Senior High School

Understanding Culture,
Society, and Politics
Quarter 2 – Module 6
Social and Political
Stratification

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Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics Grade 11/12

Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 6: Social and Political Stratification
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro City

Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, CESO V

Development Team of the Learning Activity Sheets

Author/s: Roy H. Lumban, PhD

Reviewers: Sylvio C. Carciller,PhD

Charleah A.Matig-a
Ma. Deanna D.Manuel
Paz S. Pacturan

Illustrator and Layout Artist: Paul Badon

Management Team
Chairperson: Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, PhD, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent

Co-Chairpersons: Alicia E. Anghay, PhD, CESE

Asst. Schools Division Superintendent

Members:
Lorebina C. Carrasco, OIC-CID Chief
Romeo B. Aclo, EPS-Araling Panlipunan
Joel D. Potane, LRMS Manager
Lanie O. Signo, Librarian II
Gemma Pajayon, PDO II
Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Office Address: Fr. William F. Masterson Ave., Upper Balulang, Cagayan de Oro City
Telefax: (08822) 855-0048
E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph

Senior High School

Understanding Culture,
Society, and Politics

2
 Quarter 2 – Module 6
Social and Political
Stratification

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities.
We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their
feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education
at action@ deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Table of Contents
COVER PAGE i
COPYRIGHT PAGE ii
TITLE PAGE iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iv
WHAT THIS MODULE IS ABOUT v

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WHAT I NEED TO KNOW v
HOW TO LEARN FROM THIS MODULE vi
ICONS OF THIS MODULEvii
WHAT I KNOW viii
Lesson 1: Social Desirables/Social Mobility System 1
What’s In: 1
What’s New: It’s Me 2
What is It: Social and Political Stratification 2
What’s More: Status 5
Jumbled Letters 5
What I Have Learned: Power of Three 6
What I Can Do: From Rags to Riches 7
Summary 8
Assessment 9
Key to Answers 11
References 12

What This Module is About

This learning material will help you understand the social categorization of
people in the society based on their characteristics. It describes the layering of these
categories into higher and lower position. Different social classes are also discussed
as well as the moving of people from one social status to another.

Activities are provided to enhance your learning. Be curious to discover your

ascribed and achieved statuses in the social structure .

4
 What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

 Examine stratification from the functionalist and conflict perspectives;

(UCSP11/12HSOI--IIc-30)

How to Learn from this Module

The following are your guides for the proper use of this module:

To the Learner:
1. Follow closely to the instructions in every activity.
2. Answer the pre-test before going over the material to find out what you
already know.
3. Answer all the exercises at the end of every lesson.

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 4. Review the lesson that you find difficult to understand. Be resourceful.
5. All answers should be written in the module, unless, otherwise specified,
example: sheet of paper or bondpaper
6. All output should be placed in a folder which will serve as your portfolio. It
should be arranged in a sequential order.
7. Seek assistance from your teacher and parents/guardian.
To the Teacher:
1. Communicate with parents and learners regularly for updates and feedback.
2. Make sure that all activities are complied before accepting them.
3. You may contextualize or localize your activity as long as it is still within the
bound of the learning competency.

To the Parents/Guardian:
1. Closely monitor your child’s progress.
2. Do not answer the activities for your child. Just guide them in doing it.
3. Support your child. Talk to him/her about his/her journey with this module.

Icons of this Module

This part contains learning objectives that
What I Need to Know
are set for you to learn as you go along the
Learning Objectives
module.

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 This is an assessment as to your level of
What I Know? knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
Pre-Assessment meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge.

What’s In? This part connects previous lesson with

Review Activity that of the current one.

An introduction of the new lesson through

What’s New?
various activities, before it will be
Motivational Activity
presented to you.

These are discussions as a way to deepen

What is It?
your discovery and understanding of the
Lesson Proper
concept.

These are follow-up activities that are

What’s More?
intended for you to practice further in order
Performance Task
to master the competencies.

What I Have Learned? Activities designed to process what you

Generalization have learned from the lesson.

These are tasks that are designed to show

What I Can Do? case your skills and knowledge gained,
Application and applied into real-life concerns and
situations.

