February 16, 2021

Quiz 3
Due: February 21, 2021
ENEE 4600 20548 Section 0
 ENEE 4600 – Quiz 3

Table of Contents
Part 1: Problem 3-5 ....................................................................................................................................... 2
Solution ..................................................................................................................................................... 2
Part a ..................................................................................................................................................... 2
Part b ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
Part c ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
Part 1: Problem 3.16 ..................................................................................................................................... 4
Solution ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
Part a ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
Part b ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
Part c ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
Part 2: Problem 3-5 ....................................................................................................................................... 6
Solution ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
Part 2: Problem 3-16 ..................................................................................................................................... 8
Solution ..................................................................................................................................................... 8

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 ENEE 4600 – Quiz 3

Part 1: Problem 3-5

A half-wave rectifier has a source of 120 V rms at 60 Hz and an RL load with 𝑅 = 10 Ω and 𝐿 = 15 mH.
Determine:
(a) an expression for load current
(b) the average current
(c) the power absorbed by the resistor
(d) the power factor

Solution
Part a
For the parameters given,
𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓 = 2𝜋(60) = 376.99 rad/s

𝑉𝑚 = 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 √2 = 120√2 = 169.71 V

𝑍 = [𝑅 2 + (𝜔𝐿)2 ]0.5 = [102 + (377 ∗ 0.015)2 ]0.5 = 11.49 Ω

𝜔𝐿 377 ∗ 0.015
𝜃 = tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 ( ) = 0.515 rad = 29.51°
𝑅 10
𝜔𝐿 377 ∗ 0.015
𝜔𝜏 = = = 0.5655 rad
𝑅 10
The expression for load current can be determined by Eq. (3-15).
𝑉𝑚
𝑖(𝜔𝑡) = [sin(𝜔𝑡 − 𝜃) + sin(𝜃) 𝑒 −𝜔𝑡/𝜔𝜏 ] A, for 0 ≤ ωt ≤ β
𝑍
where
𝐿 0.015
𝜏= = = 0.0015 s
𝑅 10
𝛽
sin(𝛽 − 𝜃) + sin(𝜃) 𝑒 −𝜔𝜏 = 0
𝛽
sin(𝛽 − 0.515) + sin(0.515) 𝑒 −0.5655 = 0 → 𝛽 = 3.66 rad (used MATLAB)
Thus,

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 ENEE 4600 – Quiz 3

169.71 −
𝜔𝑡
𝑖(𝜔𝑡) = [sin(𝜔𝑡 − 0.515) + sin(0.515) 𝑒 0.5655 ]
11.49
𝜔𝑡
= 14.78 sin(𝜔𝑡 − 0.515) + 7.27𝑒 −0.5655 A, for 0 ≤ ωt ≤ 3.66 rad

Part b
The average current can be determined by Eq. (3-17).

1 𝛽 1 3.66 𝜔𝑡
𝐼𝑜 = ∫ 𝑖(𝜔𝑡)𝑑(𝜔𝑡) = ∫ [14.78 sin(𝜔𝑡 − 0.515) + 7.27𝑒 −0.5655 ] 𝑑(𝜔𝑡)
2𝜋 0 2𝜋 0
= 5.05 A (used MATLAB)

Part c
The rms current can be determined by Eq. (3-16).

1 𝛽
𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 = √ ∫ 𝑖 2 (𝜔𝑡)𝑑(𝜔𝑡)
2𝜋 0

1 3.66 𝜔𝑡 2
=√ ∫ [14.78 sin(𝜔𝑡 − 0.515) + 7.27𝑒 −0.5655 ] 𝑑(𝜔𝑡)
2𝜋 0
= 7.65 A (used MATLAB)
Part d
The power absorbed by the resistor is:
2
𝑃 = 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑅 = 7.652 ∗ 10 = 585.23 W
Part e
The power factor is:
𝑃 𝑃 585.23
pf = = = = 0.64
𝑆 𝑉𝑠,𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 120 ∗ 7.65

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 ENEE 4600 – Quiz 3

Part 1: Problem 3.16

The circuit of Fig. P3-16 is similar to the circuit of Fig. 3-7a except that a dc source has been added to the
load. The circuit has 𝑣𝑠 (𝑡) = 170 sin(377𝑡) V, 𝑅 = 10 Ω, and 𝑉𝑑𝑐 = 24 V. From the Fourier series,
determine:
(a) the value of L such that the peak-to-peak variation in load current is no more than 1 A
(b) the power absorbed by the dc source
(c) the power absorbed by the resistor

