Gland Characteristics Functions

1.Hypothalamus -a bilateral collection of -controls many

nuclei divided into three processes in our body,
zones surrounding the including our mood,
third ventricle and the hunger and thirst, sleep
mammillary bodies. patterns and sexual
-about the size of an function.
almond, is located below
the thalamus and above
your pituitary gland. It
sits directly above the
brainstem at the base of
your brain.
2.Pituitary Gland -is a small, pea-sized -It regulates growth,
gland located at the base metabolism, and
of your brain below your reproduction through
hypothalamus. the hormones that it
-It’s located behind the produces.
nose at the base of the -The main function of
brain. your pituitary gland is to
produce and release
several hormones that
help carry out important
bodily functions.
3.Pineal Gland -it is solid, pine cone -to receive information
shaped, of red-grey color, about the state of the
approximately 5–9 mm in light-dark cycle from the
length and 1–5 mm in environment and convey
width. It weighs 100–180 this information by the
mg. production and
-attached to the secretion of the
posterior part of the 3rd hormone melatonin.
ventricle, between the
posterior commissure
and the dorsal habenular
commissure
4.Thyroid Gland -about 2-inches long and - control the speed of
lies in front of your your metabolism
throat below the (metabolic rate), which
prominence of thyroid is the process of how
cartilage sometimes your body transforms
called the Adam’s apple. the food you consume
-The thyroid gland is a into energy.
ductless endocrine gland
situated in the
anterior/front portion of
the neck. It roughly
 resembles the shape of a
butterfly
5.Parathyroid -are two pairs of small, -plays a role in
oval-shaped glands. They regulating the body’s
are located next to the blood level of calcium
two thyroid gland lobes and phosphorus.
in the neck. Each gland is
usually about the size of
a pea.
6.Adrenal -also known as -produce hormones that
suprarenal glands, are help regulate your
small, triangular-shaped metabolism, immune
glands located on top of system, blood pressure,
both kidneys. response to stress and
-There are two adrenal other essential functions
glands, one on top of
each kidney. The outer
part of each gland is the
adrenal cortex and the
inner part is the adrenal
medulla.
7.Thymus - a soft gland with two -responsible for
lobes. producing and maturing
-the location of your lymphocytes, or immune
thymus gland is in your cells.
upper chest behind your
breastbone (sternum). It
sits between your lungs
in a part of your chest
called the mediastinum.
Your thymus is just in
front of and above your
heart.
8.Pancreas -is an abdominal organ -creates natural juices
located behind the called pancreatic
stomach and surrounded enzymes to break down
by spleen, liver and small foods.
intestine. - It is a vital part of the
-The pancreas is located digestive system and is
behind the stomach in responsible for
the upper left abdomen regulating blood sugar
-located across the back levels. The pancreas
of the belly, behind the secretes digestive
stomach. The right side enzymes such as
of the organ—called the amylase, proteases and
head—is the widest part lipase into the
of the organ and lies in duodenum.
 the curve of the
duodenum, the first
division of the small
intestine.
9.Ovary -solid, ovoid structure
about the size and shape
of an almond, about 3.5
cm in length, 2 cm wide,
and 1 cm thick.
-The ovaries are located
in shallow depressions,
called ovarian fossae,
one on each side of the
uterus, in the lateral
walls of the pelvic cavity.
10.Testes -are two oval-shaped
organs in the male
reproductive system.
-contain very fine-coiled
tubes, called
seminiferous tubules and
are covered with tough
membrane, tunica
albuginea.
11.Placenta(during -disklike in shape, 3 cm
pregnancy) thick, and about 20 cm in
diameter. A typical
placenta weighs about
500 g. The fetal side of
the placenta is shiny
because of the apposed
amniotic membrane. The
maternal side of the
placenta is dull and is
subdivided into as many
as 35 lobes.
-The placenta attaches to
the wall of the uterus,
and the baby’s umbilical
cord arises from it.
-These hormones play
an important role in
female traits, such as
breast development,
body shape, and body
hair. They are also
involved in the
menstrual cycle, fertility,
and pregnancy.
-responsible for making
sperm and are also
involved in producing a
hormone called
testosterone.
-to produce sperm and
to produce hormones,
particularly
testosterone.
-provides oxygen and
nutrients to a growing
baby. It also removes
waste products from the
baby’s blood.
-The placenta produces
oestrogen, which helps
to soften tissues and
make them more
flexible.