Question1:

a)

Component Mole percent MW 𝒚𝒊 𝑴𝑾𝒊 /𝟏𝟎𝟎

C1H4 70 16 11.2
C2H6 19 30 5.7
C3H8 7 44 3.08
C4H10 4 58 2.32

The mole percent should be converted to mole fraction by dividing by 100.

𝑀𝑊𝑔 = ∑ 𝒚𝒊 𝑴𝑾𝒊 /𝟏𝟎𝟎

𝑀𝑊𝑔 = 22.3 (0.5 points)

22.3
𝛾𝑔 = = 0.77 (0.5 points)
28.97

b) Initially, it's essential to determine the quantity of gas in moles.

𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑠
𝑛=
𝑍𝑅𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑠

The reservoir pressure and temperature are provided, but the volume is at surface conditions.
We need to convert it to reservoir conditions. To convert the surface volume to reservoir volume,
we use the gas formation volume factor.

𝑍𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑠
𝐵𝑔 = 0.0282
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠
𝑍𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑠
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠 {𝑉𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 ×𝐵𝑔 } 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠 {𝑉𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 ×0.0282 }
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠
𝑛= = (1.0 points)
𝑍𝑅𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑍𝑅𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑠

𝑍𝑇
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠 {𝑉𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 × 0.0282 𝑃 𝑟𝑒𝑠 }
𝑟𝑒𝑠
𝑛=
𝑍𝑅𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑠
𝑉𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒
𝑛 = 0.0282
𝑅
R = 10.73159 ft3.psi/°R.lb-mol
106
𝑛 = 0.0282 10.73159 = 2627.756 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑑𝑎𝑦 (0.5 points)
 𝑚 = 𝑛 × 𝑀𝑊𝑔
𝑚 = 2627.76 × 22.3 = 58598.96 𝑙𝑏/𝑑𝑎𝑦 (0.5 points)

c) For gas density, the Z-factor is required. Gas gravity has been calculated in part a of the
question. First, we compute the pseudo-critical properties of the gas.

𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑀𝑊𝑔
𝜌𝑔 =
𝑍𝑅𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑠

140+459.67
𝑇𝑝𝑐 = 410.77 𝑇𝑝𝑟 = 410.77 = 1.46
𝛾𝑔 = 0.77 ⇒ { }⇒{ } ⇒ Z = 0.75 (0.5 points)
𝑃𝑝𝑐 = 666.33 2000
𝑃𝑝𝑟 = 666.33 = 3.0

2000×22.3 𝑙𝑏
𝜌𝑔 = = 9.24 𝑓𝑡 3 (0.5 points)
0.75×10.73159×(599.67)

d) The gas expansion factor, parameter 𝐸𝑔 , is defined as a reciprocal of the gas formation
volume factor 𝐵𝑔 .

𝑍𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑠 0.75×599.67 𝑓𝑡 3
𝐵𝑔 = 0.0282 = 0.0282 = 0.00634 𝑆𝐶𝐹 (0.5 points)
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠 2000
1 𝑆𝐶𝐹
𝐸𝑔 = 𝐵 = 157.7 (0.5 points)
𝑔 𝑓𝑡 3
 Question 2

a) Method 1:
1 𝑑𝑉𝑜
𝐶𝑜 = − ( )
𝑉𝑜 𝑑𝑝 𝑇
𝑑𝑉𝑜
−𝐶𝑜 𝑑𝑝 =
𝑉𝑜
𝑝2 𝑉𝑜2
𝑑𝑉𝑜
−𝐶𝑜 ∫ 𝑑𝑝 = ∫
𝑝1 𝑉𝑜1 𝑉𝑜
𝑉𝑜2
−𝐶𝑜 (𝑝2 − 𝑝1 ) = ln( )
𝑉𝑜1
𝑉𝑜2
ln( )
𝑉𝑜1
𝐶𝑜 = (𝑝 (1.0 points)
1 −𝑝2 )
784.5
ln( ) 0.06245868
737
𝐶𝑜 = (2620−2153) = = 1.34 × 10−4 1/𝑝𝑠𝑖 (1.0 points)
467
Method 2:

1 𝑉𝑜 2 −𝑉𝑜 1 1 784.5−737
𝐶𝑜 = − 𝑉 ( ) = 784.5 (2620−2153) = 1.30 × 10−4 1/𝑝𝑠𝑖 (2.0 points)
𝑜2 𝑝2 −𝑝1 𝑇
b)
Method 1: The total formation volume factor is the ratio of the combined volume of
both liquid and gas phases at reservoir conditions to the resulting volume of the oil
phase at standard conditions.

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑖𝑙 @ 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑜𝑖𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠+𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑎𝑠 @ 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑜𝑖𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠

𝐵𝑡 = (1.0 points)
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑖𝑙 @ 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑜𝑖𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 = 709 cc

30.48 3 −3 3
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑎𝑠 @ 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑜𝑖𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑐 = 2.666 × 10 ft × ( ) = 75.49 𝑐𝑐
𝑓𝑡
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 = 500 cc

709+75.49 784.49
𝐵𝑡 = = = 1.57 bbl/STB (2.0 points)
500 500
Method 2: To determine Bt, we use the following equation:

𝐵𝑡 = 𝐵𝑜 + (𝑅𝑠𝑖 − 𝑅𝑠 )𝐵𝑔
where,
𝑍𝑇
𝐵𝑔 = 0.0282
𝑃
In the above equation, Bg should be in bbl/SCF to maintain unit consistency. Therefore, divide Bg
by 5.615 to convert it to bbl/SCF.

