Faculty of Engineering Technology

Electrical Engineering Department

Power Electronic Laboratory

Student name: ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﯾﻮﺳﻒ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺼﻮري‬

Id: 20171418
Experiment Number: 2
Experiment Name: Single Phase Half-Wave
Uncontrolled Rectifier
Supervised by: Eng. Alameen Issa
Date: 1/11/2022
Introduction:

A rectifier converts ac to dc. The purpose of a rectifier may be to produce an output that is purely

dc, or the purpose may be to produce a voltage or current waveform that has a specified dc

component.

Objectives:

Using diode characteristic understand principle and specificity of rectifier circuit to convert AC to

DC using single phase half wave rectifier with R, RL Load.

Equipment:

1. PET2000A

2. Oscilloscope

3. Load connection cord

4. Power supply connection cord

5. Single phase AC220[V]

6. Multimeter

Theory

• RESISTIVE LOAD

Figure 1 (a) Half-wave rectifier with resistive load; (b) Voltage waveforms.
 A basic half-wave rectifier with a resistive load is shown in Fig. 1. The source is ac, and the

objective is to create a load voltage that has a nonzero dc component. The diode is a basic electronic

switch that allows current in one direction only. For the positive half-cycle of the source in this

circuit, the diode is on (forward-biased). Considering the diode to be ideal, the voltage across a

forward-biased diode is zero and the current is positive. For the negative half-cycle of the source,

the diode is reverse-biased, making the current zero. The voltage across the reverse-biased diode is

the source voltage, which has a negative value. The voltage waveforms across the source, load, and

diode are shown in Fig. 1 Note that the units on the horizontal axis are in terms of angle (t). This

representation is useful because the values are independent of frequency. The dc component Vo of

the output voltage is the average value of a half-wave rectified sinusoid

The dc component of the current for the purely resistive load is

When the voltage and current are half-wave rectified sine waves,

In the preceding discussion, the diode was assumed to be ideal. For a real diode, the diode

voltage drop will cause the load voltage and current to be reduced, but not appreciably if Vm is

large. For circuits that have voltages much larger than the typical diode drop, the improved diode

model may have only second-order effects on the load voltage and current computations.
• Resistive-inductive load

• Resistive-inductive load with freewheeling diode

Procedure:

1- Measurement of the load R

Turn on the power then connect the probe of oscilloscope like a figure shown below. And record the

waveform.

Figure 1: Measurement of the load R

Theoretical: Vi.rms= 24V, R=500 Ω

Measured: 𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖.𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = 26.12, 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜.𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = 13.59 𝑉𝑉

Calculation:

Theoretical value − experiment value

Error% =� � ×100%
Theoretical value

Theoretical Experimental Error%

𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 = √2 𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖.𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = √2 × 24 = 33.94 𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 = √2 𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖.𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = √2 × 26.12 = 36.94 𝑉𝑉 8.84%

𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 33.94 𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 36.94
𝑉𝑉𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐 = = = 10.8 𝑉𝑉𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐 = = = 11.75 8.09%
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋

𝑉𝑉𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐 10.8 𝑉𝑉𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐 11.75

𝐼𝐼𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐 = = = 0.0216 𝐴𝐴 𝐼𝐼𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐 = = = 0.0235 𝐴𝐴 8.09%
𝑅𝑅 500 𝑅𝑅 500

𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 33.94
𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜.𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = = = 16.97 𝑉𝑉 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜.𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = 13.59 𝑉𝑉
2 2 24.87%

𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜.𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 16.97 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜.𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 13.59

𝐼𝐼𝑜𝑜.𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = = = 0.034 𝐼𝐼𝑜𝑜.𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = = = 0.0272 𝐴𝐴 25.00%
𝑅𝑅 500 𝑅𝑅 500

𝑃𝑃𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜.𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 × 𝐼𝐼𝑜𝑜.𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑃𝑃𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜.𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 × 𝐼𝐼𝑜𝑜.𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟

55.68%
= 16.97 × 0.034 = 0.576 𝑊𝑊 = 13.59 × 0.0272 = 0.37 𝑊𝑊

𝑃𝑃𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐 = 𝑉𝑉𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐 × 𝐼𝐼𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐 𝑃𝑃𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐 = 𝑉𝑉𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐 × 𝐼𝐼𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐

15.58%
= 10.8 × 0.0216 = 0.233 = 11.75 × 0.0235 = 0.276

𝑃𝑃𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐 0.233 𝑃𝑃𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐 0.276

𝜂𝜂 = = = 0.41 𝜂𝜂 = = = 0.75
𝑃𝑃𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 0.576 𝑃𝑃𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 0.37 45.33%

�𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜.𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 2 − 𝑉𝑉𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐 2 �𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜.𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 2 − 𝑉𝑉𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐 2

𝑅𝑅. 𝐹𝐹 = 𝑅𝑅. 𝐹𝐹 =
𝑉𝑉𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐 𝑉𝑉𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐
108.62%
�(16.97)2 − (10.8)2 �(13.59)2 − (11.75)2
= = 1.21 = = 0.58
10.8 11.75

𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖.𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 × 𝐼𝐼𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖.𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 × 𝐼𝐼𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟

14.93%
= 24 × 0.034 = 0.816 𝑊𝑊 = 26.12 × 0.0272 = 0.71 𝑊𝑊

𝑃𝑃𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 0.576 𝑃𝑃𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 0.37

𝑃𝑃. 𝐹𝐹 = = = 0.71 𝑃𝑃. 𝐹𝐹 = = = 0.52
𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 0.816 𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 0.71 35.58%
Figure 2: Measurement of the load R waveform
 2- Measurement of the load RL

Turn on the power then connect the probe of oscilloscope like a figure shown below. And record the

waveform.

Figure 3: Measurement of the load RL

Figure 4: Measurement of the load RL Waveform

 3- Measurement of the load RL with freewheeling diode

Conclusion:

in most practical applications there are inductive loads that will Produce unwanted voltage (in

negative after the diode), the freewheeling diode is basically a diode connected across the inductive

load terminals to prevent the development of high voltage across the switch. When the inductive

circuit is switched off, this diode gives a short circuit path for the flow of inductor decay current

and hence dissipation of stored energy in the inductor.