Collège de Bois-de-Boulogne

Électricité et magnétisme

Aide-mémoire 3

~ 1←2 = 1 q1 q2 q1 q2 ~ e = qE
~ ~ = k q ~ur
F 2
~u2→1 = k 2 ~u2→1 F E
4πǫ0 r r r2
q dq q dq q dq
ρ= = λ= = σ= =
V dV L dx A dA
Z
d q 2k~p
~ =k
E 2
~ur ~p = q~d ~ =
E
r r3 " #
~ = − k~p
E ~ =
E
Qz ~k ~ =
E
σ z
−√ 2
z ~k
r3 4πǫ0 (R2 + z 2 )3/2 2ǫ0 |z| R + z2
~ = σ ~un ~ = qint
I
E τ ~
~ = ~p × E ΦE = E ~ · dA
2ǫ0 ǫ0
~ ∆U b
~ ind = Eext
Z
~ =E
E ~ ext + E ∆V = Vb − Va = − ~ · d~s
E
κ q0 a
q dq qi qj
Z X
V =k V =k U =k
r r paires rij
! ! !
~ = − ∂V ~ı − ∂V ~ − ∂V
E ~k ~
U = −~p · E
∂x ∂y ∂z

Q ǫ0 κA
C= Cplan = C = κCvide
∆V d
Q2 1 1 1
U= = C (∆V )2 = Q ∆V u= ǫ0 E 2
2C 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
Céq = C1 + C2 + C3 + · · · = + + +···
Céq C1 C2 C3
 
d q  i
i=
 
J= ~ = ρ~J
E
dt A
 

~J = nq~vd NA ρm ρL
n= R=
M A
∆V
 
ρ = ρ0 1 + α (T − T0 ) R=
i
(∆V )2
P = ∆V i = Ri2 =
X X X
ientrant = isortant ∆V = 0
R maille
1 1 1
Réq = R1 + R2 + · · · = + +··· τ = RC
Réq R1 R2
 
Q = Qm e−t/τ Q = Qm 1 − e−t/τ i = im e−t/τ
~ ~
~ = µ0 i ~uℓ × ~u⊥
B ~ = µ0
B
iA ~ = µ0 µ
B
2πr 2π (R2 + z 2 )3/2 2π |z|3
I
µ ~
~ = NiA ~ · d~s = µ0 iinc
B B = µ0 ni
 Z
~ B = q~v × B
F ~ ~ B = i~ℓ × B
F ~ ~B =
F i d ~ℓ × B
~
 
~ =q E
F ~ + ~v × B
~ ~ =µ
τ ~
~ ×B U = −~ ~
µ·B
d ΦB NΦB
Z I
ΦB = ~ · dA
B ~ E = −N = ~ · d~s
E L=
dt i
di 1 2
EL = −L UB = 12 Li2 uB = B
dt 2µ0
  L
i = im 1 − e−t/τ i = im e−t/τ τ =
R
E = Em sin(ωt) i = im sin(ωt − φ) ∆Vm = Zim
q
1
Z= R2 + (XL − XC )2 XL = ωL XC =
ωC
XL − XC im ∆Vm
tan φ = ieff = √ ∆Veff = √
R 2 2
∆Veff = Zieff P = Ri2eff = ieff ∆Veff cos φ

Constantes physiques

me = 9,109 × 10−31 kg mp = 1,673 × 10−27 kg

1
e = 1,602 × 10−19 C k= = 8,99 × 109 N · m2 /C2
4πǫ0
ǫ0 = 8,854 × 10−12 C2 /(N · m2 ) 1 eV = 1,602 × 10−19 J
µ0 = 4π × 10−7 T · m/A NA = 6,023 × 1023 mol−1
1 u = 1,661 × 10−27 kg c = 3,00 × 108 m/s

Formules de mécanique
1 v0x + vx
 
vx = v0x + ax t x = x0 + v0x t + ax t2 x = x0 + t
2 2
ay
vx2 − v0x
2
= 2ax (x − x0 ) y = y0 + tan θ0 x + 2 x2
2v0 cos2 θ0
g = 9,81 m/s2 Fg = mg
X
~ =F
~ rés = m~a v2 ~ · ~s = F s cos φ
F ac = W =F
r
Z f
~ · d~s 1
W = F Wnet = Kf − Ki K = mv 2
i 2
dE ~ · ~v
Wc = −∆U ∆K + ∆U = Wext P = =F
dt
~ 2π
~ = ~r × F
τ ~
~τ rés = I α ω = 2πf =
T

Vecteurs
~ ·B
A ~ = Ax Bx + Ay By + Az Bz = AB cos θ ~ × B|
|A ~ = AB sin θ
~ ×B
A ~ = (Ay Bz − Az By )~ı + (Az Bx − Ax Bz )~ + (Ax By − Ay Bx )~k