Community Engagement,

Solidarity and Citizenship

Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Typologies in the Community
Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Typologies in the Community
First Edition, 2020

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 Community
Engagement, Solidarity
and Citizenship
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Typologies in the Community
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Community, Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship – Grade

12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Typologies in the Community.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or

facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum

while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also

aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into

consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the

body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this

module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to

manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist

the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

1
For the learner:

Welcome to the Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship – Grade

12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Typologies in the Community.

The concept of community has been a great part of our lives since we were
born in this world. It is often used to depict ideas in the social, political, and cultural
landscape of every community. In our community, we create common beliefs,
language and shared interest. Hence, the concept of community in this learning
resource signifies that you as a learner are empowered in our society and can achieve
the relevant lessons that can enhance your knowledge and skills at your own pace
and time. This module will give you exciting and fulfilling activities to understand
your community!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

2
 What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled into process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

3
 What I Need to Know

This module is planned and created to help you as student to understand the

different types of typologies in the community. This will also further help you to

analyze the differences between each of the typologies.

At the end of this module, you will be able to:

Differentiate typologies in communities (HUMSS_CSC12-IIIa-c-6)

a. identify the typologies in communities;

b. compare and contrast typologies in communities; and

c. recognize the different typologies in the community.

4
 What I Know

Part I. Direction: Identify what is being asked. Choose your answer from the box
provided below and write your answer in your notebook.

WORD POOL
Suburban city Urban buildings Rural country
1. An (1) _______________ community is filled with people, (2) ____________ and
different types of transportation.
2. A (3) _____________ community is a smaller town near a larger (4)
____________
3. A (5) ______________ community has open spaces and few homes in the (6)
______________________.
Part II. Write T if the statement if true and write F is it is false. Write your answer
in your notebook.

7. Gemeinschaft, or associational society, refers to human associations

that are characterized by being intimate, informal, caring,
homogenous, and group welfare oriented.
8. Urban, rural, and suburban are typologies based on geographic boundaries
9. A social space is either a geographical or virtual community where people
gather or network with one another due to common interests.
10. Suburban communities are territorial areas or villages where there is a small
low density, and homogenous population
11. It was the German sociologist, Ferdinand Tonnies who elaborated on
Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft in 1887
12. Communities come in different types depending on the quality of human
association, the scope of its geographical boundaries, functions of
subdivisions, and avenues of social interactions.
13. Urban communities are cities or big towns where there is a large, high
density, and heterogeneous population.
14. Voluntary Sector is a term usually reserved for NGOs, faith-based
organizations, or civil society organizations that promote the development of
the full potential of human beings, safeguard their human rights and pursue
socio civic causes for the good of humanity and the environment
15. The boundaries of communities are flexible and can range from local to global.

5
 Lesson
Typologies in the
11 Community
Communities come in different shapes, sizes, and characteristics, thus
resulting into different types.

What’s In

Directions: Arrange the sentences below to create an acronym. Write your answer
in your notebook.

Really a small area

Always a great place to fish or hike
Usually a large population so it can be noisy
Usually open spaces and fields
Like going out for shopping? You need to travel to a town nearby
Residents can take buses or taxis to work
Buildings are close by one another so sometimes people walk
Nightlife is busy because you can go to movies, theaters and restaurants
Rural population numbers are lower than the other area
Best of both worlds, not too small and not too big
Sometimes the neighborhood families play games and do activities together
Not quite as busy as the urban area at night but there are some things to do
A lot of people live here and drive to the cities nearby to their jobs
Unique because it has a small town feel but it still has many goods and
services offered
Buildings are mainly homes and some businesses
Unlike an urban area the population is smaller but not as small as rural
area
Really good for people that like some noise but not a constant noise
Apartments are a popular place to live so the buildings are tall

R- U- S-
U- R- U-
B-
R- B- U-
R-
A- A- B-
A-
L- N- N-

6
 Notes to the Teacher
This module gives a better understanding about the
typologies of community.

What’s New

Direction: Identify the characteristics of each picture and compare and contrast
using the Venn Diagram below. Write your answer in your notebook.

