Understanding Culture,

Society, and Politics

Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Becoming a Member of Society
Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics – Grade 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Becoming a Member of Society
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

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Development Team of the Module

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Understanding Culture,
Society, and Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Becoming a Member of Society
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics – Grade 11/12

Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Becoming a Member of Society!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or

facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum

while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also

aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into

consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the

body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this

module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to

manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist

the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:
Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics – Grade 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Becoming a Member of Society!
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies
and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the

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 lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written to help you in defining culture and

society in the perspective of anthropology and sociology.

After finishing this module, you should be able to:

1. explain the context, content, processes, and consequences of socialization

a. explain the development of one’s self and others as a product of

socialization and enculturation (UCSP11/12BMSIg-15)

b. identify the context, content, processes, and consequences of

enculturation and socialization (UCSP11/12BMSIg-16)

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 What I Know

Identify what is described in each item. Choose your answer from the words
given in the box below.

role strain agents of socialization and enculturation

values norms cultural identity
identity formation status socialization
enculturation role national identity

____________________ 1. A social experience by which people interact with one another

to learn culture, acquire their identities, and develop skills for a survival.

____________________ 2. A process where one member of the society has to get familiar
with one specific culture.

____________________ 3. Consists of people, groups, institutions, and organization

that may teach an individual on how the will participate and behave in the society.

____________________ 4. It is the development of an individual’s distinct personality.

____________________ 5. It reflects on how the individuals think about their own group
and one’s feeling of identity or affiliation within a group

____________________ 6. Acceptable behavior that guides the members of a society or

group.

____________________ 7. Shared ideas, norms, and principles where people use to

define standards of what is right or wrong.

____________________ 8. Describes the position a person occupies in a particular

setting.

____________________ 9. The set of norms, values, behaviors and personality

characteristics attached to a status.

____________________ 10. Having a conflict among the roles connected to two or more
statuses.

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 Lesson
Socialization and
1 Enculturation
How an individual member of the society learn about culture is a social
process. Membership to the society is not like a membership in an organization where
you need to file for it. In becoming a member of the society, it requires an individual
to do a total commitment to the roles that will define an individual’s identity.

Since the membership is a process, being a member of a society will not only
take place during the early years of our life. It is a lifetime responsibility and an
unwritten pledge of every member.

Society is a group of people sharing a common culture. It will not be called as

a group if there are no members. In this lesson, you can see how the society you are
in has contributed in your growth and development as it gives you control,
deviations, and social functions.

What’s In

Let us define the interpretive, critical, and structural dynamics of the social
through the figure below as presented by Contreras, A. P., et.al. (2016).

Conformity

Identity Ethnocentrism

SOCIALIZATION

Social Control Norms and Values

Deviance

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 Notes to the Teacher
This module prepares the learner in defining and explaining
culture and society in the perspective of anthropology and
sociology.

What’s New

List down five values you have learned within your family. In what ways do
these values affect your lifestyle and choices as a teenager?

VALUES YOU HAVE LEARNED EFFECT IN YOUR LIFESTYLE

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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 What is It

Socialization and Enculturation

Socialization is a lifelong social experience by which people interact with one

another to learn culture, acquire their identities, and develop skills for a survival in
the society. It is a general process that takes place in specific contexts. Through this,
the members of the society is being prepared to hold different values, beliefs, norms,
culture, and tradition. Practices of socialization are those which involves activities
where people will behave the way they do.

Enculturation is a process where one member of the society has to get

familiar with one specific culture. This requires people to learn the culture, values,
and behavior of what is around them. This gives limit, control, and directives to an
individual in the way of how he/she should act.

Photo by Louigie Kyle G. Estanislao Photo by Romeo Ranoco/Reuters

Education and religion are significant tools of socialization and

enculturation.

Agents of Socialization and Enculturation

The participants and agents of socialization and enculturation are groups of

people who interact with each other throughout their lives. It consists of people,
groups, institutions, and organization that may teach an individual on how the will
participate and behave in the society.

Family or the basic unit of the society. From infancy up to the present age of
an individual, parents and other family members have an influence to the growth
and development of a person.

