Lucy” was considered as one of modern human’s
earliest ancestors and remains as the most famous hominid
fossil discovered. Lucy was discovered in Hadar, Ethiopia by
paleaonthroopoligst Dr. Donald Johanson.

SOCIOCULTURAL AND POLITICAL EVOLUTION:

THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETIES

Hunting and Gathering Societies

 the oldest and most basic way of economic subsistence;
produce simple forms of tools used to hunt for animals
and gather plants and vegetation for food
Horticultural Societies
 they are described as semisedentary societies because
they do not frequently move as opposed to hunting and
gathering societies; subsist through small-scale farming
and they produce and use simple forms of hand tools to
plants crops
Pastoral Societies
 the principal means of subsistence is animal
domestication; developed in dry regions of the world
where raising crops was not possible; also engaged in
small-scale trading with other groups; described as
semisedentary as well
Agricultural Societies
 humans began to farm and domesticate animals as their
form of subsistence; people produced cultivation tools
and developed farming skills that can support and
10

sustain a town with a population of over a thousand

Page

people
Neolithic Revolution
 development of agriculture also led to an increase of
social inequality because most people acted as serfs and
slaves while a few members became elites and acted as
owners of lands and other sources
Industrial Societies
 new sources of energy were harnessed, advanced form
of technology were applied, and machineries were
invented; these changes led to the transformation of an
agricultural society into a production-and manufacturing-
based one; during this time, people left their farm lands
and transferred to the urban areas to work in factories
Post-Industrial Societies
 development of information technology and computers;
economic production focused on the use and application
of new information technology rather than factories
(Macionis, 2002, p. 46); transfer of labour workforce from
manufacturing to service

DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY CIVILIZATION

Four Major Civilizations

1. Sumerian civilization
 developed along the Tigris and Euphrates River in West
Asia
2. Indus Valley civilization
 started along the Indus River Valley in India
3. Shang civilization of China
 developed near Huang Ho/Huang He River
4. Egyptian civilization
 started along the Nile river
The table below presents the different political systems of the four
major cradles of civilization. Note that each civilization had a
different set of social classes and political leaders.
Social and Political Systems of the Sumerian, Egyptian,
Indus Valley, and Shang Civilizations
Social Sumer Egypt Indus Valley Shang
Class
11

Political Priests and Pharaoh Brahmin King Priest

leader Royalty
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 What’s More (Pagyamanin/Ania Pay)

General Direction: This part of the module will test your

knowledge as well as your understanding
about the topic. Each activity will be answered
in a separate sheet. Before answering, read
and carefully follow all instructions.
Activity 1: Find the six kinds of societies. The words have been
placed horizontally, diagonally, or vertically. When you
locate a word, draw a circle around it.

G H T I D S C V F G B R D I S C O V E
W E R N T Y U I O P A S D F G H J K G
A S D D S D F G H J K L A S D F G N A
P O I U U Y T R E W Q A S D F G I H J
Q W E S R T Y U I O P U Y T R R W E R
A W E T F G B N M C V F A S E D F G H
S P X R C V B G F D H T Y H U O L A O
D A W I Y U G B N H F D T S D F G H R
F S F A T P O L K L W A Q W E R F F T
G T G L I C W E C Q G T T U I R V R I
H O I W Y V V Z A D U H D C S O C F C
J R N A T G B S N N M L U I S A D R U
K A J S R F G A H J K L L G D F Y E L
L L N D E D G T T Y T R F D D W T E T
J P M I G N N I D U T H E C O E D E U
H A F G I H J R R W Q W E Q S E O T R
F S Y T U I Q A T R E W N I D D N T A
D T N A S F L C J K L R B O E R E Y L
W U E R T Y U I O P T Y W E R T W Y T
H H F G S A Z X C B G A V B N M I D S
X C V P O S T I N D U S T R I A L F E
12
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Assessment 1: In this activity, the learners define, on their own
words, the hidden words from activity 1 in one to
two sentences.

Hunting and
Gathering
Society

Horticultural
Society

Pastoral
Society

Agricultural
Society

Industrial
Society

Post-Industrial
13

Society
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Activity 2: In this activity, the learners cite the biological
characteristics and cultural adaptation of the
selected hominids necessary in the evolution
process. Put your answers in the table provided
below.

