Universiti Tenaga Nasional

Electrical Power System I (EEPB353)

Test 2 – August 2015. ( Sem1 – 15/16 ) SOLUTION
 Answer ALL three (2) questions. Time allocated is 75 minutes. [ 25+25 = 50 marks. ]

Question 1 : [25 marks] SOLUTION:

a) From short circuit test,

𝑉𝑆𝐶 47 2
𝑍𝑒1 = = = 7.23Ω
𝐼𝑆𝐶 6.5

𝑃 160
𝑅𝑒1 = (𝐼 𝑆𝐶)2 = = 3.79Ω 2
𝑆𝐶 6.52

2 2 2
𝑋𝑒1 = √𝑍𝑒1 − 𝑅𝑒1 = √7.232 − 3.792 = 6.16Ω

𝑆∗ 15000∠−36.87°
𝐼2′ = = = 6.522∠ − 36.87° 𝐴 2
𝑉2′∗ (10)(230)

𝑉1 = 𝑉2′ + 𝐼2′ (𝑅𝑒1 + 𝑗𝑋𝑒1 ) = 10 (230) + (6.522∠ − 36.87°) (3.79 + 𝑗6.16)

2
= 2343.9 + 𝑗17.31 = 2344∠0.423° 𝑉
2344−2300
𝑉𝑅 = × 100% = 𝟏. 𝟗% 2
2300

To calculate efficiency,

𝑃𝑐𝑢 = 𝑃𝑆𝐶 = 160𝑊, 𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 = 𝑃𝑂𝐶 = 100𝑊 2

(15𝑘)(0.8) 3
∴ 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = (15𝑘)(0.8)+ 160+100
= 𝟗𝟕. 𝟗%

b)

𝑅𝑒2 = 0.02Ω, 𝑋𝑒2 = 𝑗0.05 Ω

′ 1
𝑅𝑒2 = 0.02 × 𝑎2 = 2 Ω
′
𝑋𝑒2 = 0.05 × 𝑎2 = 5 Ω 1

𝑆∗ 15000∠−36.87°
𝐼2′ = = = 6.522∠ − 36.87° 𝐴 (same current as Transformer A)
𝑉2′∗ (10)(230)

𝑃𝑐𝑢 = (𝐼2′ )2 𝑅𝑒2 ′ = (6.522)2 (2) = 85.07𝑊 2

𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 = 0
(15𝑘)(0.8)
∴ 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = (15𝑘)(0.8)+ 85.07 = 𝟗𝟗. 𝟑% 2

𝑉1 = 𝑉2′ + 𝐼2′ (𝑅𝑒1 + 𝑗𝑋𝑒1 ) = 10 (230) + (6.522∠ − 36.87°) (2 + 𝑗5)

= 2330∠0.449° 𝑉
2330−2300 2
𝑉𝑅 = × 100% = 𝟏. 𝟑%
2300
2
Hence, Transformer Y has a better VR and efficiency since the losses are lower
Question 2 : [25 marks] SOLUTION: Converting old pu values to new pu values.
a) 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑮𝟏: 𝑿 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔 × ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝒑𝒖

1 mark
Determining Voltage base values: 𝟔𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎

1 mark
𝑽𝒈(𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆} = 𝟏𝟏𝒌𝑽
𝑻𝟏: 𝑿 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎 × ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟎𝒑𝒖
𝑽𝟏(𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆) = 𝟏𝟏𝒌𝑽 𝟓𝟎
𝑽𝟐(𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆) = 𝑽𝟑(𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆) = 𝟏𝟑𝟐𝒌𝑽 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑻𝟐: 𝑿 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖 × ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟔𝒑𝒖
𝑽𝟒(𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆) = 𝟑𝟑𝐤𝐕 𝟓𝟎

Converting transmission line impedance Converting Loads into pu:

to per unit: 𝟓𝑴 + 𝒋𝟐𝑴
(𝟏𝟑𝟐𝒌)𝟐 𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅 𝑩𝒖𝒔 𝟐(𝒑𝒖) = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 + 𝒋𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝒑𝒖
𝒁𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔(𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆) = = 𝟏𝟕𝟒. 𝟐𝛀 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝑴
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝑴 𝟑𝟎𝑴 + 𝒋𝟏𝟎𝑴
𝒋𝟓𝟐. 𝟐𝟕𝟐 𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅 𝑩𝒖𝒔 𝟒(𝒑𝒖) = = 𝟎. 𝟑 + 𝒋𝟎. 𝟏𝒑𝒖
𝒁𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔 (𝒑𝒖) = = 𝒋𝟎. 𝟑𝒑𝒖 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝑴
𝟏𝟕𝟒. 𝟐𝟒
2 marks
2 marks

