SAINT CATHERINE OF SIENA ACADEMY OF SAMAL, INC.

Origin, The Rise and Fall Circumstances of Saint Catherine of Siena Academy
of Samal, Inc. that Led to An Impact on Molding the Present Philosophy and
Core Values of The Students

A Research Presented to
The Faculty of Senior High Department in
Saint Catherine of Siena Academy of
Samal, Inc.
Province of Samal, Bataan

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements For the subject of
Inquiries, Investigations
and Immersions

HUMSS 12- VIRGEN DEL PILAR;

DE SILVA, Elijer Dale R.
GOYAL, Gia Mae L.
MAYOYO, Ruselle Gail K.

March 2020

i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 First and foremost, the researchers would like to thank God Almighty for giving the

strength, knowledge, ability and opportunity to undertake this research study and to

persevere and complete it satisfactorily. Without His blessings, this achievement would

not have been possible.

We would also like to show our gratitude to the defense critiques of this study, for

sharing their pearls of wisdom with us during the course of this research. The researchers

would like to appreciate for the help and support of Ms. Roxanne G. Enriquez, their

adviser for her support and guidance during the entire process of doing the study that

helped the researchers in achieving the main topic of the research.

We are also deeply thankful to the informants. Their names cannot be disclosed, but we

want to acknowledge and appreciate their help and transparency during this research.

Their information has helped to complete this research.

And finally, thanks to the researchers’ family and friends who encouraged and prayed

throughout the time of this research

ii
DEDICATION
 We dedicate our research to our beloved parents, family and important friends

A special feeling to our research adviser and all teachers, for the words of encouragement
and push for tenacity ring in my ears.

Our siblings that never left our side and who are so special in our hearts.

We also dedicate this research to our source of faith who have supported us throughout
the process.

For all the individuals that have been transformed by SCSA

Sources of inspiration and motivation

To our Alma Mater; SCSA, that shaped and mold us in a holistic way

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgement...............................................................................................................i
Dedication...........................................................................................................................ii
Introduction........................................................................................................................1
Relevant Theories…………………………………………………………………1
Synthesis of Theories……………………………………………………………...4
Related Literature.....................................................................................................5
Synthesis of Literature...........................................................................................20
Related Studies…………………………………………………………………..21
Synthesis of Studies……………………………………………………………..31
Purpose of the Study.............................................................................................31
Conceptual Framework........................................................................................32
Statement of the problem.....................................................................................32
Assumptions.........................................................................................................32
Scope and Delimitation........................................................................................32
Significance of the Study......................................................................................33
Methods............................................................................................................................33
Research Design....................................................................................................33
Participants............................................................................................................33
Instrument.............................................................................................................34
Procedure..............................................................................................................34
Data Analysis........................................................................................................35
Ethical Considerations..........................................................................................35
Results…………………………………………………………………………………...35
Discussion..............................................................................................................76
Conclusion.............................................................................................................87
Reference...............................................................................................................88
Appendices………………………………………………………………………………91
A. Letter of Request……………………………………………………………..91
B. Curriculum Vitae…………………………………………………………….92
1
 Origin, The Rise and Fall Circumstances of Saint Catherine of Siena
Academy of Samal, Inc. that Led to An Impact on Molding the Present Philosophy
and Core Values of The Students
De Silva, EJ. R.
Goyal, GM. L.
Mayoyo, RG. K.

A school is something that binds the students together. Schools are potent tools in

molding the principles and ethics of a student. Values are the socially acceptable norms

to evaluate a person, object or any situation. These are also considered the aims of human

life. Values are considered as the backbone of a civilized society which is drastically

eroding by modern world. The school or the institution will always have the significant

role in molding one's student especially in terms of values in life. Schools are not value-

free or value neutral zones of social and educational engagement, but they are about

building character as much as equipping students with specific skills, and values

education is an explicit goal aimed at promoting care, respect and cooperation. (Cubukcu,

2013).

The functionalist theory focuses on the ways that universal education serves the

needs of society. Functionalists first see education in its manifest role: conveying basic

knowledge and skills to the next generation. Durkheim (the founder of functionalist

theory) identified the latent role of education as one of socializing people into society's

mainstream. Functionalists point to other latent roles of education such as transmission

of core values and social control. Diocesan Schools of Bataan is a system that is tasked

to organize, coordinate and set the direction of the education ministry of the diocese. One
of the objectives that the DSOB has is: to promote the development of spiritual and

moral

values. Since SCSA is under DSOB, it is evident how it functions as an institution who

provides quality of education that transmit core values and social control. According to

one of the alumni, Yolanda Capili, SCSA Class of 1980, “I am what I am now because I

am a Catherinian. I can describe a true-blooded Catherinian as a person with a heart,

service-oriented, generous, focused and disciplined, which proves how SCSA enhances

the value system in the one’s self. Ms. Capili also added, “In SCSA, spiritual and moral

values are always present.”

In accordance with the downfall and arising problems that an institution face,

SCSA have encountered the chaos years ago when the students executed rally because of

the new administrators. It resulted into disorganization that made an impact on the safety

and peaceful life of the teachers and students. It is all in the past but the decision that the

institution still lives on the present days. After the incident of rally, the administrators did

something; which is vague on the memory of the interviewees. But then again, SCSA

focused on their main goal, which is to provide quality Catholic Education that will

transform every member of the education community. It proves how SCSA handles the

students, how SCSA molds the attitude and values of the students.

Religious Theory. According to this theory religious is the standard, which binds

a group, a community etc. It may be revealed or natural revealed religion or natural. In

the context of Value Education, Natural religion is to be preferred as it has a secular

outlook a vital requirement of our educational system. Religion and faith are SCSA’s

mate. As everyone knows, SCSA is a Catholic school that shares in the total mission of

the Church. One evident experience is when the institution fund is inadequate for all the

needs and the

bills and payments. It was a common instance but SCSA remained trusting His plans.

Through religion, it builds your faith and that faith helped the institution to overcome

problems and challenges. As stated in the Religious Theory, it is imperative for the

educational system to incorporate various ways or strategy so that the students would

learn something valuable in their spiritual aspect. SCSA promotes the vision wherein

every member is academically, spiritually and emotionally transformed.

Essentialism. Schooling should be practical, preparing students to become

valuable members of society. It should focus on facts-the objective reality out there--and

"the basics," training students to read, write, speak, and compute clearly and logically.

Schools should not try to set or influence policies. Students should be taught hard work,

respect for authority, and discipline. Teachers are to help students keep their non-

productive instincts in check, such as aggression or mindlessness. This theory depicts

how the daily routines and objectives of a school affects the moral values of one’s self.

The past experiences are also essential because it brought up something good like

through those failures and problems, the institution was able to learn from it. For the past

creates wide-range of lesson and learning. Essentialism believes in making the students

valuable people in society, it could be achieved by knowing the approaches that must be

applied on the students. It could be seen on the own tagline of the SCSA; “Committed
to Excellence and Dedicated to Touch Lives” A school plays a big role in cultivating

one’s discipline, one’s philosophy in life. The institution makes a significant part wherein

a student would not just exist, but they will also excel and live their life in a good way.

In relation to collaboration, The Stakeholder Theory of Freeman (2016) states

that the primary role of managers is to mobilize and motivate the people to collaborate

for the fulfillment of the organizational goals. Moreover, it is also their role to secure not

only the interests and benefits of the organization but also of the stakeholders who take

part in the attainment of these goals. Hence, the overall success of ensuring the culture of

quality of education in Catholic school depends not only on the role played by the school

administrators but from the collaboration of all stakeholders (Minoja, 2014). The

institution must be worked on together because it circulates on the sake of the students.

The significant events, rules and regulation, fall and rise circumstances are not the only

aspects that is held responsible for the institution’s success but also those who are the

stakeholders because they plan out everything and they also have an essential part in

achieving the organizational goals. In connection on one of the interviewee’s that a rally

was once held in SCSA, it was chaotic and full of hatred, but the administrations took

control over it because they are one of the in-charge people behind the success of

ensuring the culture of quality of Education. The administrators did everything just to

brought back the harmony flowing in the institution.

 Upon summing all the relevant theories, one of the objectives that the DSOB has

is: to promote the development of spiritual and moral values. Since SCSA is under

DSOB, it is evident how it functions as an institution who provides quality of education

that transmit core values and social control. It shows what an institution does in molding

the values of the student. It is about the outcome that the institution can give. It is also the

collaboration and relationship that every member gives to maintain and sustain its needs

and demands.