Significant
Cultural Means of
Hominid Biological
Adaptation
Characteristics

Ardipithecus

Australopithecus

Sahelanthropus

Homo Erectus

Homo Habilis

Homo Sapiens

Assessment 2: Answer the following questions. Limit your answers

in two to three sentences.
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1. The world is undergoing climate change and global
warming and these phenomena will be experienced by
humans all through out. To lessen the effect of these
phenomena, to what cultural adaptation should humanity
adhere into? Defend your claim.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
________________________.
2. What factor do you think drives humanity to change their
way of life?
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
_________________________.

Activity 3: Assume that you are an archaeologist or a scientist, what

fossil or artifact would you consider excavating? Draw
and name the artifact/fossil.

15
Page
Assessment 3: Write a short essay explaining why you chose
the artifact or fossil. Put some details about the
artifact or fossil such as characteristics, where
and when it was excavated.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________.

What I Have Learned (Isaisip/Ania Ti Naadal Ko)

Direction: Please put a checkmark (√) on Column B if you

agree with the statement on Column A, otherwise,
put a cross mark (×) if you disagree.

Column
Column A (Statements)
B
Biological evolution refers to the changes,
modifications, and variations in the genetics and
inherited traits of biological populations from one
generation to another.
Eugene Dubois hypothesized that the evolution of
species happens through the process of natural
16

selection.
Page
Hominid is the general term used by scientists to
categorize the group of early humans and other
humanlike creatures that can walk erect during the
prehistoric times.
Biological evolution refers to the changes or
development of cultures from a simple form to a
complex form.
Historians study the ancient and recent past of humans
and conduct excavations to search for fossils and
artifacts that can provide information about the origins
of humans.
According to fossil evidences, the Homo species first
lives in Africa about 2.4 million years ago. The species
included the Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and the
Homo sapiens.
Agriculture is the oldest and most basic way of
economic subsistence.
During the Industrial Revolution, new sources of energy
were harnessed, advanced forms of technology were
applied, and machineries were invented.

What I Can Do (Isagawa/Ania Ti Kabaelak)

Direction: Write a two-stanza poem with four lines about

keeping our front liners to keep moving forward
amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Post the poem
that you have written in the box below using any
social media platforms. Follow the rubric given
below.
17
Page
 Exceptional Good Work Developing Beginning
CATEGORY (4) (3) (2) (1)
Focus on The entire The poem Some of the No attempt
Assigned poem is wanders off poem is has been
Topic related to at one related to made to
the point, but the relate the
assigned the reader assigned poem to the
topic and can still topic, but a assigned
the reader learn reader does topic.
to something not learn
understand about the much about
the topic. topic. the topic.
Creativity The poem The poem The poem There is
contains contains a contains a little
many few creative few creative evidence of
creative details details creativity in
details and/or and/or the poem.
and/or descriptions descriptions, The author
descriptions that but they does not
that contribute distract from seem to
contribute to to the the poem. have used
the reader's reader's The author much
enjoyment. enjoyment. has tried to imagination.
The author The author use his
has really has used imagination.
used his his
imagination. imagination.
Title Title is Title is Title is No title.
creative, related to present but
sparks the poem does not
interest and and topic. appear to
is related to be related to
the poem the poem
and topic. and topic.
18
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 Assessment (Tayahin/Ammo Kon)

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your

answer on the blank provided before each item.

1) Hominid is the general term used by scientists to

categorize the group of early humans. Among the
four categories of hominids, which of these is
considered as the first stage of human evolution?
a. Sahelanthropus c. Australopithecus
b. Homo d. Ardipithecus
2) Of the four categories of Hominid, which of these
has the biological and cultural characteristics of a
modern human?
a. Sahelanthropus c. Australopithecus
b. Homo d. Ardipithecus
3) Analyze carefully the following words written
below. Which of these does not belong to the
group?
a. Homo Habilis c. Ardipithecus
b. Homo Sapiens d. Homo Erectus
4) What society characterizes the transfer of labor
workforce from manufacturing to service?
a. Post-Industrial Societies c. Neolithic
Revolution
b. Pastoral Society d. Industrial
Societies
5) Who said that species are not immutable, but that
those are belonging to what are called genera are
lineal descendants of some other and generally
extinct species, in the same manner as
acknowledged varieties of any one species?
a. Eugene Dubois c. Daniel Bell
19

