Grade 5 - ENGLISH

4th QUARTER - WEEK 1 to 3

PHRASES and SENTENCES
Lesson Objectives

Define phrases and sentences

Enumerate and explain the types of phrases
Give an example of a sentence and phrase
 SENTENCES
SENTENCES are group of words that can stand alone and have
complete thoughts.

Examples:

The house in the forest is old and weak.

We were greeted by a very rainy morning.
She loves reading books every night and day.
Kai gave me a big teddy bear on my birthday.
 PHRASES

PHRASES are group of words that cannot stand alone and don’t
have complete thoughts. They can be written as a noun, verb,
adverb, adjective, or preposition in a sentence. The function of a
phrase is based entirely on its structure.
 TYPES OF PHRASE
NOUN PHRASE

It functions like a noun in a sentence with all its other determiners

that modify the noun. The noun is the headword of the sentence
and others are put after or before the noun.

Noun Phrase = noun + modifiers

 TYPES OF PHRASE
NOUN PHRASE EXAMPLES

She is wearing a white dress. (as noun/object)

She bought herself a watch. (as noun/object)

The house with cobwebs is abandoned. (as noun/subject)

A man on the roof was shouting. (as noun/subject)

 TYPES OF PHRASE

ADJECTIVE PHRASE

It functions, along with its modifiers, as an adjective in a sentence.

 TYPES OF PHRASE
ADJECTIVE PHRASE EXAMPLES

He is wearing a strong flowery perfume. (modifies perfume)

Cinderella looked gorgeous in her white gown. (modifies cinderella)

He gave me a glass full of wine. (modifies glass)

A boy from Australia won the race. (modifies boy)

 TYPES OF PHRASE
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE

They are are the most commonly used phrases. The prepositional
phrase always begins with a preposition and noun and pronoun are
its objects.

Note that prepositional phrases and participle phrases also serve

as adjectives so we can also consider them adjective phrases.
 TYPES OF PHRASE

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE EXAMPLES

The women in suffocating attire looked tired and annoyed.

He sat by the rushing river to write his poem.

Let me go to the room.

 TYPES OF PHRASE
PARTICIPIAL PHRASE

This phrase begins with a past or present participle followed by its

modifiers and determiners.

Note that prepositional phrases and participle phrases also serve

as adjectives so we can also consider them adjective phrases.
 TYPES OF PHRASE

PARTICIPIAL PHRASE EXAMPLES

Feeling the fresh air, Jim realised that he had reached the valley.

The enemies, trapped by the soldiers, threw down their guns.

 TYPES OF PHRASE
GERUND PHRASE
Gerund phrases might look like a participle phrase as they, too, begin with the -ing
form of the verb along with its object and modifiers. But, the gerund phrase always
serves as a noun in a sentence and not as an adjective. Like other nouns, a gerund
phrase can act as the subject of a sentence, the object of a verb or preposition, or
complementary of a linking verb.

EXAMPLE:
Riding the Spanish bulls, terrified Hugh.
 TYPES OF PHRASE
INFINITIVE PHRASE
An infinitive phrase has an infinitive (for example, to sleep, to have walked, to
consider, to throw) along with its objects and modifiers. Infinitive phrases usually
serve as nouns, though they can also be used as adjectives and adverbs.

EXAMPLE:
To dance freely was his only wish.
The teachers didn’t want to take severe action.
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