Bual and Madrigal (2017) said that evangelization is the primary purpose of

Catholic education. Evangelization is one of the visions of the institution and by the year

2025, SCSA is recognized as a Catholic educational Institution where every member is

Christian fulfilling the mission of the Church to evangelize. Evangelization takes place

when the institution was in debt and rarely have excess money for the bills and payment

but still the institution managed to trust the Lord’s plan. SCSA did not stop there, even

though there is an incident wherein students transferred out. The institution still have the

faith in Him and continue to evangelize. To evangelize is to share religious beliefs,

especially Christian ones, with other people. Ma Milette De Villa from Class 2001 is a

living proof and said, “SCSA inculcated to me the important values that make me a good

person, a good Christian, living my faith.”

Diocesan school adheres to the quality standards for Catholic education but needs

to continuously improve to meet the highest possible standards. The findings further
affirmed the important role that administrators play in the effective management of

school to achieve quality Catholic education and to ensure operational vitality in

responding to its evangelical mission. Hence, the active involvement of the members of

the school community to this effect. (Bual and Madrigal,2017). The diocesan school

works in collaboration with all its stakeholders in assessing and ensuring the quality and

sustainability of the Catholic education it offers. There are some instances where

institutions face problems, struggles, difficulties and downfall moments that could lead to

various issues. SCSA is not excluded on those institutions. But when the people inside

the institution would help and collaborate to address the problem, it would be easily

solved since Bual and Madrigal (2017) argues how the administrators play an important

role in effective management of school to achieve the good quality of Catholic Education.

Formation of the students is one of the tasks that is entrusted to the institution’s

hand. It depends on how the institution handles the students. Looking back how strict and

stern the teachers, rules and regulation in the past years, but it is an effective way to mold

the discipline of the students. SCSA has its mission; to provide quality Catholic

Education that will transform every member/graduate of the educational community into

a holistic person living his/her Christian faith. In connection to what Bual and Madrigal

(2017) said, administered by a religious congregation, the diocesan school offers a

Catholic education that focuses on the integral formation of students so that they may

become faithful, morally upright, and servant-oriented citizens and leaders of the Church
and society. The ups and downs of SCSA is not a hindrance in offering a Catholic

Education that will surely develop the students.

The term value has got a wide denotation and connotation and its origin is as old

as human society itself. Laws and codes of certain kinds evolved on the basis of their

corporate living, which would lead their societies toward peace and progress. Rules and

regulation are like the role models that needs to be followed. Values are the framework of

code of conduct in a society. Even the concept of education has to be viewed as nothing

but a set of values in essence. (Mendoza, 2017). Through education, the students can

learn a wide-range of enlightenment and knowledge.

By those knowledges, “The whole enterprise of education is extricable linked

with the development of values. Devoid of the potential to nurture values, education

losses its heart and soul. No one who attempts to depict the spirit of age in which we live

can possibly overlook the importance of education for values. Peace and security are

facing new challenges that could have negative implications if we do not address them

positively.” (Gulati et. al 2016) negative or unfavorable situations needs to be handled

well. In connection to the experiences of institution that lead into a lot of failures but

there was a silver lining after all those negative vibes and most importantly, the

institution, learned a lot.

SCSA is always exerting effort when it comes to inculcating values because of the

incidents in the past, the institution learned how to assess or what approach is needed in

order for the student to be developed and enhanced because the malleable years of youth
in schools are crucial. Whatever is learnt and imbibed will determine to how students

would live out their lives in future. (Gulati et. al 2016)

Values are the guiding principles decisive in day-to-day behavior as also in

critical 1ife situations. In the critical situations just like what the institution had

encountered, it is imperative in impacting the values of the individuals. It helps in

distinguishing the personally desired from universally undesired and vice-versa (Goyal,

2017).

Values hake three anchor bases: first, the head-we perceive and see reason why

something is valuable and intellectually we prize it high. Another anchor base is the

heart- the language of the heart also tells us that something is worthwhile-we feel it as

such. When mind and heart are involved, the whole person is involved leading ta the third

anchor base- the hand- in other words values lead to decisions and actions (Mendoza

2016). Values is something that numerous purposes on one’s life and it is also one of the

roles of schools; to help and mold them holistically.

Parents’ Involvement is also essential. According to one of the participants,

parents were needed if you are acquiring for the enrollment in the past years and it is

strictly implemented. No parents, no enrollment. It is also true that family is the prime

agency for development of value but efforts must also be focused at the school site. How

effectively the objectives are fulfilled depends on how various systems, resources and

processes are organized and managed in the school. (Gulati et. al 2017) No doubt, value
education is both parent and public responsibility but schools as organized institutions

ought to take the major responsibility in fostering values in students. The endeavor is to

be seen as an investment in building the foundation for lifelong learning, promoting

human excellence as well as promoting social cohesion, national integration and global

unity.

The whole realm of activities and programs traditionally known as co-curricular

activities conducted in school can have tremendous impact on the learning of values by

students. Values are integral to the way these are organized. It is important to critically

review the kind of activities carried out in schools and the expected outcomes

these are likely to yield. The objective must be to provide experiential learning in not

only knowing values but also practicing values. That is why SCSA or any other school

institution have various activities that helps the students to discover and learn something

new for their selves. It is also a way in making the students, enjoy their life. Some

innovative ideas which are practiced in some schools across the country have been

presented. It is also important to actively involve students in efforts towards value

education in schools. (Gulati et. al 2016)

One of the major area of concerns in this section relates to teaching of different

school subjects with such perspectives that students not only gain insight into the nature

of the subject but also appreciate and imbibe the attitudes and values associated with a

particular subject. Every subject is a repository of values. (Gulati et. al) that is why the
presence of ESP as a subject is very necessary for each individual because it will serve as

a background on what is right and wrong. Education is necessarily a process of

inculcating values to equip the learner lead a life – a kind of life that is satisfying to the

individual in accordance with the cherished values and ideals of the society. (Gulati et. al)

Through the natural way of learning, attitudes, values and skills cannot be

developed by forcing students to memories words, and also not by impositions. Concrete

experiences and opportunities to think about, to reflect, critically evaluate, appreciate

one’s own values and those of others, can help internationalization of values. (Gulati et.

al) Cruz even revealed that they are not after the good grades but they want the students

to be “magaling at mabuti”

10

Re-examination of one’s own school policies and practices, particularly related to

handling discipline and creating positive school climate imbued with values of caring

which is central to any effort and is a precursor to value education. Discussion on

reviewing existing school policies which have inherent violence, discrimination and

repression against the principles of democracy, the importance of having written policies

and clarifications to each member of the school after coming to consensus on priority

values is emphasized. (Mendoza,2017)

Khan Academy (2017) stated that like empires, great universities are liable to

decline and fall. Either it is a university or academy, any institution that is built, it is not

always about the development and progress. Failures and fall circumstances are also
present. The good thing about those failures is that the institution could addressed what

they actually need and they are able to learn something valuable about the establishment.

(Barrett et al. 2019) explained that there is some evidence that school libraries and

the creation of new schools leads to improved learning and enrollment. The literature also

provides some evidence that toilets improve student learning, and that laboratories and

drinking water facilities increase enrollment. In the past, students and teachers are able to

use the caves as their rooms and it was the start for them in appreciating small things.The

infrastructure of an institution is also essential in molding the philosophy and core values

of the student because when everything around the student’s environment is good, it

could be a way to develop his or her own self.

11

The quality of education infrastructure, specifically its appropriate educational

planning and design with a focus on child development, has been widely discussed in

recent years. The Sustainable Development Goals, which are defined by the United

Nations and scope the development agenda for all countries in the world, require

countries to “build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and gender

sensitive, and provide safe, non-violent, inclusive, and effective learning environments

for all.” (Barrett et. al 2019) specify the obligation of the school or institution to provide a

good quality of education infrastructure to the students because it affects the child

development and their learning. SCSA did not boomed quickly. It was slowly moving but
there is a progress and development. The institution did not remain in the pit of problems

and failures, the institution was able to rise up again and was build for a greater purpose.

Having good and peaceful environment can help a student gain knowledge and

when the student gain knowledge, they would be able to know what is right and wrong.

They would be capable of doing ethical acts and deeds. It could be seen on the previous

experiences wherein there is riot, chaos and it affected their beliefs and values. That is

why Nepal (2016) argues that if a school provides a quality environment for students, this

will arrange mental preparedness to gain knowledge. The acquisition of skills is

important for society.

