REVIEWER FOR X RAY COMPANY

AFP History
AFP - Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas, Fuerzas Armadas de Filipinas
Lapu-lapu – Father of AFP.
General Emilio Aguinaldo – First President of the Philippines.
General Artemio Ricare – First Captain (Commanding General) died 1945.
General Antoinio Luna – Minister of war and Director of Operations.
1897 - The origin of the ARMED FORCES OF THE PHILIPPINES (AFP) in Tejeros Convention.
1910 – Existence of PA as coherent fighting force.
1935 – The commonwealth of the Philippines was inaugurated.
December 8, 1941 – WW II broke out in the Philippines.
1960s – PA was utilized as a national Defense Force and as a Nation Builder.
Sept. 21, 1972 – Proclamation of Martial Law in the Philippines by President Marcos.
1986 – The People Power Revolution.

AFP Organization
December 23, 1950 - Philippine Army subsequently became the Armed Forces of the Philippines with
four (4) major services namely: Philippine Army, Philippine Air Force, Philippine Navy and the
Philippine Constabulary.

AFP Headquarters - Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City.

Philippine Army - Fort Bonifacio, Metro Manila.
Philippine Navy - Naval Station Jose Andrada, City of Manila.
Philippine Air Force - Colonel Jesus Villamor Air Base, Pasay City.

Mission of AFP
 To uphold the sovereignty, support the constitution and defend the territory of the Republic of the
Philippines against all enemies, both foreign and domestic,
 To advance the National Aims Interest and Policies,
 To effectively plan for the Organization, Maintenance, Development and Employment of its
active and reserve forces for National Security,
 To perform other duties as the President may direct.
Mission of ARMY
• To organized, train, and equip army forces for the conduct of prompt and sustain combat
operation on land,
• To develop tactics, doctrine, procedures, techniques and equipment needed by the army for the
field operation,
• To train organize and equip all army serve units and make them mobilized in lesser span of time.
• To perform other duties as the President may direct
Mission of Navy
• To organize, train, and equip, maintain and operate naval force and naval air craft including naval
reserve, and assistance, required by the other component of the AFP to accomplish the mission,
• To assist government agencies in the enforcement of laws and regulations pertaining to
navigation, emigration, customs, revenue opium quarantine fishing and neutrality in the territorial
and contiguous water of the Philippines
• To develop doctrine, procedures, and naval equipment of joint operation
• To be responsible for the naval phases of the reconnaissance anti-submarine to warfare and the
protection of shipping.
 • To perform other duties as the President may direct
Mission of Air Force
• To Organize, train and equip air forces prompt and sustained operation in the air,
• To Organize, train and equip air forces close support of ground forces,
• To develop, doctrines, procedures, tactics, techniques and equipment for joint operation peculiar
to the air force
• To furnish aerial photograph for cartographic purpose
• To perform other duties as the President may direct
Military Courtesy and Discipline
Military Courtesy – is an act of politeness, civility, and respect; wholesome relationship between Juniors
and Seniors.
Salute – Most important form of military courtesy.
Military Discipline – demands habitual but reasoned obedience to command.
Training - Develops habit of prompt obedience to orders.

How Discipline is measured:

♦ result of the job
♦ subordinate’s attitude
♦ performance of jobs even in the absence of the commander

Military Professionalism
“Men who adopt the profession of arms submit their own free will to a law of perpetual constraint. At
their own accord they reject the right to live where they choose, to say what they think, to dress as they
like. From the moment they become soldiers, it needs but an order to settle them in this place, to move
them to that, to separate them from their families and dislocate their normal lives. On the word of
command, they must rise, march, run, endure bad weather, go without sleep or food, be isolated in some
distant post, and work till they drop. They have ceased to be the masters of their fate. If they drop in their
tracks, if their ashes are scattered to the four winds that is all part and parcel of their job.”

Core Values
CORE PHILOSOPHY – Central or the most important guiding doctrine, principles, beliefs or values.

Core Philosophy:
 Love of Country
 Valor
 Honor
 Duty
 Loyalty
 Solidarity

Military Leadership
Military Leadership – is the art of influencing others to accomplish the mission by providing purpose,
direction and motivation.

Roles of a Military Leader:

 a model soldier and commander
 an instructor
 a personal technician
 a counselor
 a custodian of men’s welfare

11 principles of Leadership
 Know yourself and seek self-improvement.
 Be technically and tactically proficient.
 Seek responsibility and take responsibility for your actions.
 Make timely and sound decisions.
 Set the example.
  Know your soldier and look out for their welfare
 Keep your subordinate informed.
 Develop a sense of responsibility in your subordinate.
 Ensure that the task is understood, supervised and accomplished.
 Train your men as a team.
 Employ your unit in accordance with its capabilities.

3 Types of a Leader
 authoritative
 participative
 delegative

Traits of a Military Leader

 bearing  judgment  flexibility
 courage  justice  confidence
 decisiveness  knowledge  coolness under stress
 dependability  loyalty  self-improvement
 endurance  unselfishness  assertiveness
 enthusiasm  maturity  empathy / compassion
 initiative  will
 integrity  self-discipline
 sense of humor  creativity
 humility
Signal Communication
Signal Communication – is a method or means or a combination thereof of conveying information from
one person or place to another except direct conversation.
Means of Signal Communication – is a medium by which information is conveyed from one person or
place to another.
Agency of Signal Communication – is a facility which embraces the personnel and equipment necessary
to provide signal communication by any means or a combination thereof.