𝟑𝟐𝒌
Converting Bus 4 Voltages in pu: 𝑽𝟒(𝒑𝒖) = = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟔𝟗𝟕𝒑𝒖
𝟑𝟑𝒌
Calculating current flow from bus 2 to bus 4:
𝑺∗𝟒 𝟎. 𝟑 − 𝒋𝟎. 𝟏
𝑰𝟒 = ∗ = = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟎𝟗𝟒 − 𝒋𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟑𝟏𝒑𝒖
𝑽𝟒 𝟎. 𝟗𝟔𝟗𝟕
Calculating voltage at Bus 2: 4 marks
𝑽𝟐 = 𝑽𝟒 + 𝑰𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅 𝟒 (𝑿𝑻𝟐 + 𝑿𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 )
= 𝟎. 𝟗𝟔𝟗𝟕 + (𝟎. 𝟑𝟎𝟗𝟒 − 𝒋𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟑𝟏)(𝒋𝟎. 𝟏𝟔 + 𝒋𝟎. 𝟑) = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟏 + 𝒋𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟐𝟑𝒑𝒖
𝑽𝟐_𝒑𝒖 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟎∡𝟕. 𝟗𝟔𝟓𝟓° 𝒑𝒖
𝑽𝟐(𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍) = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟎∡𝟕. 𝟗𝟔𝟓𝟓° × 𝟏𝟑𝟐𝒌𝑽 = 𝟏𝟑𝟓. 𝟓𝟔𝟗𝟓∡𝟕. 𝟗𝟔𝟔°𝒌𝑽

(b) Calculating current flow from bus 1 to bus 2:

𝑺∗𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅 𝟐 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 − 𝒋𝟎. 𝟎𝟐
𝑰𝟏−𝟐 = 𝑰𝟐−𝟒 + ∗ = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟎𝟗𝟒 − 𝒋𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟑𝟏 + 2 marks
𝑽𝟐 𝟏. 𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟏 − 𝒋𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟐𝟑
= 𝟎. 𝟑𝟎𝟗𝟒 − 𝒋𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟑𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟎𝟗 − 𝒋𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟑 − 𝒋𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟔𝒑𝒖 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟖𝟒∠−𝟏𝟕. 𝟖𝟎 𝒑𝒖
Calculating internal emf at generator:
𝑬𝒈 = 𝑽𝟐 + 𝑰𝟏−𝟐 (𝑿𝑻𝟏 + 𝑿𝒈 )
= 𝟏. 𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟏 + 𝒋𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟐𝟑 + (𝟎. 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟑 − 𝒋𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟔)(𝒋𝟎. 𝟐 + 𝒋𝟎. 𝟏)
= 𝟏. 𝟎𝟓𝟏𝟖 + 𝒋𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟒𝒑𝒖 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟖𝟏𝟐∡𝟏𝟑. 𝟑𝟗°𝒑𝒖 3 marks
𝑬𝒈(𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍) = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟖𝟏𝟐∡𝟏𝟑. 𝟑𝟗° × 𝑽𝒈 (𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆) = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟗𝟐𝟗∡𝟏𝟑. 𝟑𝟗°𝒌𝑽
(c) Calculating current flow from bus 2 to load 2:
𝑺∗𝟐 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 − 𝒋𝟎. 𝟎𝟐
𝑰𝟐𝒑𝒖 = ∗ = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟎𝟗 − 𝒋𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒑𝒖 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟐𝟒∠−𝟏𝟑. 𝟖𝟎
𝑽𝟐 𝟏. 𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟏 − 𝒋𝟎 2 marks
𝟔
𝑺𝑩 (𝟏𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎 )
𝑰𝟐𝑩 = = = 𝟒𝟑𝟕. 𝟒𝑨, 𝑰𝟐 = (𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟐𝟒)(𝟒𝟑𝟕. 𝟒𝑨) = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟗𝟐∠−𝟏𝟑. 𝟖𝟎 𝑨
√𝟑𝑽𝟐𝑩 √𝟑(𝟏𝟑𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎 ) 𝟑

Calculating current flow from bus 2 to bus 4:

𝑺∗𝟒 𝟎. 𝟑 − 𝒋𝟎. 𝟏
𝑰𝟒𝒑𝒖 = ∗ = = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟎𝟗𝟒 − 𝒋𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟑𝟏𝒑𝒖 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟐𝟔∠−𝟏𝟖. 𝟒𝟎
𝑽𝟒 𝟎. 𝟗𝟔𝟗𝟕
𝑰𝟒 = (𝟎. 𝟑𝟐𝟔)(𝟒𝟑𝟕. 𝟒𝑨) = 𝟏𝟒𝟐. 𝟔∠−𝟏𝟖. 𝟒𝟎 𝑨 2 marks

Calculating current flow from bus 1 to bus2:

𝑰𝟏−𝟐 𝒑𝒖 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟑 − 𝒋𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟔 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟖𝟒∠−𝟏𝟕. 𝟖𝟎 ( from (b) above )

2 marks
𝟎
𝑰𝟏−𝟐 = (𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟖𝟒)(𝟒𝟑𝟕. 𝟒𝑨) = 𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟓∠−𝟏𝟕. 𝟖 𝑨

Proof. 𝑰𝟐−𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅 + 𝑰𝟒−𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅 = 𝑰𝟏−𝟐

(𝟐𝟐. 𝟗𝟐∠−𝟏𝟑. 𝟖𝟎 𝑨) + (𝟏𝟒𝟐. 𝟔∠−𝟏𝟖. 𝟒𝟎 𝑨) = (𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟓∠−𝟏𝟕. 𝟖𝟎 𝑨)
(𝟐𝟐. 𝟐𝟔 − 𝒋𝟓. 𝟒𝟕) + ( 𝟏𝟑𝟓. 𝟑 − 𝒋𝟒𝟓) = (𝟏𝟓𝟕. 𝟔 − 𝒋𝟓𝟎. 𝟔) 4 marks
(𝟏𝟓𝟕. 𝟓𝟔 − 𝒋𝟓𝟎. 𝟒𝟕) = (𝟏𝟓𝟕. 𝟔 − 𝒋𝟓𝟎. 𝟔)