Solution
Part a
Turn off the DC source and assume 𝐿 = ∞. Solve for 𝐼𝑜,𝑎𝑐 using Eq. (3-35).
𝑉𝑚 170
𝐼𝑜,𝑎𝑐 = = = 5.41 A
𝜋𝑅 𝜋10
Turn off the AC source and assume 𝐿 = ∞. Solve for 𝐼𝑜,𝑑𝑐 using Eq. (3-35).
𝑉𝑑𝑐 24
𝐼𝑜,𝑑𝑐 = = = 2.4 A
𝑅 10
Combine the output currents. Note that 𝐼𝑜,𝑎𝑐 flows to the right and 𝐼𝑜,𝑑𝑐 flows to the right (opposite
direction). Thus, 0th harmonic, or harmonic due to the dc component is:
𝐼𝑜 = 5.41 − 2.4 = 3.01 A
The AC voltage amplitude is:
𝑉𝑚 170
𝑉1 = = = 85 V
2 2
When 𝐿 = ∞, the peak-to-peak ripple/variation is (Eq. (3-36)):
Δ𝐼𝑜 ≈ 2𝐼1
1 = 2𝐼1 → 𝐼1 = 0.5 A
The load impedance at the fundamental frequency is:
𝑉1 85
|𝑍1 | = = = 170 Ω
𝐼1 0.5

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 ENEE 4600 – Quiz 3

The total load impedance is:

𝑍1 = 𝑅 + 𝑗𝜔𝐿 = 10 + 𝑗377𝐿
Determine the inductance by setting the two magnitudes from above equal to each other.
|10 + 𝑗377𝐿| = 170 → 𝐿 = 0.45 H

Part b
The power absorbed by the dc source is:
𝑃𝑑𝑐 = 𝑉𝑑𝑐 𝐼𝑜 = 24 ∗ 3.01 = 72.24 W

Part c
The rms current can be determined using Eq. (2-64).

∞ 2
0.5
𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 = √∑ 𝐼𝑘,𝑟𝑚𝑠 = √3.012 + ( ) = 3.03 A
𝑘=0
√2

The power absorbed by the resistor is:

2
𝑃 = 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑅 = 3.032 ∗ 10 = 91.81 W

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 ENEE 4600 – Quiz 3

Part 2: Problem 3-5

Using the sample slx file provided, simulate Problem 3-5 in Simulink and find the value of the distinction
(extinction) angle β. It must verify the expression you have set up to calculate β.

Solution
The first positive value of 𝜔𝑡 in Eq. (3-12) that results in zero current is called the extinction angle 𝛽 (pg.
84/74).
The Simulink used in this problem is shown below in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Simulink diagram for Problem 3-5

To obtain the extinction angle 𝛽, the current was plotted in Simulink for a run time of 16.67 ms (one
period for 60 Hz), and its graph was sent to MATLAB’s workspace. Next, the time values were
multiplied by the frequency, 60 Hz, and a factor of 2*3.14 to convert that axis in radians. This result is
shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Current waveform for Problem 3-5

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 ENEE 4600 – Quiz 3

From the figure, it was observed that the current reached 0 A at 3.65534 radians. In Part a of Part 1:
Problem 3-5, it was determined that 𝛽 = 3.66 rad. Thus, the answers are the same and were able to be
verified.

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 ENEE 4600 – Quiz 3

Part 2: Problem 3-16

Using the sample slx file provided, simulate Problem 3-16 in Simulink and investigate the magnitude of
the fundamental frequency and second harmonic components of output voltage and output current.
Compare your analytical and simulation results in a table. Use the block “Fourier” in Simulink to measure
magnitude and angle of any harmonic. You need one block for each harmonic.

Solution
From Part a of Part 1: Problem 3-5,

𝐼𝑜 = 3.01 A
170
𝑉1 = = 85 V
2
𝐼1 = 0.5 A
𝜔0 = 377
The nth harmonics can be calculated by
𝑉𝑛
𝐼𝑛 =
𝑍𝑛
where
𝑍𝑛 = |𝑅 + 𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝐿|
∞
𝑉𝑚 𝑉𝑚 2𝑉𝑚
𝑉𝑛 = + sin(𝜔0 𝑡) − ∑ cos(𝑛𝜔0 𝑡)
𝜋 2 (𝑛2− 1)𝜋
𝑛=2,4,6…

Calculate the remaining harmonics required to solve this question that were not calculated in Part a of
Part 1: Problem 3-5.
𝑍2 = |10 + 𝑗(2 ∗ 377 ∗ 0.45)| = 339.45 Ω
2 ∗ 170
𝑉2 = = 36.08 V
(22 − 1)𝜋
36.08
𝐼2 = = 0.106 𝐴
339.45

𝑍𝑜 = |10 + 𝑗(0 ∗ 377 ∗ 0.45)| = 10 Ω

𝑉𝑜 = 𝐼𝑜 𝑍𝑜 = 3.01 ∗ 10 = 30.1 V
The simulation diagram used in this problem is shown below in Figure 3.

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 ENEE 4600 – Quiz 3

Figure 3: Simulink diagram for Problem 3-16

The analytical and simulation results have been gathered in Table 1 below.
Table 1: Analytical and simulated results of Problem 3-16

Analytical Simulated Analytical Simulated

Harmonic Name Current (A) Current (A) Voltage (V) Voltage (V)
0 DC 3.01 3.01 30.1 30.1
1 Fundamental 0.5 0.5002 85 85
2 Second 0.106 0.1063 36.1 36.1

It was observed that the analytical and simulated results were the same. Thus, the results were able to be
verified.

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