Understanding Culture,

Society, and Politics

Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Forms and Functions of
Social Organizations (Part I)
Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics – Grade 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 5: Lesson 1 Forms and Functions of Social Organizations (Part I)
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Samantha F. Batalla

Editor: Roma G. Pigtain
Reviewer: Joan Duenas
Illustrator: Samantha F. Batalla
Layout Artist: Samantha F. Batalla
Cover Design: LRMDS-Bataan

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Understanding Culture,
Society, and Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Forms and Functions of
Social Organizations (Part I)
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics – Grade 11/12

Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Forms and Functions of Social

Organizations!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or

facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum

while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also

aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into

consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the

body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this

module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to

manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist

the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics – Grade 11/12

Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Forms and Functions of Social
Organizations!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies
and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

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 What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written to help you in defining culture and

society in the perspective of anthropology and sociology.

After finishing this module, you should be able to:

1. analyze the forms and functions of social organizations

a. traces kinship ties and social networks (UCSP11/12HSOIIi-20)

b. describe the organized nature of social life and rules governing behavior

(UCSP11/12HSOIIi-21)

c. compare different social forms of social organization according to their

manifest and latent functions (UCSP11/12HSOIIj-22)

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 What I Know

From the words listed in the box below, fill in the boxes from the words below.

Haribon Foundation Deparment Of Education

Liberal Party Bencab Museum
Barkada Student Council
Peta Prayer Group
English Club Paws
Anakbayan Inter-Agency Task Force
Gabriela Girls’ Scout
Cultural Center Of The Philippines

CULTURAL POLITICAL
SOCIAL GROUPS
INSTITUTIONS ORGANIZATIONS

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 Lesson

1 Social Groups

In the society where we live, there are different social groups and they organize
the social life of every individual. Each member of the society has their own given
social space to consume. A person may find his own personal identity when they
discover what it means to be in a social group.

Technically speaking, social groups are not made physically by the people who
belong to it. Sociology defines it as a simple collection of people who happened to be
together in a particular place because of their same interest and common
characteristics. You see yourself with others who has the same interests as yours.

Relationships within social groups begin when its members start to have a
communication and interaction. Working together in a social group is a necessity to
achieve the common set of goals and mutual impact of the group.

What’s In

In the previous lesson, we have learned what is to become a member of the

society. The development of one’s self and others as a product of socialization and
enculturation. In this lesson, we will identify the different social groups and how it
organized the society,

Let us study the figure below as presented by Contreras, A. P., et.al. (2016) on
how social groups can be formed from social aggregates and social categories.

Social aggregates

Social groups

Social categories

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 Notes to the Teacher
This module prepares the learner in identifying groups within
society and their functions.

What’s New

Fill in the blanks on the first column with information about yourself. On
the second column, think of another person who share the same characteristics
with you. Follow the given example below.

PERSON I KNOW WITH

CHARACTERISTICS MY ANSWER THE SAME
CHARACTERISTICS

Home province Bataan Anna, my best friend

Birth month

Favorite food

Favorite artist

Favorite movie

Talent / skills

Best interest

Hobby

Dream job

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 What is It

Social groups

A group is a collection of individuals but its members may differ in terms of

what binds these individuals together. Groups are smaller units that organized the
members of the society into categories.

Social group can be defined as a collection of people who regularly interact

with one another on the basis of shared expectations concerning behavior who share
a sense of common identity (Contreras, A. P., et.al. (2016). Social groups were
classified into different categories according to its set of standards: (1) primary
groups; (2) secondary group; and (3) reference group.

1. Primary group is a small and intimate social group whose members share
emotion-based, close, and personal interactions. This group is commonly long-
lasting and the interdependence among its members is endured by profound
relationships, shared activities, strong personal identity, and concern for one
another.

Primary groups include family and friends.

Photos by Samantha F. Batalla

2. Secondary group can be a small but larger than primary groups. This
group has more specialized terms of membership with mostly impersonal, short-
term, and objective-oriented for a certain period of time. In contrast with the primary
group, interdependence in secondary group is usually not deep and no intimate
interaction among the members.