7
 What is It

Very good!

After finishing two activities, it is time for you to read our new lesson. Get your
pen and notebook so that you can jot down important notes while you are reading.
It is important for you to analyze and carefully read the lesson.

Let’s continue the discussion!

Based on the book of (Abenir and Alipao 2016), a community

can be referred to either in terms of geographic boundary, shared
common interest, or emotional and spiritual connection.
Communities come in different types depending on the quality of
human association, the scope of its geographical boundaries,
functions of subdivisions, and avenues of social interaction

Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft are ideal types of social organizations that

were systematically elaborated on by German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies in his
influential work Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft (1887; Community and Society).

Gemeinschaft, or communal society, refers to human associations that are

characterized by being intimate, informal, caring, homogenous, and group welfare
oriented.

Gesellschaft or associational society pertains to human associations that

characterized by being impersonal, formal, rational, heterogenous, and
individualistically oriented. Simply put, gemeinschaft are types of communities that
are governed by informal and loose relationship while gesellschaft are types of
communities that are governed by formal and rigid relationship.

8
 When a community is viewed as a shared political territory and heritage, it
can be classified into three types: urban, rural, and suburban.

CLASSIFICATION OF COMMUNITIES

Urban communities are cities of big

towns where there is a large, highly dense,
and heterogeneous population. There is
not much open space in urban areas for
vegetation, but space is maximized to
build public and private infrastructure
such as houses, business establishments,
road networks, bridges, railways, airports
and the like. The division of labor is
complex, and the people’s occupational
specialization could be industrial,
administrative or professional. The class
status of people is varied ranging from
very rich down to the very poor.

Rural communities are territorial areas

or villages where there is a small, low
density, and homogenous population.
There are lots of open spaces for
vegetation and the natural environment.
The use of available land is often dedicated
for agriculture, and if the community is
near the coast, nearby waters are used for
fisheries. The division is of labor is based
on agricultural or aquatic industries,
supported by farming and fishery
infrastructure.

Suburban are residential or mixed area

located at the city, out skirts or within the
community distance of a city. Most people
work in the cities, but others opt to work
housing subdivisions

9
 The boundaries of communities are flexible and can range from local to global.

CLASSIFICATION OF COMMUNITIES

Local community is a term often used to

denote a geographically bounded
community such as territorial areas,
village, barangay, town, city,
municipality, province, region, or even an
entire country depending on the pointy of
reference.

Global community is a term used to

characterize the interconnectivity of
people or countries all over the world.
Such interconnectivity is made possible
using Internet and information and
communications technology.

Urban, rural, and suburban are typologies based on geographic boundaries.

It is also based on the resulting characteristic boundaries borne out of people’s

interaction with one another, as a result of the kind environment.

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TYPES OF COMMUNITY SECTOR

Public Sector – is a term used to denote

the government and its agencies. This
sector is responsible for promoting the
common good, providing security from
external threats, and maintaining peace
and order.

Private Sector – is used to refer to

businesses or enterprises which are
responsible for producing goods and
services to meet people’s need and wants,
promoting economic growth, and
generating order.

Voluntary Sector also known as non-

profit organization is a term usually
reserved for NGOs, faith-based
organizations, or civil society
organizations that promote the
development of the full potential human
beings, safeguard their human rights and
pursue socio civic causes for the good of
humanity and the environment.

For benefit sector also known as for-

benefit corporations is a hybrid merger of
the characteristics found in private and
public sectors. This sector integrates
social and environmental aims with
business approaches and embodies
features like inclusive governance,
transparent reporting, fair compensation,
environmental responsibility, community
service, and contribution of profits to the
common good. (Fourth Sector Network,
2008)

11
Social Space

A social space is either a geographical or virtual community where people

gather or network with one another due to common interests.

Example:

• For geographically based community, these are public parks, clubs,

gymnasiums, pubs, town square, or any public areas where people
meet and interact with one another.
• For virtual community, social space refers to electronic hubs or forums
where people use the internet and other social media outlets/platforms
as a channel of communication, interaction, and exchange of ideas.

