AAA Written analysis base

AAA Notes, clarifications

AAA Key elements
According to structure, this is a ___ sentence because it is made up of ___.
- SIMPLE: one main clause (cite entire sentence)
- COMPLEX: two clauses, a main clause (cite entire sentence), and a
subordinate clause embedded in the prior one…
- COMPOUND: two clauses, a main clause (cite entire sentence), and a
coordinating clause embedded in the prior one…
- COMPOUND-COMPLEX: three clauses, a main clause (cite entire sentence), a
subordinate clause embedded in the main one…, and a coordinating clause
embedded in the prior one… (could be more).

In terms of its syntactic type, it is a ___ sentence. ONLY CLASSIFY MAIN CLAUSE!
- DECLARATIVE
- NON-DECLARATIVE
- INTERROGATIVE
- IMPERATIVE
- EXCLAMATIVE

According to meaning or its discourse function, this is a ___.

- STATEMENT (affirmative, negative)
- QUESTION
- DIRECTIVE
- EXCLAMATIVE

The category functioning as Subject of the sentence is that of a ___ (phrase) and its
Head is ___.
- NOUN: common/proper, uncountable/countable (state if singular or plural, w/
BIM), concrete/abstract (if A, not marked for case). If it contains ‘s, it is
inflected for the genitive case.
- PRONOMINAL:
- GENITIVE (belonging): mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs
- NOMINAL (subject of sentence): I, you, he, she, it, we, they, who
 - ACCUSATIVE (is being done to): me, you, him, her, it, us, them, whom
- POSSESSIVE DETERMINER (identifies things): my, your, his, her, its, our, their
- RECIPROCAL: Each other, one another
- REFLEXIVE: Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourself, themself
- INDEFINITE: Any, every, no, somebody/one/thing, another, few
- DEMONSTRATIVE: This, that, these, those
- QUANTIFIERS (How many of…): All, some, enough, less, more, a lot of, no,
any, most, lots of, less, plenty, heaps, load, tons
- COUNT: Many, each, either, few, several, both, neither, few, couple,
100s, 1000s, every
- UNCOUNT: Much, bit, little, deal
- SPECIFIC DETERMINER: The (definite article), possessive, demonstratives
(this, that, these, those), which (interrogative)
- GENERAL DETERMINER (Unknown reference): A/an (indefinite article), any,
another, other, what (interrogative)
- PREPOSITIONAL: ALWAYS begins with a preposition. (in, at, on, since, for, from…
to, until, by, towards, across, through, between, among, of, with, about)
- ADJECTIVAL: Gradable/ungradable, state if inflected
- CLAUSE (that, wh-, if): Special case where the clause is at the beginning of the
phrase. The scope is at subject position in wh-word phrases.

ONLY 1 THING IS MODIFIED FOR TENSE

!! Take into account smth important: MODALS INFLECT FOR PAST TENSE. Can/could,
may/might, must, shall/should, will/would
If there is a perfective/progressive form, remember to add the auxiliary analysis

The rest of the sentence is its Predicate. The Head of the verb phrase in the Predicate
is the verb ___ a regular/irregular single/multiple-word lexical verb.
___ is semantically classified as a ___-argument verb and it is syntactically
classified as an ___transitive verb (mono, di (these need DO and IO, usually DO has
Big PRO, so it is co-indexed with IO, and goes through object control), if IT, of
incomplete [needs complement for meaning] /complete [emission, manner,
motion] predication). In this sentence, the verb ___ is a finite verb, inflected for ___
tense (through the attachment of the bound inflectional morpheme –ed (___ed)) /
is in its bare infinitival/to-infinitival/gerundial non-finite form.

If it is a TO-INF FORM, remember to add that TO is an infinitive particle

The ___ clause is a ___-noun/pronominal/adverbial,etc Clause, and functions as

the [Complement/Direct Object, Predicative complement, etc.] for the main clause.
___ is a complementizer that subordinates/coordinates (if coord, and is cumulative,
or is alternative, and but is adversative) the clauses, and it is in finite/non-finite form.
- WH:
- Adverbial: why, where, when
- Pronominal (replaces a noun): which, who, what
- Determiner (modifies a noun): which, whose
- Analyze the SUBJECT of the clause, any other elements, then The rest of the
clause is its Predicate. Then, analyze VERB PHRASE. Then, check any C/DO
within the clause, Adjuncts, etc.
● THAT NC ARE ALWAYS FINITE. If a that clause has a non-finite form inside, it does
not. THAT here functions as a specific determiner
● IF NC is always finite
● Whether and WH- may not be finite
IF THE CLAUSE IS NON FINITE: Non-finite bare/to-infinitival/gerundial noun clause
(gerundial, if at the beginning, not-coindexed, as Big PRO has arbitrary reference. It
refers to people in general), co-indexed into ___ (the subject of the main clause,
etc.). Its subject is… (The usual is NO SUBJECT, BIG PRO. It shares grammatical
features with ___, in person, number, gender (fem/masc/common), except for case,
as subject is unpronounced, the case is null) [If it is WH-CLAUSE: … that originates as
___ in its extraction site, and is placed in ___ position, its landing site, to have scope
over the other elements, as it is an operator.] [Analyze elements]
IF THERE IS A PHRASAL VERB, G-T FUTURE, OTHER LONG FORMS: Periphrasal (future)
construction, made up of several elements to indicate ___. [Analyze elements]

● LAC: ___ is a ___(prepositional, nominal, etc. phrase) functioning as Locative

Adverbial Complement. [Analyze its elements, remember there is a
Complement here.]
● Predicative Complement: Followed by ITIV, as they have NO DO, but they do
require either this or a LAC.
● Pre/Postmodifier: ___ is a ___(prepositional, nominal, etc. phrase)
functioning as Pre/Postmodifier of the Head/___.
● Adverbial Adjunct…: (Non required elements) ___ is a ___(prepositional,
nominal, etc. phrase) functioning as Adverbial Adjunct of ___. [Analyze its
elements.]
○ Locative
○ Time
○ Manner
○ Degree
○ Frequency
○ Negation: Not is an easy example. If it is contracted (n’t), cliticised into
the ___.
○ Reason
○ Probability

★ They are RIGHT IN that he…: Right in is a PRED COMPLEMENT, and THAT HE… is
ALSO a PRED COMPLEMENT
★ Was CURIOUS ABOUT that…: Was is ITIV, so CURIOUS is an adjectival phrase, and
about is a preposition - both are complements. CURIOUS MODIFIES VERB, AND
ABOUT MODIFIES CURIOUS, AND THE CLAUSE IS MODIFIED BY ABOUT.
★ If ADJ, may be followed by ONE/ONES, which are pronouns

★ Elements receive case from another element in the same clause. However,
sometimes it is receiving case from outside, known as Exceptional Case
Marking.
★ BIM can be for number, gender, possessive, person, comparative/superlative,
tense, aspect, voice. BDM is a change in category or meaning