When an institution invests on its establishment, it does not only concern the

staffs and administration, it is also about how can the student feel the safety and the good

kind of ambiance that would help them to learn in all aspects. The NPA’s and rallies may

taint the peaceful environment of SCSA but Barrett et. al (2019) concluded that therefore,

there

12

is a need for more evidence on the effectiveness of these educational infrastructure

investments. The potential benefits of improving the spaces where education is provided

can be sizeable, including energy savings, safer and healthier environments for children,

and better learning outcomes.

Nepal (2016) revealed that a good infrastructure facility always supported the

educational enterprise. Research had shown that clean and good air quality, good light, a

small, comfortable, safe environment, building age and condition, quality of

maintenance, temperature, and color, could affect student health, safety as well as a sense

of self and psychological state. There are some instances when an individual or a student

is surrounded by unhealthy environment, there is a tendency that his or her actions and

knowledge would be the same as the negative vibes that the environment have. It means

that having good facilities and healthy environment for the student is important. Through

the incident of NPA, the security was improved and tightened because it will surely affect

the teachers and administrators and most specially, the students.

SCSA started in the caves, in the simple environment and facilities. It was a good

start for them, it was their foundation in the first learnings and lesson. It started in a small

state that grow and developed through the years. The evidence indicates that there is

potential for many existing schools to be upgraded very economically. (Barrett et. al

2019).

 The institution and infrastructures inside it are not the only one who’s

responsible in developing and guiding the students. The teachers also have a crucial role

in the management of the students. They should give extra attention in helping the

students to

13

learn, not just about the books, lessons but also having the heart to live as a human. There

are a lot of teaching staffs that goes beyond their pocket just to help the students in their

financial needs. Anyone can see in SCSA, the family you belong in. It made sense on

what Barrett et. al (2019) claims, that governments and societies around the world strive

to improve their education systems and ensure that all children and youths have the
opportunity to go to school and acquire the knowledge and skills they need to lead

healthy and productive lives. Key inputs to the education system, such as curricula,

teachers, and education infrastructure, help to improve the quality of education.

Hall (2016) states that when schools and teachers become aware and clear about

their personal values, they are then able to understand and convert those values into a

clear belief system about the nature of education. Through that rise and fall instances, the

teachers could present the significance of every obstacle that the student would face in

life because for every situation, learning is attained. Since the teachers have a significant

part in molding the students, the first step in helping others is to know yourself first. The

educators must own the right values first before inculcating the students’ values. Teacher

does not simply transmit values and beliefs to children but these emerge from wide array

of relationship between teacher and student. Often teachers are effective when they

express how their own moral questions are related to children moral questions.

(Bhardwaj,2016)

Fair, generous, caring, and empathetic teachers model these qualities and can

effectively guide students in sorting out questions. At each school, teachers should

encourage students work in groups, research, organize, create and design their own

stories and identify the values, discuss the issues, explain the impact and demonstrate the

behavior

14

in their environment. (Bhardwaj,2016). As a professional educator, it comes with a lot of

responsibilities. One must teach good things in all aspects; it is about teaching
holistically. The institution had faced a situation wherein a teaching staff acts beyond

their role as a teacher and SCSA immediately resolved that and it was a reminder for

everyone to know their own responsibility as a teacher because they play an important

role for the institution to operate.

Teaching is a moral activity in which teachers have to consider the ethical

complexity of teaching and the moral impact they have on their students (Carr et. al

2016). All kinds of activities in schools in which students learn or develop values and

morality are often referred to as values education and a distinction can be made between

explicit and implicit values education. Whereas explicit values education refers to

schools’ official curriculum of what and how to teach values and morality, including

teachers’ explicit intentions and practices of values education, implicit values education

is associated with a hidden curriculum and implicit values, embedded in school and

classroom practices (Halstead & Thornberg; 2016) Teachers are to help students keep

their non-productive instincts in check, such as aggression or mindlessness. There is a

certain situation that through the incident of NPA’s many teachers have stopped teaching,

but through the actions and ways of administration, it was easily sorted out because the

student needs a teacher so that they would be able to learn something valuable.

SCSA teaching staff are putting a lot of efforts on being the instrument for the

development and learning of the students. Teachers do not act only in the classroom

where they instruct students more or less in isolation from other classes and teachers. A

modern

15
view of teaching also includes professional activities on the school level, such as co-

operating in teams, building professional learning communities, participating in school

development, and evaluating and changing working conditions (Darling-Hammond et al.

2015). These activities shape the learning environment on the school level, i.e. the school

climate, ethos and culture, and thus directly and indirectly (via classroom-level

processes) affect student learning.

Since Fr. Quiambao, the founder of SCSA, has his own legacy which is

discipline. Through the founder’s legacy, it was a good guide for the whole institution

and how it impacted the beliefs and attitude of the student. Through the discipline of Fr.

Quiambao, many people are able to visualize the values that they need in life, and Fr.

Quiambao is an achievement for the institution. Since Fekadu (2019) said that discipline

is an important component of human behavior, and one could assert that without it, an

organization cannot function well toward the achievement of its goals.

More involvement of parents in schools is a necessary element for the genteel

value development as activities organized in schools embrace school, parents and

community to impart values in students to develop social responsibility.

(Bhardwaj,2016). After the incident of rally in the past years, SCSA is strictly

implementing no parents no enrollment. It is their way of controlling the behavior of the

students. It is their approach. It shows that parents also have a crucial role where in their

presence is necessary in the process of the students’ development.

16
 Generally, students’ awareness on school rules and regulations, parents’ education

levels, civics and ethical education scores, and students’ attitudes toward promoting good

behavior were found as significant effects on perception toward promoting good

behavior. (Fekadu,2019). When teachers are successful in implying and teaching various

values and good things, the students could raise their own awareness that results into

something great which promotes good behavior.

Student must contain discipline first. They should have it first and when the

students are able to attain it, the institution can now move and work on the students.

That’s why SCSA is known to be a disciplined school, in that way, the institution can

give their own part on molding the discipline they have. It is about cultivating it more.

Student’s discipline is a prerequisite to almost everything a school has to offer to the

students (McGregory, 2016).

Students are molded to be a better individual that will soon inherit today’s society.

It is a requisite to direct students to exhibit acceptable attitude and behavior within and

outside the school (Ndeto, 2016). That is why SCSA is implying the strict rules and

regulation in the past because it is something that is effective in molding the values of the

students. To acquire an aspiring nonaggressive and organized school environment, rules

and regulations are indispensable to guide each member, as well as the teachers and staff,

of the educational institution. Rules and regulations are the guidelines or instructions of

doing something correctly. These are the principles that govern the conduct or behavior

or a person in an organization or country. After the administration of Fr. Quiambao and a

new priest was in term, that was the start of the rally because they were used into Fr.

Quiambao’s
 17

disciplined. That is why the institution or any organization must have rules and

regulations. It would not stand without it because rules and regulation serve as paths that

must be followed on since it creates a good impact on a student’s life.

Not only can school rules and regulations have an impact to the school, but most

importantly, to the students’ attitude as it aims to control children’s action and behavior.

SCSA experienced various teaching staffs that is really strict and disciplinarian but Urieh

(2017) stated that strict disciplinary measures are used by school authorities to control the

students and make them adhere to the various rules and regulations of the school.

Through this rules and regulation, there is a something to follow and will serve as a

potent tool in inculcating values of the students.

In connection, school rules and regulations highly affect the students’ academic

performance. In the study administered by Urieh (2018), she cited that school authorities

said that school discipline has a formidable impact on the students’ academic

performance. It guides the students to have their self-discipline thus resulting in a more

responsible and equipped students. As to what Dobson (2016) shared, given the following

roles of school discipline mentioned beforehand, it is very clear that there is a need to

guide the students into the right paths as it is one of the main functions of the school.

School or the institution plays a significant role in guiding the students that needs to be

focused on. Rules and regulation are just the institution’s weapon so that the student

would be aware and warned to follow something which is the guidelines. When rules and

regulation are not present in the institution, it could weaken the development of the
students because students tend to take advantage when no one or nothing is prohibiting

them. It shows how rules and

18

regulation is important. It serves as an agent of socialization, where people can be taught

with good moral among other things that will produce mentally and psychologically

furnished students for a better society.

School rules and regulations are among the strategies designed to instill good

conduct to the students; these imply self-control, orderliness, acceptable behavior and

obedience to the school authority (Adams, 2016). Also, rules and regulations are set to

maintain proper governance and build respect among the teachers and the students. Rules

and regulation have numerous essences. Through this, it gives an impact on molding the

students’ core values because it filters the actions and deeds that must be implied.

Additionally, discipline aims to educate and nurture values of tolerance, respect, and self-

discipline in the learner rather than to victimize, belittle and dominate those who are

under the said rules and regulations (Gottfredson, 2015).