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 Schools that nurture the academic and social activities of an individual. This
agent is one of the sources of acquired behavior, knowledge, beliefs, values,
character, and attitude.

Peer groups who reinforce the acceptable behavior of an individual. Examples

of these are barkada and organizations. Peer groups are the people who share the
same interest which is formed in informal, forma, spontaneous, and even in a
voluntary way.

Mass media includes books, magazines, newspapers, television, radio, social

media, and movies. This is a powerful agent because the chosen media of an
individual may speak about his/her choices, character, and behavior.

Religion is also considered as an agent of socialization and enculturation

because it molds and educate an individual about his/her spiritual life. Religion has
a great influence on the views and principles of a person.

State is the maker and enforcer of the law where members of it should abide
and obey to the regulations being reinforced. The state controls how a person behave
in a certain community.

Identity Formation

Identity formation is the development of an individual’s distinct personality,

which is regarded as a persisting entity in a particular stage of life by which a person
is recognized or known (Contreras, et. al, 2016). This defines an individual’s identity
to self and to others. Each member of the society has its own uniqueness from the
others where he/she builds it through a process and continuity.

Social identity wheel

illustrates the various
factors that affects the
identity of an individual.

Illustration by UW-La Crosse Campus

Climate

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 Cultural identity reflects how the individuals think about their own group
and one’s feeling of identity or affiliation within a group. Likewise, ethnic identity
usually shows the presumed common genealogy or ancestry of an individual.
Moreover, national identity is a concept where an individual identifies himself as a
member of a certain nation. Lastly, religious identity where set of beliefs and
practices are held for an individual to study about faith and spiritual experiences.

There may be several identities that can be seen in an individual but there is
always a dominant identity that manifests within himself. This is called as master
identity. It came from a common good and practices among the different identities
where it coordinates power to the identity individual.

The cultural iceberg

is the usual
illustration of an
individual’s
identity.

Illustration lifted from

Brent Downe’s blog.

Norms and Values

Norm is the acceptable behavior that guides the members of a society or

group. In sociology, norms are forced that may exert good or bad result. Normal
refers to that which follows to norms, it is an act of abiding with norms. Normative,
is a belief that are expressed as value judgment, it refers to what we identify as
normal, regardless of whatever it is.

One example of norm is dressing appropriately according to the environment

you are in because it shows respect. Understanding norms is like studying the simple
rules of what we should or should not do. Socialization is guided by norms because

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it was taught to us by our family, persons in authority, law, popular culture, and
even in school. We learn them through observing the people around us. Most likely,
we cannot really see the process of learning norms visibly with our eyes. We usually
abide them because we know that they exist in our society. Norms govern our
behavior subconsciously.

On the other hand, there are norms that lead into social problems. There are
norms which are acceptable for many centuries until certain groups break it by
considering a “new acceptable” norm. For instance, heterosexuality has been
considered both norm and normative for the members of the society and it was still
believed as true until today. The belief cause troubling consequences as LGBTQA+
people labeled homosexuality as an acceptable norm in today’s generation. Those
who subscribe to this norm face various restrictions from different agents of
socialization and enculturation and other factors which includes discrimination,
being classified as psychologically ill, and unequal access to rights.

LGBTQA+
communities organize
parades and events to
celebrate “Pride
Month” every month
of June since 2014.

Photo by iStock/Circle Creative Studio

Generally speaking, norms are rules of behavior that are part of the ideology
and belief of a certain group in the society. It reflects the values of the group where
they conclude a certain behavior as acceptable or not. The American Social Scientist
William Graham Sumner devised the two terms in categorizing norms: (1) mores
which refer to norms with moral connotations; and (2) folkways which refers to
norms for routine and casual interaction which may be violated without serious
consequences. In the Philippine setting, mores and folkways are intriguing ideas
because our country is rich with cultural traits that are guided by mores and some
are from folkways.

In addition, values are shared ideas, norms, and principles where people use
to define standards of what is right or wrong. There are four aspects of the
sociologically concept of values according to Contreras, et.al (2016): (1) values exist
at different levels of generality or abstraction; (2) values tend to be hierarchically
arranged; (3) values are explicit and implicit in varying degrees; and (4) values often
are in conflict with one another.