Examples of secondary groups are typically found at work and school. Mutual
benefit among the members is the driving force of these groups to cooperate with
each other. There is no emotional affinity but there is immediate objective to achieve.

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Secondary groups include workmates, classmates, and workplace committees.
Photos by Samantha F. Batalla

Comparison of Primary and Secondary Groups according to Contreras, A.P., et.al.

(2016)

Basic Features (in terms of level

of intimacy, duration of
Group Examples
interaction, and reason for
interaction)
Small; characterized by long-lasting
intimate relationship which binds family, childhood
Primary
the members together more than friends, best friends
the goal
Can be large or small; common
project group,
interests bind the members
Secondary research group,
together more than their
working committee
relationship

3. Reference group is a group where an individual compare himself or herself

which can create an impact to one’s standard of attitude and behavior. Reference
groups are used to guide its member into a specific social attitude and social norms.
These groups are commonly knowns as identity association group because these are
created by a person’s desire and choice to provide a character connection.

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 The reference group is considered as a source of role models since the
individual uses it as a standard for self-assessment (Atienza, M.E., et. al, 2016). This
can also serve as an agent of socialization and enculturation because it falls to the
category of peer groups and they can be peer pressure in becoming a member of
reference groups.

Reference groups include interest clubs, dance groups, or sports teams.

Photos by Samantha F. Batalla

Reference groups as Identity Groups according to Contreras, A.P., et.al. (2016)

Type of reference Basic Features (in terms feeling

Examples
group and belongingness)
church groups,
Social groups to which and
interest clubs,
individual feels he or she belongs.
In-group neighbors,
One feels loyalty and aspect for
schoolmates,
these groups.
fraternity, sorority
Social groups that an individual sports team
does not identify with. One feels opponent, fans of the
Out-group
antagonism and competitiveness for rival team, cliques at
these groups. school, rival gangs

Networks

The behavior of primary, secondary, or reference groups doesn’t mean that

they are only limited in terms of membership requirements. An individual often had
a complex membership with different social groups and sometimes there is variation
in terms of interaction and relationship.

Networks refers to the set of linkages, ties, and interconnections among or

between the members of the different social groups. This can be created formally or
informally. With the presence of networks, the connections of a certain social group
is widened when it comes to specific personal, economic, religious, or political
reasons and concerns.

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 What’s More

Write the words below under their appropriate categories.

Events Management Team Tropa

Professional Relationships Relatives
High School Barkada Employees in a Corporation
Music Society Competitors
Cousins Life Group
School Elites Student Government
Report Group in Ucsp Stockholders
Circle of Friends

PRIMARY GROUP SECONDARY GROUP REFERENCE GROUP

What I Have Learned

Let us identify what you have learned from the lesson by filling in the blanks
with the correct words or phrases.

(1) ____________________ are smaller units that organized the members of the
society into categories. Social group can be defined as a collection of (2)
____________________ who regularly interact with one another on the basis of shared
expectations concerning behavior who share a sense of common identity. It is
classified into different categories.

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 (3) ____________________ is characterized by (4) ____________________ intimate
relationship which binds the members together more than the goal. In contrast with
that, (5) ____________________ can be large or small and the common interests bind
the members together more than their relationship. Examples of these groups are
typically found at work and (6) ____________________.

(7) ____________________ is a social group where we compare ourselves. This

group is considered as a source of role models since the individual uses it as a
standard for (8) ____________________. It is also known as (9) ____________________
because these are created by a person’s desire and choice. This can also serve as an
agent of socialization and enculturation because it falls to the category of (10)
____________________. There are two categories of this group’s identity: (11)
____________________ where one may feel the sense of competitiveness and hostility
and (12) ____________________ where one feels a sense of identity and belongingness.

The behavior of the different social group categories doesn’t mean that they
are only limited in terms of (13) ____________________ requirements because one
person often had a (14) ____________________ membership with different groups where
it can be created formally or informally through (15) ____________________.

What I Can Do

From the many groups that you have had, past or present, choose one that
you think you had the most lasting impacts. Describe the group in the first column
and list down five impacts it had you as a person on the second column.