Molding values is embedded in the school’s duty to transform the students so that

they could be the best version of themselves. Values are the socially acceptable norms to

evaluate a person, object or any situation. These are also considered the aims of human

life. Values are considered as the backbone of a civilized society which is drastically

eroding by modern world. (Bhardwaj,2016). That is why schools have significant role in

instilling good conduct and good morals of the students.

 Since, Vedic period Indian culture is considered very rich in value system.

Gurukuls, Rishikuls, Ashrams were the main centers of education. Thereupon education

was the storehouse of moral, spiritual and social values which was closely associated

with

19

religion. Gurus were taught the students to lead a spiritual and disciplined life. By that

discipline, you have that advantage, because it could be applied in future purposes. Their

aim was to promote the moral values of life and eternal values like truth and non-

violence. (Bhardwaj,2016) Values were taught first at home and when the time comes

that the individuals already have that values, the institution or the people behind it would

nurture those values.

Development of values takes place during the process of socialization.

Socialization always occurs in a context. Since socio-cultural milieu is different from

different societies, differences in cultures are reflected in the values. During the process

of socialization at home and school, deliberate attempts are made to promote awareness,

understanding, sensitivity, appreciation, reflection, thinking about what is good or what is

bad, right or wrong and why it is right or wrong. It is only then responsible choice

making or decision making, willingness and commitment to follow desirable values are

likely to take place naturally.

"Values art: standards used to decide whether some objects are good or bad, right

or wrong, important or worthless, preferable or not preferable. The 'objects' in this

declination can take many forms. They can be ideas, decisions, personal statements,
actions, physical objects etc." it explains how actions, situations can stand as a standard

of someone in their own values. Just like in the SCSA, if the child was able to see the

resiliency of it, she or he would adapt that resiliency in herself or himself because it is the

standards used to decide for various things. (Ehman and Patrick, 2017)

20

In the words of Schofield (2015), "a Value is what a particular society values so

highly that it finds it important to pass it on to each succeeding generation". In other

words, it is the quality of anything that renders it desirable or something that is prized,

held in respect, deemed worthy etc. A value is a relationship between a person and an

environmental situation which evokes an appreciative response in the individual. That is

why ups and downs of the institution matters because it triggers the values needed to use

by the students.

Upon summing all the related literature, this is certain, Elvis Presley said, “Values

are like fingerprints, nobody’s are the same, but you leave them all over in everything

you do.” That is why schools and institution have the significant role in molding it,

specially its ups and downs. School rules and regulation and infrastructure creates a wide-

range effects. Student must contain discipline first. They should have it first and when the

students are able to attain it, the institution can now move and work on the students. In

that way, the institution can give their own part on molding the discipline they have. It is

about cultivating it more.

Looking back on the origin of SCSA that is found on the Student’s Handbook,

Saint Catherine of Siena Academy was established in January 1960 by Rev. Fr. Conrado
Ma. Quiambao, with the assistance of Mr. Roman Valenzuela, to become secondary

school where Christian values and discipline are instilled among its students.

21

From its maiden year of operation, Fr. Quiambao has imprinted into the academy

his character, which is synonymous to discipline. Mendoza stated that Fr. Quiambao’s

legacy to the community is discipline. He is a priest with dignity; who taught students the

difference between right and wrong. That is why his existence was an achievement for

SCSA because, if there is no Fr. Quiambao, there will be no Saint Catherine of Siena

Academy in the first place. From the founder of the institution, it screams his passion for

discipline and values is embedded within it.

Various information was unveiled to the researchers and it includes how

Cruz witnessed many students wanting to be under the institution’s care and guidance but

there are no enough rooms to handle them all. One of the weakness that the institution

had was when it was just starting, rooms are not adequate for all the students that would

like to be in the institution’s hand.

After interviewing some teaching staffs about how was the institution on the past

years, Cruz revealed that SCSA was entered by New People’s Army (NPAs). The whole

institution was not on guard to protect every student and staff. Additionally, outside

forces invaded the peaceful environment of SCSA. In connection to this, Magtanong

stated that after the NPA incident, many students transferred out of the institution due to
the inadequate protection. It also demonstrated how events and circumstances beyond the

central state play a role in the state’s success in building an empire. (Khan Academy,

2020). It explained how an institution cannot keep away from downfall situations. It just

made the institution assess the problems that needs to be solve. Downfall instances, was

not a

22

hindrance in achieving the success of SCSA, it was the edge of the institution to make it

stronger compared to other schools. There is a silver lining after all.

Years ago, there was only 20 teaching staff in the whole institution

(Magtanong,2020). Teachers were said to be terror, strict and the kind of disciplinarian.

According to Cruz (2020), the teachers are dedicated to their work and showed that they

are committed to teaching. The widening gap between teachers are visible but they are

still staying in SCSA for one same goal; to inculcate and mold them as an individual.

In terms of infrastructure and facilities, it was insufficient. On SCSA’s

early years, Cruz (2020) revealed that the caves served as the rooms of the students. They

are always borrowing it from the Parish Staffs. Years ago that the facilities are not yet

high-tech and well developed, caves stand as the space of the students and it was the start

of learning various things. Through that happenings, the students are able to reflect and

see how things have changed and how the institution made it this far.

Laboratory, Library, Canteen and other premises are not yet well

developed. (Cruz, 2020). But it was not a hindrance for their desire to help and teach the

students. The faculty of the teachers years ago was the abbey or kumbento and the
canteen was the place of playground nowadays. It was significant because the student

learns about it.

After those downfall instances, it was not an enough reason to give up the fight.

Instead of surrendering, SCSA put up a good battle and Magtanong claimed that the

institution rises slowly. It was not an instant rise up but it depicted progress and

23

development. Nothing comes up easily. No one could just easily get up after being

stumbled. It takes time and some serious evaluation.

Magtanong (2020) stated the that rules and regulations years ago was just the

same as it is nowadays. What makes it different is that how the student complies in the

present times because the students nowadays are contradicting what the rules and

regulations say. It is also about the presence of Social Media that makes the learners

unfocused.

Cruz (2020), who is the prefect discipline, added that rules and regulation are

same as before and suspension, calling of the parents are some of the added policies. It is

very essential for any institution because it helps the learners to grow and live with a man

of discipline and values. Sonn (2016) added that a school without an effective discipline

is unmanageable and often results in unmotivated and demoralized educators which in

return lead to the students’ poor academic performance and attitude. In return, when there

is an effective discipline in a school, effective teaching and learning will take place thus

leading to a more appealing environment that will help towards a more positive academic
achievement and a better attitude among the student. institutions “are the rules of the

game in a society, or more formally, are the humanly devised constraints that shape

human interaction” (North, 2016). Institutions “reduce uncertainty by providing a

structure to everyday life”, and include both formal rules such as laws and constitutions,

and informal constraints such as conventions and norms.

The environment and the personal characteristics of learners play an important

role in their academic success. The school personnel, members of the families and

communities

24

provide help and support to students for the quality of their academic performance. (Bual

and Madrigal, 2017) that is why when SCSA was full of riot, the students were affected

and they even transferred out; one evident situation that explains how the rise and fall is

connected in molding the present values of the student. It shows how cooperation and

collaboration actually works in an institution and it must be maintained for a great

outcome.

Significant events of the institution lie in the Foundation Day Cruz (2020)

revealed that when SCSA celebrates its founding day, great things happen that is carved

in the image of the institution. What makes it significant, that every year, the institution is

still given the chance to commemorate it.

On the present day, SCSA is more developed. Cruz (2020) said in a way of the

increasing number of students, expansion of the space, various facilities, numerous

teaching staffs and the moral values that is still instilled on the institution’s process. Great

things happen in the right timing and so as the achievement and progress of the school.

SCSA has its own philosophy; Ora et Labora which means prayer and work.

Magtanong (2020) made it clear how SCSA has this perspective that life is not just about

praying it is also about working hard for it. Those two concepts must come together in

order for the students to learn something valuable in their life.

In the world of community, values are determiners of how people will live in

harmony and peace without hurting others, and they enable people to be virtuous

individuals within the community. (Yildis,2020)

25

In connection to Yildis (2020), the Diocesan Schools of Bataan advocates and

adheres to these distinctive core values; 1. Maka- Diyos, 2. Maka-Tao, 3. Maka-

Kalikasan, 4. Maka- Bansa. SCSA also promotes this core values and is tasked to

transform the students. By those ups and down, it was enough for the SCSA to come up

in this present and daily lives.