𝐵𝑔
𝐵𝑡 = 𝐵𝑜 + (𝑅𝑠𝑖 − 𝑅𝑠 )
5.615
(0.5 points)
Given that the question provides the amount of released gas in the cell, we can find the amount
of dissolved gas in the cell by subtracting it from the initially dissolved gas, resulting in the
soluble gas in the oil at the pressure of interest.
2.666×10−3
Volume of released gas in the cell = 2.666 × 10−3 ft 3 = 𝑆𝐶𝐹
𝐵𝑔
2.666×10−3
Volume of gas dissolved in the oil (SCF) = 𝑉𝑖 − 𝐵𝑔
(0.5 points)
Dividing the Volume of gas dissolved in the oil (SCF) by the volume of oil at standard conditions
gives the solution gas-oil ratio (SCF/STB).
2.666×10−3
𝐵𝑔 𝑆𝐶𝐹
Solution gas-oil ratio (Rs) =𝑅𝑠𝑖 − (𝑆𝑇𝐵)
𝑉𝑜𝑖
(0.5 points)
Where, Voi is the stock tank oil volume in STB (which is 0.00314491 STB).
Now, let's substitute these values back into the Bt equation:
2.666 × 10−3
𝐵𝑔 𝐵𝑔
𝐵𝑡 = 𝐵𝑜 + 𝑅𝑠𝑖 − 𝑅𝑠𝑖 −
𝑉𝑜𝑖 5.615
( { })
2.666 × 10−3
𝐵𝑔 𝐵𝑔
𝐵𝑡 = 𝐵𝑜 +
𝑉𝑜𝑖 5.615
( )
2.666 × 10−3
709 𝐵𝑔 𝐵𝑔
𝐵𝑡 = +
500 0.00314491 5.615
( )
(1.0 points)
𝐵𝑡 = 1.57 𝑏𝑏𝑙/𝑆𝑇𝐵
(0.5 points)
Question 3

We have a series bedding of layers for a laminar flow through a circular cross section.
The Darcy laminar flow equation is:
𝑘𝐴Δ𝑃 𝑞𝜇𝐿
𝑞 = 𝜇𝐿 => Δ𝑃 = 𝑘𝐴 (0.25 points)

For the series setting the total pressure drop is equal to the summation of the pressure drop for
each bedding:
Δ𝑃𝑡 = Δ𝑃1 + Δ𝑃2 (0.25 points)
𝑞𝜇𝐿𝑡 𝑞𝜇𝐿 𝑞𝜇𝐿
= 𝑘 𝐴1 + 𝑘 𝐴2 (0.25 points)
𝑘 𝐴 𝑡 𝑡 1 1 2 2
𝐿𝑡 𝐿1 𝐿2
=𝑘 +𝑘 (0.5 points)
𝑘𝑡 𝐴𝑡 1 𝐴1 2 𝐴2

As mentioned in the question the cross section of each section is circular:

𝐴1 = 𝜋𝑅12 (0.5 points)

𝐴2 = 𝜋𝑅22 (0.5 points)

The total cross section of the media should be obtained based on the total volume (𝑉𝑡 ):
𝑉𝑡 = 𝐴1 𝐿1 + 𝐴2 𝐿2 = 𝐴𝑡 𝐿𝑡 = 𝐴𝑡 (𝐿1 + 𝐿2 ) (0.25 points)

𝐴1 𝐿1 +𝐴2 𝐿2 𝜋𝑅12 𝐿1 +𝜋𝑅22 𝐿2

𝐴𝑡 = = (0.5 points)
(𝐿1 +𝐿2 ) (𝐿1 +𝐿2 )

Therefore:
𝐿1 +𝐿2 𝐿1 𝐿2
𝜋𝑅2 𝐿 +𝜋𝑅2
=𝑘 2 +𝑘 2 (1.5 points)
𝑘𝑡 ( 1 1 2 𝐿2 ) 1 𝜋𝑅1 2 𝜋𝑅2
(𝐿1 +𝐿2 )

𝐿1 +𝐿2 (𝐿1 +𝐿2 )2

𝑘𝑡 = 𝜋𝑅2 𝐿 +𝜋𝑅2
= 𝐿1 𝐿2 2 2
(0.5 points)
𝐿 𝐿
( 1 2 + 2 2 )( 1 1 2 𝐿2 ) ( + 2 )(𝜋𝑅1 𝐿1 +𝜋𝑅2 𝐿2 )
𝑘1 𝜋𝑅1 𝑘2 𝜋𝑅2 (𝐿1 +𝐿2 ) 𝑘1 𝑅2
1 𝑘2 𝑅2
Question 4

𝐾 ΔΨ
𝑣 =−µ (0.25 points)
𝐿
𝑑𝑥
𝑣 = − 𝑑𝑡 (0.5 points)
𝑑ℎ 𝐾 ΔΨ
= (0.25 points)
𝑑𝑡 µ 𝐿

Ψ1 = 𝑃1 + 𝜌g 𝑍1 =𝑃1 + 𝜌g 𝐿= Patm+ ρg h+ ρg L (0.5 points)

Ψ2 = 𝑃2 + 𝜌g 𝑍2 = 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 + ρg h (0.5 points)
𝑑ℎ 𝐾 ΔΨ 𝐾 −ρg (L) −𝑘 𝜌𝑔𝐿×10−5
= = => 𝑣 = (0.5 points)
𝑑𝑡 µ 𝐿 µ 𝐿 µ 𝐿

y=ax +c (0.5 points)

𝑣 = 0.0193 (0.5 points)
𝐾 𝐾
v = -0.0193 = − µ 𝜌𝑔 × 10−5 = × 1000 × 10 × 10−5 (0.5 points)
1

K = 0.193 Darcy (1 points)