AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

Subject Aux. Verb Subject Aux.+not Verb Aux. Subject Verb

Present Simple I, you, they play I, you, they do not play Do I, you, they play?
infinitive /-s


(don't)

do + infinitive He/She/It plays He/She/It does not play Does he/she/it play?
(doesn't)

Past Simple I, you, they, I, you, they, did not I, you, they,
played play Did play?
-ed he, she, it he, she, it (didn't) he, she, it
did + infinitive
Present I am ('m) I am not ('m not) Am I

you, we, they are not ('aren't)

Continuous you, we, they are ('re) playing playing Are you, we, they playing?

to be (present) he,she, it is

('s) he,she, it is not (isn't) Is he,she, it

+ verb(ing)

Past I, he, she, it was I, he, she, it was not Was I, he, she, it
Continuous

playing
(wasn't) playing

to be (past) We, you, were We, you,

playing?
were not Were We, you,
+ verb(ing) they they (weren't)

they

Present Perfect I, you, they have I, you, they have not Have I, you, they
('ve) ('haven't)
Simple

played

played

played?
have He/She/It has He/She/It has not Has he/she/it
('s) ('hasn't)
+ verb (-past part.)

Past Perfect I, you, they, I, you, they,

had played had not played I, you, they, played?
Simple he, she, it he, she, it Had
(hadn't)
had

he, she, it
+ verb (-past part.)

Simple Future I, you, they, I, you, they, will not play I, you, they,
will play Will play?
Will + infinitive he, she, it he, she, it (won't) he, she, it

 S P E L L I N G R U L E S

-S -ING -ED
If the verb ends in...
ends in...
If the verb If the verb ends in...

Consonant + y → + -ies* -y → + -ing: -e → add -e

Study → Studies Study → studying Smile → smiled

-‘s’, ‘sh’, ‘ch’, x’ → + -e -e → -e + -ing: short vowel+ consonant →

Pass → Passes write → writing double the consonant
Beg → begged

Have →
has -ie → change i to y + ing
Do →
Does die → dying Stressed vowel + consonant →
→
Go Goes

double the consonant
Stressed vowel + consonant
Prefer → preferred
→ double the consonant:
→
*DO NOT apply this rule if the verb run → running Consonant + y + -ied*
ends in vowel + y: →
Study Studied
Say Says →

*DO NOT apply this rule if the verb
ends in vowel + y:
→
Play Played