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Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter Notes

1. The document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts in physics including cathode rays, the photoelectric effect, photosensitive substances, Einstein's photoelectric equation, de Broglie's relation, and Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. 2. Important experiments discussed include Millikan's oil drop experiment, which established that electric charge is quantized, and the photoelectric effect, in which electrons are emitted from surfaces when illuminated by light. 3. Key terms defined include work function, the minimum energy required for an electron to escape a metal surface, and de Broglie wavelength, the wavelength of a matter wave according to de Broglie's relation.

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445 views1 page

Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter Notes

1. The document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts in physics including cathode rays, the photoelectric effect, photosensitive substances, Einstein's photoelectric equation, de Broglie's relation, and Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. 2. Important experiments discussed include Millikan's oil drop experiment, which established that electric charge is quantized, and the photoelectric effect, in which electrons are emitted from surfaces when illuminated by light. 3. Key terms defined include work function, the minimum energy required for an electron to escape a metal surface, and de Broglie wavelength, the wavelength of a matter wave according to de Broglie's relation.

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sojakoj867
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FIITJEE LTD

NARAYANGUDA
PHYSICS-II
IPE NOTES - 2023

CHAPTER 12
DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS


1. What are “cathode rays”?
Ans. The cathode rays, discovered by William Crookes, consisted of streams of fast moving
negatively charged particles emerging from a cathode in a discharge tube.

2. What important fact did Millikan’s experiment establish?


Ans. Millikan’s oil-drop experiment established (i) the precise measurement of the charge on an
electron. He found that the charge on an oil-droplet was always an integral multiple of an
elementary charge, 1.602 × 10–19 C. (ii) that electric charge is quantised.

3. What is “work function”?


Ans. The minimum energy required by an electron to escape from the metal surface is called the
work function of the metal. It is generally denoted by φ0 and measured in eV (electron volt).

4. What is “photoelectric effect”


Ans. The phenomenon of emission of electrons (photoelectrons) from the surfaces of
photosensitive substances like lithium, is called photoelectric effect.

5. Give examples of “photosensitive substances”. Why are they called so?


Ans. Alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, caesium and rubidium that are sensitive
even to visible light are examples of photosensitive substances.
These are called so as they emit electrons when they are illuminated by light.
6. Write down Einstein’s photoelectric equation.
Ans. Einstein’s photoelectric equation:
K max  h  o , where h is Planck’s constant and  the frequency of light and o is the work-
function.

7. Write down de Broglie’s relation and explain the terms therein.


h h
Ans. de Broglie relation is    where p is the momentum, m is the mass of the particle and
p mv
v its speed. The wavelength λ of the matter wave is called de Broglie wavelength.
De Broglie's relation explains the wave nature of matter

8. State Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle.


Ans. According to the Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, it is not possible to measure both the
position and momentum of an electron (or any other particle) at the same time exactly. There
is always some uncertainty (Δx) in the specification of position and some uncertainty (Δp) in
the specification of momentum.

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