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 We learn values from the agents of socialization and enculturation and we
acquire it because we believe that it is a certain truth. Filipinos for instance are
believing in lots of values like having close family ties, being hospitable to visitors,
put the elders' hands on our foreheads to show respect, resiliency in calamities,
having the longest celebration of Christmas season, etc.

Photo by Dinalupihan Tubig Festival Facebook Page

Filipinos also love to hold celebrations and fiestas are part of the
traditional values and culture.

Status and Roles

According to sociologists, status describes the position a person occupies in

a particular setting while role is the set of norms, values, behaviors and personality
characteristics attached to a status.

EXAMPLE OF SOCIAL STATUS SOCIAL ROLES SET

political leaders govern the people in the society

students learn new knowledge

teachers facilitate students’ learning

guide their members in deepening their
religious leaders
spiritual life
policemen law enforcers

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 Max Weber defined the concept of status as the esteem or “social honor” given
to a certain individual or groups. Status and roles gives an individual a certain task
or responsibility that one should do as a member of the society. A person’s status
can be either ascribed or achieved. For example, political leaders in the Philippines
are elected by the people so the status is achieved. Meanwhile, being a son or a
daughter, gender, a wife or a husband are examples of status which is ascribed.

Ascribed status is a social position typically given at birth and take on

involuntarily. Achieved status refers to social position earned through hard work or
achievement.

A person who holds a status performs a role and since an individual holds
many statuses, we also perform multiple roles set before us. Sociologists said that
people may experience role strain or having a conflict among the roles connected to
two or more statuses because there is a competing demands of two or more roles
that require our time and effort. The figure below shows how role strain and role
conflict can happen to an individual:

Illustration lifted from Google Sites

However, the concept of role in symbolic interactionism theory views

individual and group behavior and social interactions as defining features of society
where it affects the roles of a certain individual. George Herbert Mead (1863-1931),
the proponent of this theory, hypothesized role as not ascribed or prescribed but it
is something that is constantly negotiated between individuals in a various ways.

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 What’s More

Complete the graphic organizer below by filling in the needed information in

the appropriate spaces. Think of something that is related to the Philippine or Asian
setting.

Terms Definition Example

Cultural identity

National identity

Religious Identity

Ethnic identity

Norms

Values

Status

Roles

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 What I Have Learned

Let us identify what you have learned from the lesson by filling in the blanks
with the correct words or phrases.

(1) ____________________ is a need for a survival in the society while (2)

____________________ requires people to learn the culture, values, and behavior of
what is around them. There agents and participants in this processes namely: (3)
____________________, the basic unit of the society; (4) ____________________ that
nurtures the academic and social activities of an individual; (5) ____________________
who reinforce the acceptable behavior of an individual; (6) ____________________ which
is a powerful agent because it is the person who chooses it; (7) ____________________
which has great influence on the views and principles of a person; and (8) the
____________________ which controls how a person behave in a certain community.

(9) ____________________ defined an individual’s identity to self and to others

because each member of the society has its own uniqueness from the others. On the
other hand, (10) ____________________ forced that may exert good or bad result.
Understanding this is like studying the simple rules of what we should or should not
do. William Graham Sumner categorized it into two: (11) ____________________ and
(12) ____________________.

We learn this from the agents of socialization and enculturation and we

acquire it because we believe that it is a certain truth. (13) ____________________ are
defined as standards of what is right or wrong. In fact, we have lots of these in the
Philippines which made us distinct to other nations.

Lastly, Max Weber defined the concept of status as the esteem or “social
honor” given to a certain individual or groups where status and roles gives an
individual a certain task or responsibility that one should do as a member of the
society. A person’s status can be either (14) ____________________, a social position
typically given at birth and take on involuntarily or (15) ____________________, a social
position earned through hard work or achievement.

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 What I Can Do

Complete the diagram by identifying your specific status and roles.

My Status Set

Topic

My Roles Set

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 Assessment

TRUE OR FALSE. Assess whether the statements in the column A are correct
or not. In the column B, write C if the statement is correct and I if the statement is
incorrect.

