7

Topics

BJTs, OPAMPs

Questions

1. Determine 𝑉𝐶𝐶 and R B in the following circuit.

VCC

RB 2.2k

+
7.2V
10A -
4mA

2. Determine IC and VCE in the following circuit.

20V
510k 2.4k
 
IC
+
VCE
=
-
1.5k

3. Determine IC and VCE in the following circuit.

Assuming that the transistor is in forward active mode.

𝐼𝐶 + 𝐼𝐵 = (𝛽 + 1)𝐼𝐵 = 121𝐼𝐵

Applying KVL
−16 + (121𝐼𝐵 )3.6𝑘 + 𝐼𝐵 470𝑘 + 0.7 + (121𝐼𝐵 )510 = 0

16 − 0.7
𝐼𝐵 = = 0.0158𝑚𝐴
121 × 3.6𝑘 + 470𝑘 + 121 × 510

𝐼𝐶 = 𝛽𝐼𝐵 = 120 × 0.0158𝑚𝐴 = 1.9𝑚𝐴

Applying KVL

𝐼𝐵 470𝑘 + 0.7 − 𝑉𝐶𝐸 = 0

𝑉𝐶𝐸 = 0.0158 × 470 + 0.7 = 8.13𝑉

4. Determine RB and RC such that the transistor is in saturation with 𝐼𝐶 = 2𝑚𝐴 and 𝛽𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑑 = 20 when 𝑉𝑖 =
5𝑉. Draw the voltage transfer characteristics (a plot of V0 vs Vi) with these resistances.
 5V

IC
RC

RB V0
Vi =100
 𝑣0
5. For the circuit shown below, carry out ac analysis to determine the ratio , where vo is ac output voltage
𝑖𝑠
and is is ac sinusoidal current . Assume that transistor is biased in forward active mode and current gain F =
100.

Small signal equivalent circuit:

𝑉𝑇
𝑟𝜋 = 𝐼𝐶
𝛽
𝐼𝐶
𝑔𝑚 =
𝑉𝑇

𝑣0 = −𝑔𝑚 𝑣𝜋 (2𝐾||2𝐾)
𝑣𝜋 = 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝜋

𝐼𝐶 𝑉𝑇
𝑣0 = − 𝑖 𝛽(2𝐾||2𝐾)
𝑉𝑇 𝑠 𝐼𝐶
𝑣0
= −𝛽(1𝐾)
𝑖𝑠
𝑣0
= −105 Ω
𝑖𝑠

𝑣𝑜
6. For the following circuit, calculate VCEQ and ICQ. Also, calculate the small signal voltage gain 𝐴𝑣 = 𝑣𝑖
and
𝑣
the input impedance (𝑍𝑖 = 𝑖 𝑖).
𝑖

Solution

DC Analysis
20 × 12𝑉
𝑉𝑒𝑞 = = 2.4𝑉
100
Also,
80𝑘||20𝑘 = 16𝑘

Assume transistor in forward-active mode.

Applying KVL:
2.4 − (16 × 103 )𝐼𝐵 − 0.7 − 103 𝐼𝐸 = 0
𝐼𝐶𝑄 𝐼𝐶𝑄
⇒ 2.4 − (16 × 103 ) − 0.7 − 103 (𝛽 + 1) = 0
𝛽 𝛽
⇒ 𝐼𝐶𝑄 = 1.57𝑚𝐴
Applying KVL:
1.57 × 10−3
12 − (2 × 103 )(1.57 × 10−3 ) − 𝑉𝐶𝐸𝑄 − 103 201 = 0
200
⇒ 𝑉𝐶𝐸𝑄 = 7.28𝑉 > 0.2𝑉
So assumption correct.
 𝛼𝐼𝐸 𝐼𝐶𝑄 1.57 × 10−3
𝐴𝑣 = −𝑔𝑚 𝑅𝑐 = − 𝑅 =− 𝑅 =− × 2 × 103 = −120.07
𝑉𝑇 𝑐 𝑉𝑇 𝐶 26 × 10−3

𝑍𝑖 = 80𝑘||20𝑘||𝑟𝜋
𝛽 200
𝑟𝜋 = = × 26Ω = 3.3𝑘Ω
𝑔𝑚 1.57

𝑍𝑖 = 80𝑘||20𝑘||3.3𝑘 = 2.735𝑘Ω

7. Determine the output of the ideal op-amp circuits shown below.

i.

ii.
 iii.

iv.

8. Design an op-amp circuit that would generate the following output voltage 𝑉𝑂 = 2𝑣𝑠1 + 4𝑣𝑠2 − 8𝑣𝑠3 −
10𝑣𝑠4 where vs1, vs2, vs3 and vs4 are input voltages.
 2
9. Design an op-amp circuit that can produce 𝑉𝑂 = 𝐾 × 𝑉𝐼𝑁 where Vin is the input voltage.

10. Sketch the output voltage of the circuit shown below for 𝑉𝑖𝑛 = 1𝑉𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝜋𝑓𝑡); 𝑓 = 1𝐾𝐻𝑧 and supply
voltages of ±5𝑉

integrator
comparator
11 Determine the output for the ideal op-amp circuit shown below.

12. Determine the output for the ideal op-amp circuits shown below. For the transistor assume a current gain
of 100. What is the usefulness of each of the circuits?