Congratulations, you are done reading facts about this module. Now, let us try to
test how much you have learned! 😊

12
 What’s More

Direction: Match column A to column B. Write the letter of your answer in your
notebook.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. There are lots of open spaces for a. Community sector

vegetation and the natural environment.
2. These are cities or big towns where there b. For benefit corporation
is a large, highly dense, and
heterogeneous population.
3. This term is often used to denote a c. Suburban
geographically bounded community such
as territorial areas, village, barangay,
town, city, municipality, province, region,
or even an entire country depending on
the point of reference.
4. It refers to human associations that are d. Private sector
characterized by being intimate, informal,
caring, homogenous, and group welfare
oriented.
5. It is also known as nonprofit organization e. Social space

6. It is the physical or virtual areas where f. Voluntary sector

people gather and interact with one
another
7. It is used to refer to businesses or g. Gemeinschaft
enterprises which are responsible for
producing goods and services to meet
people’s needs and wants, promoting
economic growth, and generating order.
8. It is a residential or mixed area located at h. Local community
the city outskirts or within the
community distance of a city.
9. It is also known as for-benefit i. Urban
corporation.
10. It refers to the subdivisions of society j. Rural
that represent clusters of social
institutions according to their social,
economic, and political function.
k. Typologies

13
 What I Have Learned

Let us see how far you have learned…

Direction: Answer the following questions based on the facts that you have learned.

1. Enumerate and explain the different types of communities according to:

a. Human associations
b. Geographic boundaries
c. Social space
2. Documentary. You are one of the members of a group of development workers
in a non-government organization (NGO) located in an urban community. You
are tasked by your leader to profile a barangay found on a riverbank. You need
to create an audiovisual/visual or written report of the social, cultural,
political, and economic condition of the said barangay. The report should not
exceed 10 minutes for audiovisual and 250 words for written and it will be
shown to a Filipino philanthropist, who is willing to fund poverty alleviation
projects. Given the limited time, your report should only highlight key social,
cultural, political, and economic problems that need to be addressed and can
be feasibly addressed.

RUBRIC FOR THE ESSAY

Criteria 5 4 3 2 1
The The The situation The The
situation situation and opinion situation situation
Quality of and opinion and opinion were vague and opinion and opinion
Writing given was were and general. given was given was
excellent. informative somehow poorly
and not related organized
organized. to the and not
concepts. related to
the given
concept.
No Few spelling Almost half Every Many
grammatical or of the answer paragraph spelling or
Grammar errors grammatical contains contains grammatical
Usage errors spelling or spelling or errors
grammatical grammatical
error errors.

14
 What I Can Do

Directions: In your notebook, make a short reflection regarding the documentary

made by Paul Roy about the slums in Manila. Focus on the following
details that you may read and learn from the documentary written
below. Identify the reasons why slum communities exist and think of
your own solution to the problems.

In the slums of Manila

By: Paul Roy

In the slums of Manila, inequality is so bad that the worst off have no chance
to protest.

Independent filmmaker Paul Roy recounts his experiences in the Philippines

in the aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan. On 14 November 2013 Typhoon Haiyan,
the most destructive in Filipino history, slammed into the Visayas islands
killing over 6,000 people, injuring tens of thousands and making millions
homeless. International media attention focused squarely on the disaster zone
and it was impossible not to be moved by images of the extraordinary
destruction – ships tossed up onto the shore, entire buildings flattened, the
exodus of the homeless and bodies being buried in mass graves.

While these events were catastrophic and the consequences far-reaching, there
are pernicious and equally destructive forces at work every day in the
Philippines. Affecting people whose plight is equally grim yet usually invisible,
they are covered only sporadically by the media and whose existence the
central government ignores wherever possible – except at election times.

