DC MOTOR

• DC motor is a machine which converts electric

energy into mechanical energy.
• when a current-carrying conductor is placed in
a magnetic field, it experiences a mechanical
force.
• F = BIL, Direction –FLR
• No basic difference in the construction of a DC
generator and a DC motor
 Back EMF
The induced EMF acts in opposite direction
to the applied voltage V (Lenz's law) and in
known as back EMF.
 Voltage Equation
V=Eb+IaRa
Condition for Max. Power
Eb=V/2
Torque Equation
A 4 pole,500V dc shunt motor has 700
wave connected conductors on its
armature. The full load current is 60A and
flux per pole is 30mwb.calculate the full
load speed if the armature resistance is 0.2
ohm and brush drop 1V/ per brush.
(694.27RPM)
A 200V,2000 rpm ,10A separately excited DC
motor has an armature resistance of
2ohm.Rated dc voltage is applied to both
armature and field winding of the motor. If
motor draws 5A from the source, calculate the
torque developed by the motor.
A 4 pole dc motor is lap wound with 400
conductors. The pole shoe is 20cm and average
flux density over one pole pitch is 0.4T ,the
armature diameter is 20cm. Find the torque and
gross mechanical power developed when the
motor is drawing 25A at 1500 rpm.
A 15kW ,250V,1200rpm shunt motor has 4 poles
4 parallel armature paths and 900 armature
conductors. Assume Ra=0.2 ohm. At rated speed
and rated output the armature current is 75A
and Ish= 1.5A. Calculate 1.flux/pole 2.Torque
developed 3.Rotational losses 4.Efficiency
5.Shaft load 6. If the shaft remains fixed ,but the
field flux is reduced to 70% of its value by field
control, determine the new operating speed.
A 500V dc shunt motor is running at 700 rpm
takes an armature current of 50A. Effective
armature resistance is 0.4 ohm. What resistance
must be placed in series with the armature to
reduce the speed to 600rpm, the torque
remaining constant.
Determine developed torque and shaft torque of 220V,4 pole
series motor with 800 conductors wave connected supplying a
load of 8.2kW by taking 45A from the mains. The flux per pole
is 25mwb and its armature circuit resistance is 0.6 ohm
 A 230V ,DC shunt motor ,taken an
armature current of 3.33A at rated voltage
and at a no-load speed of 1000 rpm. The
resistances of the armature circuit and
field circuit are respectively 0.3Ω and
160Ω.The line current at full load and rated
voltage is 40A.calculate at full load ,the
speed and the developed torque in case
the armature reaction weakens the no load
flux by 4%.(993.6 rpm,80.95N-m)
A 250V, 4 Pole shunt motor has two circuit
armature winding with 500 conductors. The
armature resistance is 0.25Ω, field resistance
is 125Ω and the flux per pole is 0.02 wb
.Armature reaction is neglected .If the
motor draws 14A from the mains ,then
compute 1) speed and the internal torque
developed 2) the shaft power ,shaft torque
and efficiency with rotational losses equal to
300 watts.(741rpm, 34.4Nm,76.2%)
A 220V dc shunt motor has an armature
circuit resistance of 0.2 Ω and field
resistance of 110 Ω. At no load the motor
takes 5A and runs at 1500 rpm. If the motor
draws 52A from line at rated voltage and
rated load, calculate the motor speed and
its rated shaft torque in Nm. The rotational
losses at no load are the same. Neglect
armature reaction.
(1435rpm,9841.8W,65.4Nm)
 Starter
To restrict heavy starting armature current
V= Eb+Ia Ra
N=0,Eb=0
V= Ia Ra,Ra– small ,Ia – Very high
Types
1.Two point starter-series
2.Three point starter-shunt
3.4 point starter -compound
TWO POINT STARTER
THREE POINT STARTER
FOUR POINT STARTER
 Motor characteristics

1.Torque Vs Ia (Electrical characteristics )

2.Speed Vs Ia (Electrical characteristics )
3. Torque Vs Speed (Mechanical characteristics)

Relations…
T =K Ia Φ
N= Eb/ Φ
 SPEED CONTROL OF MOTOR
•N=
 

Eb V
Parameters to control the speed…
1.Flux –Field control
2.Armature voltage- Rheostatic control
3.Supply voltage –Voltage control
SPEED CONTROL OF SHUNT MOTOR

FLUX CONTROL
Rheostatic control
Using potential
divider
Supply Voltage Control
Speed Control of Series Motor

FIELD DIVERTOR

ARMATURE DIVERTOR
Series and Parallel
Field Coils

Tapped field
RHEOSTAT CONTROL

VARIABLE VOLTAGE
CONTROL
LOSSES AND EFFICIENCY
IRON LOSS