A B
1. Practices of socialization are those which involves activities where
people will behave the way they do.
2. Enculturation gives limit to an individual in the way of how he/she
should act and behave.
3. Socialization is a process that takes place only during the later years
of our life as a member of the society.
4. The agents of socialization and enculturation do not affect the
participation and behavior of an individual in the society.
5. An individual’s identity formation may define who he is to himself and
to other people.
6. The genealogy of Jesus Christ narrated in New Testament is the
lineage of His ethnic identity.
7. Identifying ourselves as a Filipino citizen is an example of cultural
identity.
8. Religion is the set of beliefs and practices about faith and spiritual
experiences.
9. People have several identities but there is only one identity that
manifests within himself which is called as master identity.
10. Socialization is guided by norms because we commonly learn them
through observing the behavior of the people around us.
11. There are norms that can into serious social problems because there
are people who believed that it cannot be changed.
12. Norms, mores, and folkways can give all the people an equal access
to rights.
13. Values are explicit and implicit in varying degrees and often are in
conflict with one another.
14. The concept of status as the esteem or “social honor” given to a
certain individual or groups.
15. Symbolic interactionism theory defines features of society as an
effect to the roles of a certain individual.

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 Additional Activities

There is a list of agents of socialization and enculturation. Using the table

below, arrange the most important to the least important agents in your life. In the
second column, write an example of influence that it gave you.

Agents of socialization and enculturation: family, school, religion, state, mass media,
peer groups

AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION AND

EXAMPLE OF INFLUENCE
ENCULTURATION

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What I Have Learned Assessment
1. SOCIALIZATION 1. C 6. C 11. C
2. ENCULTURATION 2. C 7. I 12. I
3. FAMILY 3. I 8. I 13. C
4. SCHOOL/S 4. I 9. I 14. C
5. PEER GROUP/S 5. C 10. C 15. I
6. MASS MEDIA
7. RELIGION Additional Activities What I Know
8. STATE For acceptable answers, 1. SOCIALIZATION
9. IDENTITY FORMATION please refer to the
2. ENCULTURATION
discussion on pages 8 to 9.
10. NORM/S 3. AGENTS OF
SOCIALIZATION AND
11. MORES
ENCULTURATION
What I Can Do
12. FOLKWAYS
4. IDENTITY FORMATION
For acceptable answers,
13. VALUES please refer to the given 5. CULTURAL IDENTITY
14. ROLE/S examples on page 12.
6. NORMS
15. STATUS
7. VALUES
What’s More
8. STATUS
For acceptable answers,
9. ROLE
please refer to the
discussion on pages 10 to 10. ROLE STRAIN
13.
Answer Key
References
Atienza, Maria Ela., Lusterio-Rico, Ruth, Arugay, Aries, Encinas-Franco, Jean,
Quilala, Dennis. 2016. Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics for Senior
High School. Quezon City, Philippines: C & E Publishing, Inc.
Contreras, Antonio P., Dela Cruz, Arleigh Ross D., Erasga, Dennis S., Fadrigon,
Cecille C. 2016. Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics. Quezon City,
Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Downes, Brent. 2019. To hell with your culture iceberg | Meditations on Intercultural
Leadership. October 20. Accessed July 1, 2020. To hell with your culture
iceberg | Meditations on Intercultural Leadership.
Google Sites. n.d. Mr. Moore's Sociology. Accessed July 1, 2020.
https://sites.google.com/site/mrmooressociology/pictures/social-structure-
groups.
Lanuza, Gerry M. and Raymundo, Sarah S. 2016. Understanding Culture, Society,
and Politics First Edition. Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store, Inc.
Lasco, Gideon. 2017. Inside the Philippines’ long journey towards reproductive health.
Edited by Misha Ketchell. May 9. Accessed July 1, 2020.
https://theconversation.com/inside-the-philippines-long-journey-towards-
reproductive-health-72737.
Sparknotes. n.d. Society and Culture. Accessed July 1, 2020.
https://www.sparknotes.com/sociology/society-and-culture/section4.
Triandis, Harry C. 1998. "Comprehensive Clinical Psychology." Science Direct 10: 1-
33. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/B0080-4270(73)00103-6.
UW-La Crosse Campus Climate. n.d. Social Identity Wheel activity for class,
programs, training, etc.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph

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