SCSA provides a Catholic education that is a concrete expression of the mission

of evangelization entrusted by Christ to the Church He founded. Through evangelization,

the Church seeks to form her members to become a people made one in the unity of the

Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, a community of Christ’s disciples. Accordingly,

Catholic schools are evangelical centers whose mission is to proclaim the Good News of

salvation to the world for the conversion of humanity and the transformation of the
society. Catholic education aims to provide an integral human formation and faith

education of persons (Cornelio, 2018) with emphasis on the religious and values

education in its curricular and co-curricular programs in accordance to the principles of

the Catholic faith (Beal et al., 2017) By doing so, all members of the Catholic schools,

especially students, acquire a systematic understanding of Christian faith and life.

Catholic education requires a lot of things to be considered. In addition, the

instrumentalization of Catholic education, religious diversification, and emergence of

creative Catholics are contemporary social contexts that pose great challenge to the

relevance of religious education in Catholic schools (Cornelio, 2018). Catholic education

requires a lot of things to be considered

26

Every time, it should be refined and develop since everything is uncertain

especially the problems that are arising. To address the challenges of quality Catholic

education, the Catholic Educational Association of the Philippines (CEAP) has developed

the Philippine Catholic School Standards (PCSS) to help Catholic schools evaluate,

improve, and sustain quality Catholic education in response to the evangelical mission

and the needs of the 21st century education.

Everything is connected to each other and one thing’s for sure is that it must be

focused on since SCSA is a Catholic institution. The Catholic school operates in the same

political and social context as other schools in Australia; but, distinguish themselves from

other sectors by the way they assimilate their Catholic mission to meet the needs of

students, parents, Catholic community and Australian society (National Catholic

Education Commission, 2015). As an assessment tool, PCSS provides the context and

measures which can assist Catholic schools in the Philippines to revisit and re-examine

their institutional practices for continuous improvement. The goal is to determine the

level of the quality of Catholic education in Catholic schools in the light of their Catholic

identity and mission. (Madrigal and bual2017)

Moreover, PCSS defines the eight characteristics which make up an excellent

Catholic school. Accordingly, Catholic schools must: a.) be centered in the person and

message of Christ; b.) actively participate in the evangelizing mission of the Catholic

church; c.) be animated by the spirit of communion; d.) be established as an ecclesial

institution; e.) be known for its culture of excellence; f.) be committed to the integral

formation of the human person; g.) engage in the service of the church and the society

with

27

preferential option for the poor ; and h.) promote dialogue on faith, life and culture

(CEAP, 2016).

Viewed from the perspective of Total Quality Management (TQM) to which this

study is also anchored, PCSS set the quality standards to ensure quality Catholic

education in Catholic schools. However, this quality standard can only be achieved when

all systems and procedures in Catholic schools are put into operation and ensured that

they are efficiently and effectively operational (Sallis, 2017) with end of satisfying the

demands of the stakeholders (Ejili, 2014; Ross, 2017; Ali, 2017)

 This explains that teachers are not the only one who is held responsible but also

those school executives like the directors since the institution takes a lot of process and

assessment. Consequently, school executives are expected to plan, monitor, assure, and

improve the quality standards and products in meeting these expectations (Antonaros,

2016; Sallis, 2017; Goetsch & Davis, 2016). Though this big task is based on the skills of

the school executives (Antonaros, 2018; Goetsch & Davis, 2016; Mosadeghrad, 2017),

collaboration of all members of the school is critically important to successfully create

this culture of quality (Sallis, 2017; Ali, 2017; Ross, 2017).

On the other hand, Hobbie et al. (2016) perceived that if administrators promote

collegial relationship, they enable teachers to persistently collaborate with them for the

success of the school. Also, the studies of Quinn (2017), Ozar (2016), and Zommers

(2017) affirmed that inclusive leadership elicits positive relationship among school

members to participate in Catholic education. Building rapport and relationship with each

of those

28

school personnel and staffs are important because it is a good way to start implying the

goodness with the students.

Added to this, leadership must be shared according to TQM because regardless of

status or role each personnel play in school, everyone is a manager of his or her own

responsibilities (Sallis, 2014). Cho (2016) and Convey (2017) confirmed that educational

objectives, values, formations, and curricula rooted in the Catholic teachings impact

Catholic identity and commitment of the personnel to collaborate in the attainment of the
success of Catholic education. It is still connected on the practices of the institution. It is

about the manifestation of the teachings specially in Catholic Education.

An excellent and effective Catholic school is governed and administered by

school executives who fully understand the primary purpose of Catholic education,

exercise servant leadership and extensively undergo formation programs for the

realization of the school’s educational objectives and mission. By doing so, they exert

effort to develop, empower, motivate, and inspire stakeholders to help the school in

achieving its educational objectives and mission as affirmed by several studies

(Imhangbe et. al 2019). The institution is not only the job being held by the principal. It is

also about how his constituents help in achieving various goals for the school.

Cooperation is important and everything is easier when people are all together in facing

different problems and tasks.

Also, in order for the Catholic school to strengthen its faith formation, religion

must be the core of curriculum and be integrated with all subjects (Costello et al., 2018;

Swallow, 2016). Besides, both Cho (2016) and Convey (2017) argued the critical need

for religion

29

to be the center of the formation to promote and support the school’s Catholic

identity and mission. SCSA has various ways to cultivate one’s faith like first Thursday

and Friday masses, rosary every Wednesday and the different subjects that enlightens the

students in terms of faith.

 Recent studies have shown that students’ performance is enhanced in schools with

better physical learning environments. (Barrett et. al 2019) The planning of good learning

spaces is a discipline that combines different sciences and that requires the involvement

of all users of these spaces—teachers, parents, and children—in the decision-making

process for infrastructure development. (Barrett et. al 2019). Through what Barrett et. al

(2019) argues, it shows how infrastructures and good kind of environment influence the

routine and lifestyle of the student inside the school premises. It determines how the

student would act, follow or do anything that reflects the environment of the school.

It is imperative on one’s life because school environment are the everyday

surroundings of the students since school infrastructure constitutes a large component of

the World Bank’s education investment projects. The Bank’s World Development Report

2018 titled “Learning to Realize Education’s Promise” stresses the importance of making

schools work for all learners and focuses on the need to ensure the high quality of

education. The report emphasizes the need to guarantee the efficient use of public

resources in delivering the maximum benefits of education to all. (Berrett et. al 2019).

Many factors are affecting on molding the values of the students and according to

Seker (2013) there are many factors such as teacher behaviors, school rules, classroom

30

environment, student’s family, the student himself/herself, teaching process, exams taken

and evaluation processes thought to be influential on attitudes towards school.

SCSA is a Catholic High School. It is uniformly suggesting that private schools

are actually more effective than public schools. For example, two recent studies based on
nationally representative survey data found that attending a Catholic high school instead

of a public high school was associated with improvements in civic participation,

knowledge, and attitudes (Greene, 2016; Campbell, 2017).

Educational services are often not tangible and are difficult to measure because

they result in the form of transformation of knowledge, life skills and behavior

modifications of learners (Tsinidou, Gerogiannis, & Fitsilis, 2017). It is not often seen

but educational services impact the whole character and personality of a student.

After all the related studies have been stated, SCSA experienced up and downs

that made it stronger today. Up to the when Cruz (2020) revealed that SCSA was entered

by New People’s Army (NPAs). The whole institution was not on guard to protect every

student and staff. Additionally, outside forces invaded the peaceful environment of

SCSA. In connection to this, Magtanong (2020) stated that after the NPA incident, many

students transferred out of the institution due to the inadequate protection. It was falling

yet it managed to rise up slowly. After those downfall instances, it was not an enough

reason to give up the fight. Instead of surrendering, SCSA put up a good battle and

Magtanong (2020) claimed that the institution rises slowly. It was not an instant rise up

but it depicted progress and development. Nothing comes up easily. No one could just

easily get up after

31

being stumbled. It takes time and some serious evaluation. It is also evident how teachers

are not the only one who is held responsible but also those school executives like the

directors since the institution takes a lot of process and assessment. These really matters
and how it impacted the student’s philosophy and core values. But most of all, SCSA is

nothing without Rev. Fr. Conrado Ma. Quiambao, who founded it with the assistance of

Mr. Roman Valenzuela, to become secondary school where Christian values and

discipline are instilled among its students. He instilled discipline and even had students

that is very molded nowadays.

The main purpose of the study is to assess what is the role of this institution in

molding the present philosophy and values of the students involving the institution’s

origin, rise and fall circumstances.