MEANS OF SIGNAL COMMUNICATION

a.   Physical communication means:
 Messenger - is the oldest and relatively most secure means of communication and may be
classified into special and scheduled messenger service.
 Trained Animals - although the AFP does not use this means of communication, its use is not
precluded. This means it makes use of the ability of some animals to find their way back from
relatively extended distances and from strange places.
 Mail - although this is considered as another means of physical communication, this is not
controlled by the communicators.
b. Telecommunication Means
 Radio – is the most useful, fastest and versatile means of communication.
 Wire – is one of the principal means of communication and includes the use of field wires, cables
assemblies, wire laying and recovery equipment, sound powered and battery operated telephones,
digital and rotary telephones, switchboards, teletypewriters, and associated equipments.
 Sound – also supplementary means of communications that is available to all units. Sound
signals are transmitted by whistles, bugles, horns, gongs, weapons and other noise making
devices. They are used chiefly to attract attentions, transmit pre-arranged messages and spread
alarms.
 Visual – Visual signals in most units are generally limited to panels, arm - and-hand signals and
other pre-arranged signals as pyrotechnics and aircraft maneuvers.
Interior Guard Duty
Interior Guard Duty - is one of the very important job of every personnel in the AFP because it deals with
the security and protection of life of every personnel to include the properties of the AFP or the
government as a whole.
Guard - An individual responsible to keep watch over, protect, shield, defend, warn or any duties
prescribed by general orders. Also referred to as Sentinel, Sentry or lookout.
SENTRY - A guard Sentinel or Lookout.
SENTINEL - An individual of the guards whose duties are prescribed by general or special orders. Also
referred to as guard, sentry or lookout.
OFFICERS OF THE DAY - An Officer acting directly under the commanding officer who is responsible
on a given day for the execution of all orders of the commanding officer relating to interior guard duty
and other as maybe assigned.
COMMANDER OF THE GUARD - The senior officer or non-commissioned officer who is responsible
for the instruction, discipline and performance of duty of the guard.
SERGEANT OF THE GUARD - The senior of non-commissioned officer of guard.
COMPANY - Includes battery, or any other similarly organized unit.
GUARD HOUSE - A building occupied by men detailed for interior guard duty.
CHALLENGE - Any process carries-out by one unit or person with the objects of ascertaining the
friendly or hostile character or identify of another.
PASSWORD - A word, or distinctive sound, used to answer a challenge identifies the person or party
desiring to enter or pass and is always secret.
COUNTERSSIGN - A countersign consist of a secret challenge and password.
SENTINEL POST - An area for which the sentinel is responsible. Within his post a sentinel performs the
duties required by general and special order.
CONFINEMENT OFFICER - A Military police assigned to a stockade and charge with the security,
administration, care, and custody of all prison confined in the local stockade or hospital prisoner ward.
RELIEF - is the procedure whereby members of the post are relieved and members are posted in place.
RELEIVED – is to direct any members of the guard to cease performance of duty.
SENTRY - enlisted personnel assigned to duty as member of the guard to keep watch, maintain order,
protect property and given alarm of any attack or disorders.
WATCH - is a period of time during which member of the guard performed the prescribed duties
beginning when he is posted and terminated his duties.
STOCKADE - A confinement facility under the jurisdiction of an installation commander, used for the
confinement of the military prisoners.

Visual Tracking
Visual Tracking – Is the art of being able to follow person or an animal along path by the sign they leave.
Type of Tracking
• Visual Tracking
• Scent Tracking

Tracker Organization
1. Visual Tracker
2. Team Leader
3. Radio Operator
4. Cover man
5. Tracker dog handler and tracker dog

THE ORGANIZATION OF INTERIOR GUARDS

 
1. Officer of the Day (OD).
2. Commander of the relief or Junior Officer of the Day
(JOOD)
3. Sergeant of the Guard (SOG)
4. Corporal of the Guard (COG)
5. Sentries of Sentinel

2 Types of Order
 General Orders - are orders applied to all sentries to the main and special guard.
 Special Orders - are orders promulgated by the Commanding Officer prescribed the special
Duties for the main and special guards.

11 General Orders
1. To take charge of this post all government properties and view.
2. To walk my post in a military manner keeping always on alert and observing everything that takes
place within sight or hearing.
3. To report all violation of orders I am instructed to enforce.
4. To repeat all calls from post more distance from the guardhouse then my own.
5. To quit my post only when properly relieved.
6. To receive, obey and pass on the sentinel who relieved me all order from the Commanding Officer,
Officer of the day and non-commissioned Officer of the guard only.
7. To talk to no one except in line of duty.
8. To give the alarm in case of fire or disorder.
9. To call the commander of the relief in any case not covered by instruction.
10.To salute all officers and all colors and standard not case.
11.To be especially watchful at night and during the time for challenge all persons or near my post and to
allow no one to pass without proper authority.

Basic Intelligence
Military Information - all facts documents, materials, photographs, diagrams, maps and reports of
observation or any kind which increases our knowledge of a possible or actual enemy or area of
operation.
Military Intelligence - is knowledge acquired through the collection, evaluation, and interpretation of all
available information concerning a possible or actual enemy or area of operations including the weather
and terrain.
Combat Intelligence - deals with the weather, terrain and enemy. The command and staff concerned are
well informed on the effects of those elements plans may be prepared for the best of use of terrain and
maximum exploitation of enemy weaknesses.
Counter Intelligence - is an aspect of intelligence that comprises civil and military measures including
the collection, processing and distribution of information and executive actions designed to counter
enemy or to prevent sabotage or subversive activities.
Intelligence Report - Is important in the procedures of the intelligence cycle which must be followed in
order to get a significant military information in proper and effective manner that can be essential to the
commander who needs to formulate and make decisions.

Intelligence Cycle
1. Directing
2. Collection
3. Processing
4. Dissemination