Problem 1 (30 points): The voltage across a certain branch of a circuit is given by,

𝑉(𝑡) = 5 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 300 ) 𝑉, and the current passing through it is,

𝜋
𝐼(𝑡) = 20 cos (𝜔𝑡 + ) 𝑚𝐴.
4
The circuit is excited with a single sinusoidal source with a frequency of 100 Hz.
a) What is the angular frequency (𝜔) of the source signal?
 𝜔 = 100 ∗ 2𝑝𝑖 = 628.3
b) What is the phase of the voltage, 𝑉(𝑡), in radians? What is the VPP?
𝜋
 Phase of voltage: 6 = 30
 VPP = 2 ∗ 5 = 10
c) Does the current, 𝐼(𝑡), lead or lag the voltage, 𝑉(𝑡)? By what angle? By how much time?
 The current 𝐼(𝑡) leads the voltage, 𝑉(𝑡)
 Angle = 45 − 30 = 15
15
 Time = 628.3 = .024 𝑠
d) What is the RMS value of the current, 𝐼(𝑡)?
1 𝑡 +𝑇
 𝑆𝑅𝑀𝑆 = √ ∫𝑡 1 [𝑠(𝑡)]2 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 1

20
 𝑅𝑀𝑆 = = 14.142
√2
Problem 2 (20 points): If a voltage source is connected to multiple resistors
in series, the voltage is divided among the resistors in proportion to the
values of the resistors. This is known as the voltage divider circuit. For
example, if a source voltage, 𝑉𝑆 , and 𝑁 resistors: 𝑅1 , 𝑅2 , 𝑅3 , ⋯ 𝑅𝑁 , are
connected in series, the voltage across 𝑅𝑥 will be,
𝑉𝑆 × 𝑅𝑥
𝑉𝑥 = , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 1 𝑡𝑜 𝑁.
𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 + ⋯ +𝑅𝑁
In the figure on the right, if 𝑉𝑖𝑛 is 10V, R1 = 300 Ω and R2 = 1.2 kΩ, what is
the value of 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 ?

(10)1200
𝑉2 = = 8𝑉
300 + 1200

Problem 3 (20 points): A 10V DC source is connected to a series RC circuit (i.e. a resistor and capacitor in
series) at time, 𝑡 = 0. The capacitor initially had a zero voltage across it. At 𝑡 = 0.5 sec, the capacitor’s
voltage reached 6.32 V. What is the time constant of the circuit? If the resistor is 10 kΩ, what is the value
of the capacitor?
𝑡
𝑉𝐶 (𝑡) = 𝑉𝑆 (1 − 𝑒 − 𝑅𝐶 )
 .5
6.32 = 10 (1 − 𝑒 − 𝑅𝐶 )
.5
−3.68 = (−10𝑒 − 𝑅𝐶 )
.5
𝑙𝑛 .368 = (𝑙𝑛𝑒 − 𝑅𝐶 )

𝑅𝐶 − .9996 = −.5
𝑅𝐶 = .5
Part II:
.5
−
𝑙𝑛 − .368 = (𝑙𝑛𝑒 10,000𝐶 )

10,000𝐶 (−.9996) = −.5

−9,996𝐶 = −.5
𝐶 = 5𝐸 − 5

Problem 4 (30 points): In the low-pass filter shown in Figure 4, 𝑅 = 5 kΩ, 𝐶 = 2 𝜇𝐹, and 𝑣𝑖𝑛 (𝑡) =
5 cos(𝜔𝑡) 𝑉.
a) Find the cutoff frequency in radians/sec (𝜔𝐶 ) and in Hz (𝑓𝐶 ).
1
 𝜔𝐶 = 𝑅𝐶
1
 𝜔𝐶 =
(5000)(2𝐸−6)

 𝜔𝐶 = 100
 𝑓𝐶 = (100)/2𝑝𝑖
 𝑓𝐶 = 15.91 𝐻𝑧
b) When 𝜔 = 𝜔𝐶 , find the gain (in dB) and phase of the output?
𝑉𝑜 1
 𝑉𝑖
= 2
√1+( 1 )
𝜔𝑅𝐶
𝑉𝑜 1
 𝑉𝑖
= 2
1
√1+( )
100∗5000∗2𝐸−6
𝑉𝑜
 𝑉𝑖
= .707

𝑉𝑜
 |𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛| = 20log( )
𝑉𝑖
 |𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛| = 20log(.707)
 |𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛| = 3.0116

 𝜑 = 900 − tan−1(𝜔𝑅𝐶)
  𝜑 = tan−1 (100 ∗ 5000 ∗ 2𝐸 − 6)

 𝜑 = 45 ∘
c) When 𝑓 = 50 Hz, find the peak-to-peak voltage and phase of the output?
 𝑠(𝑡) = 𝑉𝑚 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜑)
50
 𝑠(𝑡) = 5 cos ((2𝑝𝑖)𝑡 + 45)
 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 = 2 ∗ 𝑉𝑚
 𝑉𝑚 = 2 ∗ 5 = 10

 𝜑 = tan−1 (𝜔𝑅𝐶)
 𝜑 = tan−1 (7.95 ∗ 5000 ∗ 2𝐸 − 6)
 𝜑 = 4.54