The origin, rise and fall circumstances is part of the foundation, past instances,

rules and regulation, attitude and personalities of the teachers and administrators. The

presence of Mission and Vision is also included. Strength and weaknesses are also part of

it. Lastly is the philosophy and core values of the students.

The researchers identified the origin, rise and fall circumstances of SCSA. It

sought to answer the general question:

“How is the origin of the chosen institution bridges the rise and fall circumstances

that led to an impact on molding the present philosophy and core values of the students?”

32

The following statements are the assumptions that the researchers of this

investigation have contemplated. The philosophy and core values of the student are not

enhanced and cultivated in the presence of the origin, rise and fall circumstances of the
chosen institution. It also assumes that the origin, rise and fall circumstances of the

chosen institution plays a big role in cultivating and molding the philosophy and core

values of the students.

This study is mainly about the Origin of Saint Catherine of Siena Academy of

Samal, Inc. which bridges the Rise and Fall Circumstances that led to an impact on

molding the present Philosophy and core values of the students. This research will tackle

the historical events that happened in the past and how it impacted on student’s

philosophy and core values. This study involves the teaching staffs and students who

witnessed the process and progress of SCSA. The investigation is conducted in the

premises of the chosen institution.

The repercussion of this investigation was valuable for all the students in the

institution and for the future students, so that they can reflect and realize a lot of things

through the events happened in the past. The study would also give them various ideas on

how this institution started. By this study, they can get values and lessons that can be

applied in a real-life situation. For all the parents, in order to provide them ideas how the

institution can mold the values of their children and would be encouraged to put the

future

33

of their children in the institution’s hand. It would benefit them in entrusting the whole

being of their child in the institution. They would be aware of the good effects of the
institution in the student’s life. For all the teachers and administrators of Saint Catherine

of Siena Academy of Samal, Inc., it would benefit them in a way that their awareness

would be increased especially about the history of their working environment. It would

be an advantage to them to continue, to improve and to develop on what has the

institution started. For the people around the community, this study would capture their

interest and would fill all the gaps of curiosity about Saint Catherine of Siena Academy

of Samal, Inc. It would educate them various values and information. It would advantage

the community in gaining a background knowledge about the ups and down of the

academy. For the future researchers, it would be a boon to them in fulfilling their

academical needs and the researcher knows how a related study can give a big help in

conducting research

Methods

Research Design
This research is under Qualitative type of research method, historical research to

be exact. Historical research is a qualitative technique. It is used by the researchers to

study the meaning of past events in an attempt to interpret the facts and explain the cause

of events, and their effect in the present events. By the employed method, it can provide a

wide-range information and data that will bridge the past into the present situations. It

would also create a connection that can answer the questions embedded in this study.

Participants

34
 There are certain individuals that can surely help in providing various information

about the present problem which is the (10) participants; (2) Staffs (5) Teaching Staff, (3)

Graduates of the Institution. The participants are chosen from the institution of Saint

Catherine of Siena Academy of Samal, Inc. for they are helpful in the study. They are

selected in the sampling type of purposive, which administers the events in the past that

creates an aftermath in molding the philosophy and core values of the students in the

present days.

The main purpose is to highlight those participants that contains the reliable and

helpful information about the study that will support the researcher to achieve and

consolidate valid data.

Instrument

For data collecting purposes, structured type of interview was used in this study.

This instrument will be specifically created that is aligned to the problem present in this

study. It intends to answer the questions that is formulated in the statement of the

problem. There are listed (8) major questions and once they are asked and the participants

answered, follow-up questions will be also employed if needed based on how the

participants answer until all the necessary information was achieved and gathered.

Procedure

The study started in the sending of initial letter to the participants so that they

would be aware for the interview in the topic of the study. So that the researchers can

gather all the information that will contribute a great help in the origin, rise and fall

circumstances of
 35

the institution and molding values-related factors. The researcher started collecting data

in the presence of listed questions. After consolidating literatures and various studies

from reliable resources, the researchers were able to identify the main problem existing in

the study and how references made a connection in the present variables of the study.

Documentation was utilized to gather information during the interview, which is the

structured type of interview. This instrument is employed with the goal of interpreting the

data. And lastly, the data was analyzed thoroughly and consolidated the result of the

study.

Data Analysis

The study employed Thematic Analysis in which the researcher set down the

collected information and categorize them according to their respective themes. The

researcher compared the themes to re-categorize and interpret the data that will be

discussed in the conclusion of the study.

Ethical Considerations

A brief introduction about the researcher and the purpose of the study itself is

explained to participants. It is written in the informed consent the anonymity and

mechanics of the study. The identities of the participants were not disclosed and the

interviews were kept in private.

Results
 The figure below expounds the results that are accumulated from the interview

conducted in connection with the present study. The participant’s experiences and

36

familiarities regarding to the origin, rise and fall of SCSA that made an impact on

values were perceived by thematic analysis.

The table below depicts the significant role of Saint Catherine of Siena Academy

of Samal, Inc. on molding the present values and philosophy of the students and how it

involves the origin, rise and fall of the chosen institution:

 MAIN SUB PARTICI- STATEMENT MEANING
THEMES THEMES PANTS
Past Achievements Participant 1 “The rise of SCSA is Conceptual
circumstances of the when the enrollees Definition:
institution maximize. The
Institution’s silver
people in Bataan
lining is visible
considered trusting through
the institution with its achievements. An
Christian formation. institution would
Through this, the always have
school is becoming something to be
competent in proud of. Every
institution has their
different areas in own success.
terms of education.
Such as on winning
different categories in
Speech festivals and
other community
competition.” Operational37
Participant 2 Definition:
“sa junior lagi naman
increasing yung The institution
would not be able to
number of enrollees
stand up for 60 years
pati sa shs.” without the presence
of its achievement
“increasing of and success. It did
Participant 3
enrollees kaso yun not remain in the
nga lang kulang na side of negativities
tayo sa rooms. Yung and difficulties.
SCSA put up a good
mga nakapagpatayo
fight and it is
na rin tayo ng blooming in a
building.” beautiful way.

“apparently as we
can see it was able
rise up again, I
believe it is the
collaboration
Participant 4
between the parents
teachers and
administrators as well
as the students we
can able to rise up
again well in my own
way of saying what
are the rises during
my term here in St.
Catherine as a
guidance counselor
since 2013 probably
 Discussion
All participants affirmed that the institution; Saint Catherine of Siena Academy of

Samal, Inc. experienced a lot of problems and difficulties in the past, which is normal for

every institution. But just like what others say, there is always a rainbow after the rain,

SCSA used those downfall circumstances as a weapon to aim high and achieve a lot of

accomplishments. The following shows the past and present circumstances of the

institution witnessed and based on researchers’ interview conducted to the participants:

ACHIEVEMENTS. Participants statement: “The rise of SCSA is when the

enrollees maximize. The people in Bataan considered trusting the institution with its

Christian formation. Through this, the school is becoming competent in different areas in

terms of education. Such as on winning different categories in Speech festivals and other

community competition.” Just like this achievement, according to Greene, 2016;

Campbell, 2017 two

77

recent studies based on nationally representative survey data found that attending

a Catholic High School instead of a public high school was associated with

improvements in civic participation, knowledge, and attitudes.

In connection with the other participant: “apparently as we can see it was able

rise up again, I believe it is the collaboration between the parents teachers and

administrators as well as the students we can able to rise up again well in my own way of

saying what are the rises during my term here in St. Catherine as a guidance counselor

since 2013 probably it is to maintain the number of students and the quality of the
education” educational services are often not tangible and are difficult to measure

because they result in the form of transformation of knowledge, life skills and behavior

modification of learners (Tsinidou, Gerogiannis, & Fitsilis, 2017). It is not often seen but

educational services impact the whole character and personality of a student, and that is

one of the edges of SCSA.

In relation with the other participant: “Yung rise, ayan nagsimula makapagpatayo

ng building yung school tapos nagkaroon ng elementary tas nagkaroon ng SHS, so nakita

yung pagrise, pagunlad ng eskwelahan. Nagkaroon ng aircon, tv, projector, kiosk, locker

or just simply yung progress kahit hindi ganon ka bilis yung pagunlad.” According to the

study of Barrett et. al (2019) there is a need to guarantee the efficient use of public

resources in delivering the maximum benefits of education to all.

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED. Participant’s statement: “SCSA stood through

times, but considering the difficulties, and basing on the history of the Institution. I think

the fall of SCSA is when the time Ma'am Ponce started as a principal where the minimum

78

wage of the educators back then was too low. Based on some information I received, the

teachers back then held a protest asking Ma’am Ponce to resign. Starting with a new

leader to manage a big institution can be frustrating as a lot of changes can occur.