b. Donald Johanson d. Charles Darwin

Page
6) Which of the following does not characterized the
four major civilizations of the world?
c. advanced technology c. job specialization
d. unsystematic institutions d. developed cities
7) If I have a brain size which is almost 𝟏⁄𝟑 of the size
of the modern human or equivalent to 500 cubic
centimeters (cc), which group of hominids should
I be categorized to?
a. Sahelanthropus c. Ardipithecus
b. Homo d. Australopithecus
8) If biological evolution means the changes in the
genetics and inherited traits of biological
population from one generation to one another,
what is, then, the best definition for cultural
evolution?
a. incorporating other’s culture to one’s culture and
making it as their own
b. it is defined as the transformation of tradition from
simple to more complex one
c. cultural evolution means changes in the lifestyle of
the people living in a society
d. cultural evolution is defined as the changes on how
people behave towards one another
9) The development of the modern human,
according to scientists and archaeologists,
follows an evolutionary ladder, arrange the roman
numerals according to discoveries.
I. Homo II. Sahelanthropus III. Australopithecus IV.
Ardipithecus
a. II, III, IV, I c. III, II, IV, I
b. II, VI, III, I d. I, III, IV, II
10) If you are given the chance to become the
mayor of Tabuk City and the city is disturbed
because of a new virus, will you buy a medicine
worth a million to combat the virus even if the
20

consequence is being summoned by the

Page

ombudsman?
 a. Yes, if this is only the way to save my constituents.
b. No, because there are more important priorities to
attend to.
c. Maybe, because I have the power to spend a
million.
d. None of the above
11) As a member of a society, which of the following
shows how an individual illustrates his or her love
to his culture?
a. using facebook to post features of own’s culture
b. not joining any indigenous activities that promote
traditions and cultures
c. being ethnocentric to other culture
d. learning other’s dialect but not willing to learn own’s
culture
12) Society refers to the interaction of people who
share a culture. Culture is the product of the
interaction of people.
a. The first statement is false; the second statement is
true
b. The first statement is true; the second statement is
false
c. Both statements are false
d. Both statements are true
13) Cultural evolution refers to the changes or
development in cultures from a complex to a
simple form of human culture. Biological refers to
the changes, modifications, and variations in the
genetics and inherited traits of biological
population from one generation to another.
a. The first statement is false; the second statement is
true
b. The first statement is true; the second statement is
false
c. Both statements are false
21

d. Both statements are true

Page
14) You won as the president of the Supreme
Student Government; how will you help the school
to promote Kalinga culture and why?
a. I will be sponsoring a pageant because this is when
students become active in which indigenous
clothes will be worn
b. I will invite resource speakers to conduct seminars
because talks will enlighten students about their
own culture
c. I will build a museum full of Kalinga accessories
because visibility will help students to acquire
knowledge about Kalinga culture
d. I will call the secretary of the DepEd to include
contextualized books based on locality because
books give more information about traditions
15) The Duterte administration plans on building
infrastructures such as subways and other
railway stations to lessen heavy traffic particularly
in Manila but millions of pesos will be spent for it.
As a concerned citizen, what would be your
attitude towards the government’s action of
spending millions of pesos to it?
a. If lessening heavy traffic is the key concern of the
project, I will not go against it
b. There are more issues need to be attended to
where millions of pesos are needed, so I am against
it
c. I live here in Kalinga, so whatever the government
do about the money is not my concern
d. It is better if the budget will be used in constructing
health facilities to combat COVID-19
22
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 Additional Activities (Karagdagang
Gawain/Nayonak Pay)

Analyze key concepts and important features of biological, cultural,

and socio-political evolution of modern humans. Which of these
concepts and features can still be used and developed in this
contemporary time? Answer the question following the rubric
below. Write your answer on the space provided below.

RUBRIC FOR SCORING

Criteria Description Points Points
Obtained
Content The content was well-
thought of; question was 7
thoroughly answered
Organization The paper was well-
written with clear ideas 7
conveyed to readers
Description Points are thoroughly
6
developed
Total 20 23
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