NAME OF THE GROUP ITS LASTING IMPACTS ON YOU AS A PERSON

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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 Assessment

Write YES if you agree with the statement and NO if you don’t. Use the space provided
for your answers.

_______________ 1. Social groups often have its own terms of what binds the member
together.
_______________ 2. Groups are larger units that formed, shaped, and organized the
society.
_______________ 3. The basis of social groups are the shared expectations concerning
behavior who share a sense of common identity.
_______________ 4. Shared activities, strong personal identity, and profound
relationships are the keys to bind the members of the primary group.
_______________ 5. Primary group is larger than secondary group.
_______________ 6. Secondary group is objective-oriented for a long period of time.
_______________ 7. Mutual benefit and the immediate objective to achieve are the
driving force of secondary groups to cooperate with each other.
_______________ 8. We commonly see reference groups in corporations, professional
gatherings, and religious organizations.
_______________ 9. Reference groups are used to guide its member into a specific
social attitude and norms while primary and secondary groups are used to form the
membership of an individual in the society.
_______________ 10. Reference group is the standard for assessing the individual’s
choice of primary and secondary group.
_______________ 11. There may have peer pressure in joining social groups.
_______________ 12. Socialization and enculturation don’t have any role in how the
society is organized in groups.
_______________ 13. There is a feeling of loyalty and belongingness with in-groups.
_______________ 14. Rivalries are often see with out-groups.
_______________ 15. Extending linkages can be done through different networks.

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 Additional Activities

Enumerate five reasons why you consider a person as part of your social
group/s.

1. _______________________________________________________________________

2. _______________________________________________________________________

3. _______________________________________________________________________

4. _______________________________________________________________________

5. _______________________________________________________________________

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 15
Assessment
1. YES 6. NO 11. YES
2. NO 7. YES 12. NO
3. YES 8. NO 13. YES
4. YES 9. NO 14. YES
5. NO 10. NO 15. YES
What I Have Learned What’s More What I Know
1. GROUP/S Primary Groups Social Groups
2. SOCIAL GROUP/S HIGH SCHOOL BARKADA BARKADA
3. PRIMARY GROUP/S COUSINS PRAYER GROUP
4. LONG-LASTING RELATIVES ENGLISH CLUB
5. SECONDARY GROUP/S TROPA STUDENT COUNCIL
6. SCHOOL CIRCLE OF FRIENDS GIRLS SCOUT
7. REFERENCE GROUP/S
8. SELF-ASSESSMENT Secondary Groups Cultural Institution
9. IDENTITY ASSOCIATION EVENTS MANAGEMENT HARIBON FOUNDATION
GROUP TEAM
PETA
10. PEER GROUP/S PROFESSIONAL
RELATIONSHIPS CULTURAL CENTER OF
11. OUT-GROUP/S THE PHILIPPINES
REPORT GROUP IN UCSP
12. IN-GROUP/S BENCAB MUSEUM
EMPLOYEES IN
13. MEMBERSHIP CORPORATION PAWS
14. COMPLEX STOCKHOLDERS
15. NETWORK/S Political Institution
Reference Groups LIBERAL PARTY
STUDENT GOVERNMENT ANAKBAYAN
SCHOOL ELITES GABRIELA
COMPETITORS DEPARTMENT OF
EDUCATION
YOUTH LIFE GROUP
INTER-AGENCY TASK
MUSIC SOCIETY FORCE
Answer Key
References
Atienza, Maria Ela., Lusterio-Rico, Ruth, Arugay, Aries, Encinas-Franco, Jean,
Quilala, Dennis. 2016. Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics for Senior
High School. Quezon City, Philippines: C & E Publishing, Inc.
Contreras, Antonio P., Dela Cruz, Arleigh Ross D., Erasga, Dennis S., Fadrigon,
Cecille C. 2016. Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics. Quezon City,
Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Lanuza, Gerry M. and Raymundo, Sarah S. 2016. Understanding Culture, Society,
and Politics First Edition. Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store, Inc.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph

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