Employees, the new principal and even the community must be able to adjust and learn

from each other. That time, the economy is not doing well and this situation can

realistically happen.” The problems stated was included in the fall of SCSA. It was

normal for any school or institution to face problems or difficulties. In the theory of
Durkheim; Functionalist theory, SCSA still functions as a whole even though there are a

lot of hindrances or struggles. It focused on its main goal which is to convey basic

knowledge and skills to the next generation.

In connection with another participant: “Yung fall kasi pwede kasi siya sa iba’t

ibang aspeto e, pwede siyang yung bilang ng enrollment, yung pag stay ng mga teachers,

sa fund na sumasapat lang, pero as I remember bilang estudyante noon, may mga

nagrarally noon dahil nga bago yung mga nasa administrasyon kasi nga noon namatay

si Fr. Quiambao sa highblood, may nagpagalit. Sa rally na yon, nagstay ako sa arellano

for 1 week, andaming naming nagtransfer out, andaming lumipat kasi wala na ring

natuturo e. kasi mahigpit yung pamamalakad noon kay Fr. Quiambao. Tapos yung

pumalit parang hindi ganon kahigpit kaya nagkaroon ng lakas na magrally.” Khan

Academy (2017) stated that like empires, great universities are liable to decline and fall.

In relation with another participant: “Yung fall, nakukwento yan ng mga teacher,

yung panahon ng NPA, magulo pa sa Samal. After that maraming nagtransfer out. Plus,

noon 20 teaching staffs lang ang meron ang SCSA all in all.” Which connects to what

79

Minoja (2014) said, the overall success of ensuring the culture of quality of education in

Catholic School depends not only on the role played by the school administrators but

from the collaboration of all stakeholders. Due to inadequate teaching staffs, it was

somehow the reason why it was bombarded with various problems.

INFRASTRUCTURES. Participant stated: “Of course, yes. You will be trained in

doing what is good not for the school but for ourselves. CCTV cameras are installed, well
equipped Science, Computer and TLE labs... Which are all for the foundation of learning

and competence. Through this, we can be able to develop sense of camaraderie,

teamwork, selflessness, kindness and other simple values about ethical socializing that

will be good for our growth as an individual.” Barrett et. al (2019), specify the obligation

of schools or institution to provide a good quality of education infrastructure to the

students because it affects the child development and their learning.

In association of another participant: “yes po. The value of ownership and respect

to our infrastructures and environment of the institution impact on the values of students.

Barrett et. al (2019) claims that governments and societies around the world strive to

improve their education systems and ensure that all children and youths have the

opportunity to go to school and acquire the knowledge and skills they need to lead

healthy and productive lives.

ATTITUDE AND PERSONALITY OF TEACHERS AND

ADMINISTRATORS. Participant said: “Well, they have different attitudes and

personality really. But the similarities are all about the willingness to serve the student

and the relationship that they

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build to us by being kind, cheerful, loving and supportive. You can really see how great

they are in what they do, at the same time. The sacrifices they give. They are not on

monetary incentives. Instead, they are characterized as God-servant by being able to

share their talents and knowledge to students without receiving any huge amounts in

return.” Carr et. al (2016) said that teaching is a moral activity in which teachers have to
consider the ethical complexity of teaching and the moral impact they have on their

students.

In relation with another participant: “terror mga teacher, strict, disciplinarian,

hindi matatawaran ang dedication and commitment for school” According to the study

of Bual and Madrigal (2017), the environment and the personal characteristics of learners

play an important role in their academic success. The school personnel,members of the

families and communities provide help and support to students for the quality of their

academic performance.

In connection on one of the participants: “Ang mga teachers noon, matitiyaga sila

sa mga estudyante. Noon, magtatyaga ang teacher, magtyatyagaan kami,

turuan at disiplinahan.” According to the study of Seker (2013), there are many factors

such as teacher behavior etc. thought to be influential on attitudes towards school.

RULES AND REGULATION. Participant’s Statement: “The rules and

regulation must be updated due to the changing culture and ways. It can be more

conventional or traditional based on what is for the betterment of the students. On where

they can develop aligned with the mission and vision of the institution. It is changing, that

is why the school keeps on updating the student handbook to inform the students,

teachers, and parents about

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the rules and regulations.” According to the study of Urieh (2017), strict disciplinary

measures are used by school authorities to control the students and make them adhere to

the various rules and regulations of the school.

 Associates with another participant: “Baka yung rules dati hindi nyo makayanan,

ang oras ay ang tamang pagpasok, pagattend ng flag ceremony, pag recite ng rosary,

pag attend ng angelus, before 5 we have to recite the mysteries pag ka nagkasala ka

magiging 15 mysteries pa, sobrang strikto noon, under the administration of Father

Quiambao.” According to the study of Dobson (2016) there is a need to guide the

students into the right paths as it is once of the main functions of the school. Rules and

regulation are just the institution’s weapon so that the students would be aware and

warned to follow something which is the guidelines.

MANAGEMENT OF THE STUDENTS. Participant statement: “SCSA drives you

on who you wanted to be. It's either they push you through your limits or innovates you to

become the best version of yourself. The institution gave me a lot of opportunities to

become who I am today. "Magaling at mabuti" They inculcated me lessons that I won’t

forget specially when it comes to failures and relationship. I grow everyday back on the

days when I was in SCSA because the school taught me to fight for my dreams and to

become not just an ordinary guy, but someone who stands with confidence, passion, and

faith.” Students are molded to be a better individual that will soon inherit today’s society.

It is a requisite to direct students to exhibit acceptable attitude and behavior within and

outside the school. (Ndeto, 2016).

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In relation to another participant: “Dito mo makikita yung pagmamahal, touch,

talagang nandoon yung touch ng school sa mga bata especially kapag may problema

talagang intact ang school sa mga estudyante.” Explains how the instution treats the

student not just a mere student but a sense of care and love is also present.
 Links to another statement of participant: “Dito mo makikita yung kakaiba sa

lahat, SCSA, dahil kahit talagang nasa labas na sinusundan pa rin namin yung mga

ginagawa nyo para masiguro namin na magiging maayos ang buhay nyo pag dating ng

panahon” the school is still intact with the student and it is quite fascinating to see how

deep the connection is between the school and students.

INCULCATION OF VALUES. Participant stated: “ORA et LABORA; prayer and

work. Ayan iyong inaano ng siena na pilosopiya ng mga bata na kumukonekta rin sa

values na meron yung estudyante. Saka yung willingness ng mga estudyante dati, iba e.”

The malleable years of youth in schools are crucial. Whatever is learnt and imbibed will

determine to how students would live out their lives in future. (Gulati et. al 2016)

In relation with another participant: “Motivation ang paraan para patuloy na

magmold ang values at philosophy ng mga estudyante. When we succeed dapat motivated

to stay on top at kung may hahatak pababa dapat motivated din ito keep on going para

hindi bumagsak” Values are the guiding principles decisive in day-to-day behavior as

also in critical 1ife situations. It helps us in distinguishing the personally desired from

universally undesired and vice-versa (Goyal, 2017).

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PRESENT RULES AND REGULATION. Participant stated: “wala naman

gaanong nabago but may mga nadagdag like yung pagpapatawag ng magulang kasi iba

na mga bata ngayon, kaya may mga dinadagdag.” In the study of Sonn (2016), a school

without an effective discipline is unmanageable and often results in unmotivated and

demoralized educators which in return lead to the students’ poor academic performance

and attitude.

In connection to another participant: “It changed overtime pero dapat ang rules

and regulations ay umaayon din sa takbo ng panahon. Strict rules before may not be

applicable today kaya depende sa sitwasyon ang bawat rules and regulation.” According

to Gottfredson (2015), discipline aims to educate and nurture values of tolerance, respect,

and self-discipline in the learner rather than to victimize, belittle and dominate those who

are under the said rules and regulation.

PRESENT INFRASTRUCTURES. Participant’s statement: “ngayon diba

developed na, madami nang nadagdag.” The evidence indicates that there is a potential

for many existing schools to be upgraded very economically. (Barrett et. al 2019)

Links with another participant’s statement: “may mga alumni na patuloy na

nagbibigay ng financial support para sa improvement ng ating facilities.” According to

Barrett et. al (2019), there is some evidence that school libraries and the creation of new

schools leads to improved learning and enrollment.

