P452 Poster Presentations: P1
P1-256 MEMORY DIFFICULTIES AND SITTING SCREEN
TIME IN THE ELDERLY
Richard F. Gillum1,2, Julius S. Ngwa3, Isaac M.E. Dodd3,
Thomas O. Obisesan3, 1Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC,
USA; 2Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA;
3
Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
Contact e-mail: isaac.dodd@bison.howard.edu
Background: Lack of physical activity and exercise is associated
with poorer memory and a greater risk of dementia and mortality
in the elderly. Daily hours spent sitting or viewing TV is associ-
ated with adverse physical health outcome and mortality. Studies
associating sitting and memory are lacking. We examined data
from a national US survey to evaluate the hypothesis that
increased daily sitting hours is associated with greater prevalence
of difficulty with memory and confusion in persons aged 60
years and over. Methods: In NHANES 2005-2006 survey, partici-
pants were asked the following: (1) “{Are you/Is SP} limited in
any way because of difficulty remembering or because {you/s/
he} experience{s} periods of confusion?” (2) “Over the past 30
days, on average about how many hours per day did {you/SP} sit
and watch TV or videos?” (3) “Over the past 30 days, on average
about how many hours per day did {you/SP} use a computer or
play computer games?” TV/video and computer hours were
summed to estimate sitting screen-hours. We assessed the associa-
tion of sitting screen-hours and memory/confusion in persons aged
60 years and over. Results: Among 1,356 persons with complete
data, 194 (14%) reported limitations due to memory/confusion.
The median number of screen-hours was 3 per day. Among persons
with memory/confusion problems, the mean screen-hours was 3.28
compared to 3.10 in others (p¼0.27). In a logistic regression model
controlling for age, gender, race and fair/poor health status, screen-
hours was not significantly associated with memory/confusion
problems: odds ratio 1.04 (95% confidence interval 0.96-1.13). Per-
sons with >3 screen-hours per day had odds ratio of 1.16 (0.84-
1.59) relative to others. Conclusions: In persons aged 60 and over,
more hours sitting before a screen was not significantly associated
with more difficulty with memory/confusion. Studies in larger sam-
ples may be warranted.
P1-257 OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA AND
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC
REVIEW AND META-ANALYTIC APPROACH
Omonigho Michael Bubu, Ovie Utuama, Ogie Queen Umasabor-Bubu,
Skai Schwartz, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
Contact e-mail: obubu@health.usf.edu
Background: Evidence from several epidemiologic studies
suggest that apnea recurrence and nocturnal hypoxemia may be
a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in Obstructive Sleep
apnea (OSA) patients, however, the magnitude of the risk is un-
clear. In that regard, a systematic review and meta-analysis to
quantify the effect of OSA on AD, cognitive decline or dementia
was conducted. Methods: We searched four bibliographic data-
bases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the
Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, from their
onset until and including November, 2014 and identified orig-
inal published literature assessing any association of Obstruc-
tive Sleep apnea with AD, or cognitive decline. Pooling of
the effect estimates of the individual studies and calculations
of relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) was
done using random effects models. The population attributable
risk (PAR) was also estimated. Egger’s regression coefficient
and visual inspection of the funnel plot was used to assess pub-
lication bias. I-square statistics quantified heterogeneity across
studies, and multivariable meta-regression analysis examined
the effect of possible influential factors (sex, mean age, sample
size and study quality). Results: Twenty-five publications that
met the selection and final inclusion/exclusion criteria for the
study were included in the systematic review. Collectively, sig-
nificant evidence exist and show that OSA is associated with
AD, cognitive decline and AD pathology. Altogether, 7 observa-
tional studies (n ¼ 13,328 participants) that provided 26 RR esti-
mates were included for the meta-analysis. Results showed that
OSA increased AD, or cognitive decline by 70% (RR: 1.70,
95% CI: 1.25-2.31), and almost 3% of AD could be attributed
to OSA. I-square was 72% suggesting heterogeneity, however,
this was not explained by the subgroup meta-analyses. None of
the studied factors in the meta-regression analysis significantly
influenced the effect size between OSA and AD. Conclusions:
This meta-analysis substantiated the association between OSA
and AD and, for the first time, quantified its magnitude. Since
OSA is of increasing concern in the population, these findings
are of interest for both AD researchers and caregivers.
P1-258 POST-MENOPAUSAL HORMONE THERAPY AND
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: A PROSPECTIVE
COHORT STUDY
Bushra Imtiaz1, Anna-Maija Tolppanen1, Hilkka Soininen1,
Miia Kivipelto2, Marjo Tuppurainen3, Heikki Kr€oger3, 1University of
Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; 2Karolinska Institute, Stockholm,
Sweden; 3Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Contact e-mail: bushra.imtiaz@uef.fi
Background: Association between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and
type and duration of use of post-menopausal hormone therapy
(HT) is vague. We explored this interplay by using two different
methodologies for data collection i.e. self-administered question-
naires and register-based data in the same cohort while control-
ling for various life-style and socio-demographic variables.
Methods: This study is based on 20 years follow-up (1989-2009)
of Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk factor and Prevention (OSTPRE)
study cohort. First self-administered questionnaire was sent in
1989 to all women resident of Kuopio province Eastern Finland,
aged 47-56 years. It was followed by a new questionnaire every
5th year till 2009. Data on use of self-reported HT was calculated
as number of months of use per year since 1989-2009. While regis-
tered based information on HT was available since 1995 from Na-
tional prescription register. AD cases diagnosed according to
NINCS-ADRDA and DSM-IV criteria were identified from special
reimbursement register since 1999-2009. While data on life-style
and socio-demographic variables was collected in all question-
naires. Results: Long term use of post-menopausal HT i.e. >10
years was found to be protective against incident AD (HR /95%
CI) (0.47/0.28-0.80). However no specific type or duration of HT
was associated with AD significantly. Results were almost similar
when results on use of estrogen were compared between registers
and self-administered questionnaires. Among other risk factors:
older age, lack of occupation and smoking increased likelihood
of AD while high physical activity and higher education was pro-
tective against AD. Conclusions: Our findings support protective