This evaluates your level of mastery in

Assessment
achieving the learning objectives of the
Post-Assessment
lesson.

What I Know

7
PRETEST

Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. It consists of the elite or wealthy families.

a. lower class c. ascribed status
b. upper class d. achieved status

2. It is one in which people are born into their social standing and will remain in it
their whole lives.
a. caste and closed-class system c. middle class
b. open class system d. lower class

3. The individual’s position in the social structure.

a. upper class c. status
b. middle class d. statuses

4. A society’s categorization of people into socioeconomic strata/layer, based on

their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or derived power.
a. vertical mobility c. political stratification
b. horizontal mobility d. social stratification

5. Status earned by the individual.

a. status c. ascribed status
b. achieved status d. statuses

6. The act of moving from one social status to another.

a. social mobility c. social stratification
b. political stratification d. differentiation

7. People in the social class who depend merely on their paycheck.

a. middle class c. upper class
b. lower class d. social class

8. It refers to the evaluation of status.

a. esteem c. differentiation
b. prestige d. stratification

9. The method of relating people in terms of certain social characteristics

and then classifying them into social categories based on their
characteristics.
a. social structure c. differentiation
b. social mobility d. political stratification

10. These are mostly professional people like lawyers, doctors, manager, owners
of small businesses, executives, etc.

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 a. upper class c. lower class
b. social class d. middle class

11. The movement of a person within a social class level.

a. horizontal mobility c. statuses
b. vertical mobility d. status

12. Assigned by the society on the basis of some fixed category.

a. Status c. ascribed status
b. achieved status d. statuses

13. The movement of a person between social class levels or another class
a. horizontal mobility c. vertical mobility
b. upper class d. middle class

14. Individuals can change their social class in the society.

a. caste and closed-class system c. social status
b. social class d. open class system

15. It refers to the assessment of our role behaviour.

a. class c. prestige
b. esteem d. statu

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 Lesson Social Desirables/Social Mobility
System

1
Learning Competency: Examine stratification from the functionalist
and conflict perspectives
(UCSP11/12HSOI--IIc-30)

What’s In

Welcome back! How are you?

Despite of the uncertainties brought by covid-19 pandemic, we strongly

believe that education must continue. Many questions are yet to be answered; many
fears are yet to be faced but we firmly hold on to our hope of a better future through
education. Amidst these challenges, here we are taking baby steps at a time
onwards to reaching our dreams.

Before we move on the main topic of this module, please share below your
learning from the module about Education.

I learned that …
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

1
What’s New

Activity 1: IT’S ME

Identify five (5) traits/characteristics/qualities that you possess and state which of
these you inherited from your parents and which of these you can change as you
grow up.

Inherited from You want to change

Traits/Characteristics/Qualitie parents? when you grow up
(Yes or No) (put a check √ mark)
s
1
2
3
4
5

What Is It

Social and Political Stratification

Differentiation is the method of

relating people in terms of certain social
characteristics and then classifying
them into social categories based on
their characteristics; it does not involve
ranking. For example, we may
differentiate people according to sex,
age, occupation, education, etc. We
then place them in a particular social
category.

The layering of these categories

into higher and lower position of
prestige or respect is called social
Image: https://bit.ly/2Mz7b0Q
stratification.

Social stratification is a society’s categorization of people into

socioeconomic strata/layer, based on their occupation and income, wealth and social
status, or derived power (social and political).

Three Social Classes

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 1. The upper class – consists of the elite or wealthy families who are the most
prolific (productive) in their respective areas. They value heritage most over
wealth.
2. The middle class – these are mostly professional people like lawyers,
doctors, manager, owners of small businesses, executives, etc. They value
education most since education to them is the most important measure of
social status.
3. The lower class – these are the office and clerical workers, skilled and
unskilled craftsman, farm employees, underemployed, indigent families, etc.
They depend on their paycheck.

Status is the individual’s position in the social structure. The higher or lower
positions that come about through social stratification are called statuses. For
example, some people are high government officials while others are salesmen,
utility workers, etc. Statuses do not relate to the individual themselves but rather to
the position into which they have been placed.

Social Desirables

Any rational individual will always aspire for things that give wealth, power,
and prestige. The ability of an individual to realize such aspiration is constrained by
situations where one is born into.

Ascribed statuses are assigned or given by the society or group on the basis
of some fixed category. Examples are sex, family background, ethnicity, etc.

Achieved statuses are earned by the individual. Examples are honours

received in school, good job, award for winning a competition, etc.

Prestige and Esteem

Prestige refers to the evaluation of status. You have prestige according to

your status. For example, being a senior student, you have the prestige of a senior
student at your school. The prestige does not apply directly to you as a person, but
rather to the social category to which you belong (senior class).

Esteem refers to the assessment of our role behaviour. The measure of

esteem we have depends on how well we carry out our role. If you perform well, get
an outstanding rating, you get and have a high esteem.

Political Stratification

Political stratification is the extent to which inequalities are encapsulated in, or

influenced by political structures and processes regarding influence, power and
authority.

3
 Social Mobility System/Structure

Social mobility is the act of moving from one social status to another.

Open class system means that individuals can change their social class in
the society. People are free to gain a different level of education or employment than
their parents. They can also socialize with members of other classes, which allow
people to move from one class to another.

Caste and closed-class system, people can do little or nothing to change

their social standing. People are born into their social standing and will remain in it.
People are assigned occupations regardless of their talents, interests, or potential.

Types of Social Mobility

Horizontal mobility is the movement of a person within a social class level.

For example, a factory worker who finds a new job as a construction worker.

Vertical mobility is the movement of a person between social class levels or

another class. For example, a factory worker who enrols in college and becomes a
businessman.

What’s More

4
Activity 2: STATUS

Based on the concepts in this lesson, list down your ascribed and achieved
status.

No. Ascribed Status No. Achieved Status

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

Activity 3: JUMBLED LETTERS

Answer the questions by arranging the jumbled letters. Place your answers at
the last column.

No. Question Jumbled Letters Answer

1 The individual’s position in the social TTSASU
structure.
2 The movement of a person between social ARETVIC
class levels or another class. TLOBMIIY
3 Status earned by the individual. EDHCAIV
USTTAS
4 People can do little or nothing to change ETSAC
their social standing. YSETMS
5 Individuals can change their social class in PENO LCSSA
the society TEMYSS

What I Have Learned

Activity 4: POWER OF THREE

5
 Briefly explain what you have learned about the three (3) social classes
mentioned in the concept page.

1. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.

2. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.

3. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.

Rubric for the Activity

Criteria Rating
The answer relates entirely to the assigned topic. 5 4 3 2 1
The answer conveys a genuine personal view regarding the 5 4 3 2 1
topic.
The work is original and does not contain plagiarized content. 5 4 3 2 1
Total points (15)

WHAT I CAN DO?

Activity 5: FROM RAGS TO RICHES

6
1. Research one (1) male or female Filipino who has a “rags to riches” life story.
Include on your research his/her ascribed and achieved status in life. If
possible, attached picture/s of this person.
2. Use the space below or a long bondpaper for your answer.

SUMMARY
 Differentiation is the method of relating people in terms of certain social
characteristics and then classifying them into social categories based on their
characteristics; it does not involve ranking.

7
  Social stratification is a society’s categorization of people into socioeconomic
strata/layer, based on their occupation and income, wealth and social status,
or derived power (social and political).

 The three social classes are the upper class, middle class, lower class.

 Status is the individual’s position in the social structure.

 Ascribed status are assigned or given by the society or group on the basis of
some fixed category.

 Achieved statuses are earned by the individual.

 Prestige refers to the evaluation of status. You have prestige according to

your status.

 Esteem refers to the assessment of our role behaviour. The measure of

esteem we have depends on how well we carry out our role.

 Political stratification is the extent to which inequalities are influenced by

political structures and processes regarding influence, power and authority.

 Social mobility is the act of moving from one social status to another.

 Open class system means that individuals can change their social class in the
society.

 Caste and closed-class system, people can do little or nothing to change their
social standing.

 Horizontal mobility is the movement of a person within a social class level.

 Vertical mobility is the movement of a person between social class levels or

another class

ASSESSMENT

POSTTEST

8
Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. It consists of the elite or wealthy families.

a. lower class c. ascribed status
b. upper class d. achieved status

2. It is one in which people are born into their social standing and will remain in it
their whole lives.
a. caste and closed-class system c. middle class
b. open class system d. lower class

3. The individual’s position in the social structure.

a. upper class c. status
b. middle class d. statuses

4. A society’s categorization of people into socioeconomic strata/layer, based on

their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or derived power.
a. vertical mobility c. political stratification
b. horizontal mobility d. social stratification

5. Status earned by the individual.

a. status c. ascribed status
b. achieved status d. statuses

6. The act of moving from one social status to another.

a. social mobility c. social stratification
b. political stratification d. differentiation

7. People in the social class who depend merely on their paycheck.

a. middle class c. upper class
b. lower class d. social class

8. It refers to the evaluation of status.

a. esteem c. differentiation
b. prestige d. stratification

9. The method of relating people in terms of certain social characteristics and

then classifying them into social categories based on their characteristics.
a. social structure c. differentiation
b. social mobility d. political stratification

10. These are mostly professional people like lawyers, doctors, manager, owners
of small businesses, executives, etc.
a. upper class c. lower class
b. social class d. middle class

11. The movement of a person within a social class level.

a. horizontal mobility c. statuses
b. vertical mobility d. status

9
12. Assigned by the society on the basis of some fixed category.
a. Status c. ascribed status
b. achieved status d. statuses

13. The movement of a person between social class levels or another class
a. horizontal mobility c. vertical mobility
b. upper class d. middle class

14. Individuals can change their social class in the society.

a. caste and closed-class system c. social status
b. social class d. open class system

15. It refers to the assessment of our role behaviour.

a. class c. prestige
b. esteem d. status

KEY TO ANSWERS

ACTIVITY 3 JUMBLED WORDS

1. status
2. vertical mobility
3. achieved status
4. caste system
5. open class system
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 KEY TO ANSWERS

PRETEST

1. b 6. a 11. a
2. a 7. b 12. c
3. c 8. b 13. c
4. d 9. c 14. d
5. b 10. d 15. b

POSTTEST

1. b 6. a 11. a
2. a 7. b 12. c
3. c 8. b 13. c
4. d 9. c 14. d
5. b 10. d 15. b

REFERENCE
Antonio P. Contreras, Arleigh Ross D. Dela Cruz, Dennis S. Erasga, Cecile C.
Fadrigon, Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics, Quezon City:
Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2016, 241-247.

Ederlina D. Baleña, Dolores M. Lucero, Arnel M. Peralta, Understanding Culture,

Society, and Politics for Senior High School, Quezon City: Educational
Resources Corporation, 2016, 127-133.

11
"Chapter 9. Social Stratification in Canada – Introduction to Sociology – 1st
Canadian Edition." BC Open Textbooks – Open Textbooks Adapted and
Created by BC Faculty. Last modified November 6, 2014.
https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontosociology/chapter/chapter9-social-
stratification-in-the-united-states/

"8.1 Systems of Stratification – Sociology." Open Textbooks · University of

Minnesota Libraries. Last modified April 8, 2016.
https://open.lib.umn.edu/sociology/chapter/8-1-systems-of-stratification

"Social Mobility | Boundless Sociology." Lumen Learning – Simple Book Production.

Accessed June 14, 2020. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-
sociology/chapter/social-mobility/

Management Team

Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III

Regional Director

Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr. CESO V

Asst. Regional Director

Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, PhD, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

12
 Alicia E. Anghay, PhD, CESE
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent

Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CLMD

Members: Neil A. Improgo, EPS-LRMS

Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr., EPS-ADM
Lorebina C. Carrasco, OIC-CID Chief
Romeo B. Aclo, EPS-Araling Panlipunan
Joel D. Potane, LRMS Manager
Lanie O. Signo, Librarian II
Gemma Pajayon, PDO II

13
For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

DepEd Division of Cagayan de Oro City
Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper Balulang, Cagayan de Oro
Telefax: ((08822)855-0048
E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph
15