PRESENT ATTITUDE AND PERSONALITY OF TEACHERS AND

ADMINISTRATORS. Participant said: “Ngayon parang wala ka ng marinig na terror

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kasi nga ang mga estudyante alam na rin nila yung mga rights nila, kaya iba na rin yung

pagtuturo, hindi katulad noon, nawawala na yung traditional. Plus, sinusundan din nila

yung nasa curriculum guide. 52 na ngayon yung teaching staffs. Odiba andami na.”
Halstead and Thornberg (2016) said that teachers are to help students keep their non-

productive instincts in check, such as aggression or mindlessness.

In connection to another participant: “now mas natatakot pa sila sa mga

estudyante, because nakukulang ang kanilang mga tiyaga sa kung paano nila ma i-mold

ang mga estudyante.” Due to the changing generation, some students are totally hard to

handle and some teachers are way out of control to manage the students.

PRESENT INCULCATION OF VALUES. Participant’s statement: “we are not

actually after for intelligence, mabuting tao saka Kristiyano nalang dito, saka sa

paglabas nila ng paaralan.” At the end those grades and academic awards would be

totally forgetten. What SCSA wants is to be a person with a beautiful heart.

In accordance with another participant: “Pagmomold naming ng values at

discipline ay masasabi naming kahit hindi na sila dito nagaaral makikita mo pa rin iyong

mga itinuro ng mga guro lalo na yung pagmamano, paggalang hindi nawawala yun kahit

sila ay mga propesyonal na.” molding values is embedded in the school’s duty to

transform the students so that they could be the best version of themselves. Values are

considered the aims of human life. Values are considered as the backbone of a civilized

society which is drastically eroding by modern world. (Bhardwaj,2016)

85

IMPORTANCE OF MISSION AND VISION. Participant said: “It will always be

the Christian formation. The goal of also focusing in one’s spirituality is not that

popular. But SCSA always stands with it. SCSA always stands with faith and on doing the
right thing. The good thing. MakaDiyos ang SCSA ag dito panay nakasentro ang takbo

ng paaralan.” The vision and mission statements define the purpose of the organization

and instill a sense of belonging and identity to the employees. This motivates them to

work harder in order to achieve success. (Vanderelst,2017).

In connection with another participant: “Mas may guide and will serve as our

goals to improve and enhance the institution.” These serve as a guide for creating

objectives and goals in the organization, thus providing a road-map that is to be followed

by everyone. (Vanderelst,2017).

Links another participant’s statement: “ang taong walang misyon at pangarap ay

walang mararating. Ito ang guiding principle mo as to what you want to become in the

future” The vision and mission statements help to properly align the resources of an

organization towards achieving a successful future. (Vanderelst,2017).

PRESENCE OF MOLDING THE VALUES IN TERMS OF RISE AND FALL.

Participant stated: “Of course, it does, because we learn through time and not everything

that we have done yesterday is applicable today. We should always adjust regarding the

consequences but each failure is a learning and each success requires sustainability.

SCSA makes student "great" as it passes through the roller coaster events of time.”

86

In association with another participant: “Meron naman kasi you learn from those

experiences e so when students learn about it and meron silang natutunan, tumatatak yon

sa kanila e. mas natututo sila mga desisyon na gagawin nila at values na meron sila.” It
will serve as their guide in their everyday lives. Those ups and downs will stand as their

living proof on how to deal with their problems.

In relation with another participant: “Oo meron kasi yung values na tinuturo ng

eskwelahan ayon kasi yung magpapatatag, kapag nabalitaan ng iba yon, ah sa St.

Catherine pala yon, sa SCSA pala ganyan. So naeencourage silang dito magaral, so

syempre pag dumadami ang estudyante, pataas ng pataas ng yung kalidad ng

eskwelahan.” The rise and fall circumstances will always be included in the branding of

SCSA, it is engraved in the history of the institution and SCSA will be known to that.

87
Conclusion
The research study focused in answering the question, “How is the origin of the

chosen institution bridges the rise and fall circumstances that led to an impact on molding
the present philosophy and core values of the students?” this explains what is the role of

SCSA in molding the present philosophy and values of the students with the involvement

of the institution’s origin, ups and down. This query was answered through the themes

from the accumulated data. The investigation has collected experiences, perspective and

insights from different teaching staffs and individuals that were under the institution’s

hand. All of the participants assessed that SCSA exerts effort in inculcating the values of

the students especially in the presence of the ups and down of the institution that resulted

into various lessons.

They stated that SCSA learn through time and that each failure is a learning and

each success requires sustainability. SCSA makes student "great" as it passes through the

roller coaster events of time.

The participants affirmed that the origin, rise and fall instances of SCSA impacted

the values of the students because it is something that marks to their memory. Through

that various experiences, it helps them to visualize the resiliency of the institution. They

are comprehending different circumstances and would be able to assess it. By those ups

and downs, the students grasp lessons and would be able to apply in real-life situations.

They also revealed that through those favorable and unfavorable circumstances,

the people behind SCSA; teachers and administrators also learn something. By those

learnings, they are equipped enough to handle the students.

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Therefore, the origin, rise and fall circumstances of Saint Catherine of Siena

Academy of Samal, Inc impacts on molding the present philosophy and values of the
students. In conclusion, the institution was helpful in inculcating something valuable

which is their character as a person.

References

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guides/sociology/education/theories-of-education. Accessed at 17 February

(n/d) (2020). The Rise and Fall of Empires. Retrieved from

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/ancient-medieval/classical-

states-and-empires/a/rise-and-fall-of-empires. Accessed at 16 February 2020

Aramaic, R. (2016). Review of Related Literature and Studies Foreign Literature Student

Performance Galiher. Retrieved from

https://www.academia.edu/7729575/CHAPTER_2_Review_of_Related_Literature_and_

Studies_Foreign_Literature_Student_Performance_Galiher. Accessed at 19 February

2020

Barnden, A. et al (2017). Philippine Social Science Journal: A systematic narrative

review of literature on Catholic schools in Australia to better understand the role of

School Leadership deploying and integrating Information and Communication

Technology (ICT) in this environment. Retrieved from

https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1034&context=ecea.

Accessed at 19 February 2020

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Barrett et. al (2019). The Impact of School Infrastructure on Learning A Synthesis of the

Evidence. Retrieved from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329402892_The_Impact_of_School_Infrastruct

ure_on_Learning_A_Synthesis_of_the_Evidence. Accessed at 19 February 2020

Bhardwaj, D. (2015). A Study on the Role of School Curriculum and Teachers in

Inculcation of Values among Elementary School Students.

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1083387.pdf. Accessed at 17 February 2020

Bual, J. and Madrigal, D.V (2017). The Quality of Catholic Education in a Diocesan

School Relative to the Philippine Catholic School Standards. Retrieved from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332103674_The_Quality_of_Catholic_Educati

on_in_a_Diocesan_School_Relative_to_the_Philippine_Catholic_School_Standards.

Accessed at 19 February 2020

Nepal, B. (2016). Relationship Among School's Infrastructure Facilities, Learning

Environment and Student's Outcome. Retrieved from

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OOL'S_INFRASTRUCTURE_FACILITIES_LEARNING_ENVIRONMENT_AND_ST

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 90

Thornberg, R. and Oğuz, E. (2016). Teachers’ views on values education: A qualitative

study in Sweden. Retrieved from

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Yildiz, A. (2019). The impact of values education on adolescents' character

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haracter_development. Accessed at 23 February 2020

 91

SAINT CATHERINE OF SIENA ACADEMY OF SAMAL, INC.

APPENDIX A
School Permission

Saint Catherine of Siena Academy of Samal, Inc.

Faculty of Senior High School

Faculty of Junior High School

Greetings!
Dear Ma’am/Sir,

We, Ruselle Gail Mayoyo, Gia Mae Goyal, Elijer De Silva, Senior High School
Students of Saint Catherine of Siena Academy of Samal, Inc. is conducting a research
entitled, “Origin, The Rise and Fall Circumstances of Saint Catherine of Siena Academy of
Samal, Inc. that Led to An Impact on Molding the Present Philosophy and Core Values of
The Students”. The aim of this investigation is to assess what is the role of this institution in
molding the present philosophy and values of the students involving the institution’s origin,
rise and fall circumstances.

In association with this, we are seeking for your good faculty/department to allow us
to conduct our study that will evaluate the participant’s views and perception regarding our
topic in the chosen institution. We will surely assure you that the data will be enclosed with
confidentiality and the names of the participants wil not be disclosed.

We are hoping for your positive response. Thankyou very much and have a good
day! Godbless!

Sincerely,

The Researchers

Gr. 12- HUMSS; VIRGEN DEL PILAR

Approved by: Roxanne E. Fernando

Research Adviser