When Typhoon Haiyan struck, I was making a documentary series over six
months in Manila’s infamous Tondo slums – some of the worst in the country.
There are an estimated 4 million slum dwellers (or urban poor as they are often
euphemistically referred to) living in Manila’s sprawling districts. These are the
poorest of the poor, the dispossessed and powerless, squatters packed into
crumbling “temporary” tenements or living in shacks slung under bridges or
hovels built on top of toxic waste dumps.

Life is a daily struggle for these squatters whose families can number 12 or 14,
giving the Philippines having one of the highest birth rates in south-east Asia.
In the most populous Manila slums, such as “Happyland” or “Aroma” –
occupation runs at 75,000-80,000 people per square mile. One of the densest
on earth.

15
This over population is, I believe, in large part due to the Catholic beliefs of
many Filipinos, resulting in a reluctance to use artificial contraception or
education, resulting in fisherman like Gener Pagtabunan and his family to
live a life of poverty. Gener, his wife Lorna and their nine children live in a
narrow alleyway in Beseco slum crowded into a two room shack with a dirt
floor, no running water or toilet, cooking on an open fire. Gener, an economic
refugee from the provinces, struggles to make even a subsistence living
fishing the polluted and unproductive waters of Manila harbour.

“You saw it yourself, right? Nothing, not even one fish. Nothing,” says Gener’s
wife Lorna plaintively as he returns empty-handed for the fourth day in a row
to face the hungry faces of his children. To make ends meet Lorna
painstakingly peels garlic for hours at time earning $US1 for every 15
kilograms. Just enough for one meal for the family. Squatting over a tub of
unpeeled garlic Lorna laments, “Whenever I have a little food, I just divide it
amongst my children because I know it isn’t enough for all of us. I resent
having so many children.”

This conflict between religion and pragmatism is a common dilemma here in

the slums. Informal midwife, Remi, sees it every day as she assists women,
often still in their teens, in the squalid slums. She sees first-hand the cycle
of poverty that having large families creates. “I use family planning myself,
that’s why I only have five kids,” says Remi after a long night spent delivering
yet another baby into the slums. The baby’s parents are young scavengers, it
is their second child and they live in a claustrophobic room almost entirely
filled by a bed and lit only by candle.

“My views conflict with my religion, right?” continues Remi. “The Bible says
contraception is bad – especially ligation. Do you prefer children growing up
with no discipline from their parents or do you follow what the Bible says that
family planning is bad?” Several months earlier coastal Baseco slum was hit
by tropical storm Trami. Not as bad as Haiyan, but bad enough. We tracked
down Gener and his family along with thousands of others who had been
were evacuated to a typhoon shelter. Around them were scenes of chaos as
long lines of the hungry jostled for limited food.

“We’re starving and we don’t have enough money to buy rice,” said Gener
plaintively. “We may as well go home but it’s not safe.” As hundreds milled
around wanting to be first in line if one of the charities donated food, the wife
of Manila’s mayor and former disgraced President Joseph Estrada swept into
the centre accompanied by reporters and camera crews. After a cursory look
around, a few photos and PR grabs, she sat down and ate a substantial
takeaway meal – devoured by the hungry eyes of the homeless.

16
 It was typical of the disconnect between the politicians and the people; typical
of the arrogance of the rich to the powerless and poor who make their living off
the scraps of the well-to-do. But without poor who do the jobs no one else will
– recycling rubbish, cleaning sewers and drains and sweeping the streets – I
suspect that Manila would choke under its own rubbish in a matter of weeks.

But for the Geners of the world there is no chance to protest or bemoan the
inequalities of their world. Consigned by a lack of education and a lack of action
from those who could help, his family is doomed to repeat the cycle of not
enough work, too little income and too many mouths to feed. If the Mayor of
Manila or the Mayor’s wife could be persuaded to have a meal of third grade
rice flavoured only with vinegar with them, perhaps then things might be
different.

