Introduction

Agriculture plays a significant role in the Philippines’ economy, which

consists of forestry, crop production, livestock farming, and aquaculture
cultivation, with an estimated 32% percent of total area within the archipelago.
According to Philippines National Statistics Office of (2021), GDP from
agriculture in the country averaged Php154,672.23 million from 2008 until 2020,
reaching an all-time high of Php 439,734.00 million in the first quarter of 2020. As
the COVID pandemic strikes the country, it might not or other way surpass the
2019’s 8.82 percent share of agriculture in the Philippines' gross domestic
product (O’Neill, 2021).
Livestock and poultry make up two of the most important subsectors in the
Philippines' agricultural products. According to Sanchez (2020), hogs and
chicken were the most common reared animals for human consumption making
up a majority of the production volume of livestock in the Philippines. In 2009, the
Php 160 billion hog industry is the second largest contributor to Philippine
agriculture, next to rice (Lapus, 2009).
According to Buetre (1987), entitled “Economic analysis of hog production
in selected southern Tagalog provinces [in Philippines] in 1984”, larger farms
were more productive compared to medium and small-scale farms. Since they
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were proven successful in lowering costs, despite seeing higher export prices but
lower production costs. Because of these disparities, large farms were the most
lucrative.