Source: https://www.newstatesman.com/world-affairs/2014/09/slums-
manila-inequality-so-bad-worst-have-no-chance-protest

RUBRIC FOR THE ESSAY

Criteria 5 4 3 2 1
The The The situation The The
situation situation and opinion situation situation
Quality of and opinion and opinion were vague and opinion and opinion
Writing given was were and general. given was given was
excellent. informative somehow poorly
and not related organized
organized. to the and not
concepts. related to
the given
concept.
No Few spelling Almost half Every Many
grammatical or of the answer paragraph spelling or
Grammar errors grammatical contains contains grammatical
Usage errors spelling or spelling or errors
grammatical grammatical
error errors.

17
 Assessment

Directions: Supply an appropriate word to make each statement complete. Choose

the answer from the word pool below and write it on your notebook.
WORD POOL
Urban Gemeinschaft Gesellschaft
Public sector local community Rural
Suburban Volunteer Sector community sector
Global community Social space private sector
For benefit sector

________1. It is the other term for associational society.

________2. It is the other term for communal society.
________3. It is a residential or mixed area located at the city outskirts or within the
community distance of a city.
________4. It is either a geographical or virtual community where people gather or
network with one another due to common interests.
________5. There is not much open space in these areas for vegetation, but space is
maximized to build public and private infrastructure such as houses.
________6. It is a term used to denote the government and its agencies. This sector
is responsible for promoting the common good, providing security from
external threats, and maintaining peace and order.
________7. It is a term used to characterize the interconnectivity of people or countries
all over the world.
________8. The use of available land in this community is often dedicated to
agriculture, and if the community is near the coast, nearby waters are used
for fisheries.
________9. It is used to refer to businesses or enterprises which are responsible for
producing goods and services to meet people’s needs and wants, promoting
economic growth, and generating order.
________10. It is known as nonprofit organization.
________11. It is a term often used to denote a geographically bounded community
such as territorial areas, village, barangay, town, city, municipality,
province, region, or even an entire country depending on the point of
reference.
________12. This sector integrates social and environmental aims with business
approaches and embodies features like inclusive governance, transparent
reporting, fair compensation, environmental responsibility, community
service, and contribution of profits to the common good.
________13. It refers to the subdivisions of society that represent clusters of social
institutions according to their social, economic, and political function.

18
 19
Assessment:
What I have Learned: 1. Gemeinschaft
2. Gesellschaft
1. Gemeinschaft 3. Suburban
Gesellschaft 4. Social space
5. Urban
2. Urban
6. Public sector
Rural 7. Global community
Sub-urban 8. Rural
9. private sector
3. Geographic
10.Volunteer Sector
4. virtual 11.local community
12.community sector
13.for benefit sector
What’s More: What I Know:
A.
1. Rural
1. Urban
2. Urban Buildings
3. Local community 2. Suburban
City
4. Gemeinshaft 3. Rural
5. Voluntary sector Country
B.
6. Social space
7. F
7. Private sector 8. T
8. Suburban 9. T
10. F
9. For benefit group 11. T
10.Community sector 12. T
13. T
14. T
15. T
Answer Key
 20
Competencies. Community Engagement Solidarity and Citizenship
Department of Education - Philippines. 2020. Most Essential Learning
Guide. Community Engagement Solidarity and Citizenship
Department of Education - Philippines. 2016. K to 12 Senior High School Curriculum
1st ed. Manila: Diwa Publishing House Inc., pp.52-54.
Abenir, M. and Alipao, F., 2016. Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship.
References
What’s In?
Really a small area
Usually open spaces and fields
Rural population numbers are lower than the other area
Always a great place to fish or hike
Like going out for shopping? You need to travel to a town nearby
Usually a large population so it can be noisy
Residents can take buses or taxis to work
Buildings are close by one another so sometimes people walk
Apartments are a popular place to live so the buildings are tall
Nightlife is busy because you can go to movie, theaters and restaurants
Sometimes the neighborhood families play games and do activities together
Unlike an urban area the population is smaller but not as small as rural area
Best of both worlds, not too small and not too big
Unique because it has a small town feel but it still has many goods and
services offered
Really good for people that like some noise but not a constant noise
Buildings are mainly home and some businesses
A lot of people live here and drive to the cities nearby to their jobs
Not quite as busy as the urban area at night but there are somethings to do
Answer Key
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph