March 2, 2021

Quiz 5
Due: March 9, 2021
ENEE 4600 20548 Section 0
 ENEE 4600 – Quiz 5

Table of Contents
Part 1: Problem 4-11 ..................................................................................................................................... 2
Solution ..................................................................................................................................................... 2
Part a ..................................................................................................................................................... 2
Part b ..................................................................................................................................................... 2
Part c ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
Part d ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
Part 1: Problem 4-18 ..................................................................................................................................... 4
Solution ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
Part a ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
Part b ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
Part 1: Problem 4-21 (Omit Part C) .............................................................................................................. 6
Solution ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
Part a ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
Part b ..................................................................................................................................................... 6

March 2, 2021 1
 ENEE 4600 – Quiz 5

Part 1: Problem 4-11

The full-wave rectifier of Fig. 4-3a (4.-5a; 4-3a does not have a dc source) has 𝑣𝑠 (𝜔𝑡) = 170 sin 𝜔𝑡 V,
𝑅 = 3 Ω, 𝐿 = 15 mH, 𝑉𝑑𝑐 = 48 V, and 𝜔 = 2𝜋(60). Determine
(a) the power absorbed by the dc source
(b) the power absorbed by the resistor
(c) the power factor
(d) Estimate the peak-to-peak variation in the load current by considering only the first ac term in the
Fourier series for current.

Figure 1: Fig. 4-5a in the textbook

Solution
Part a
Determine the dc (average) component of current in the circuit using Eq. (4-7).
2𝑉𝑚 2(170)
𝜋 − 𝑉𝑑𝑐 − 48
𝐼𝑜 = = 𝜋 = 20.075 A
𝑅 3
The power absorbed by the dc source is:
𝑃𝑑𝑐 = 𝐼𝑜 𝑉𝑑𝑐 = (20.075)(48) = 963.6 W

Part b
Determine the first few terms of the Fourier series using Eqs. (4-4) and (4-5).
∞

𝑣𝑜 (𝑡) = 𝑉𝑜 + ∑ 𝑉𝑛 cos(𝑛𝜔𝑜 𝑡 + 𝜋)
𝑛=2,4,…

𝑉0
𝐼𝑜 =
𝑅
𝑉𝑛 𝑉𝑛
𝐼𝑛 = =
𝑍𝑛 |𝑅 + 𝑗𝑛𝜔𝐿|
where

March 2, 2021 2
 ENEE 4600 – Quiz 5

2𝑉𝑚
𝑉𝑜 =
𝜋
2𝑉𝑚 1 1
𝑉𝑛 = ( − )
𝜋 𝑛−1 𝑛+1
Thus,
2𝑉𝑚 2(170)
𝑉𝑜 = = = 108.225 V
𝜋 𝜋
2(170) 1 1
𝑉2 = ( − ) = 72.150 V
𝜋 2−1 2+1
2(170) 1 1
𝑉4 = ( − ) = 14.430 V
𝜋 4−1 4+1
72.150 72.150
𝐼2 = = = 6.167 A
|3 + 𝑗(2)(2𝜋60)(0.015)| 11.701
14.430 14.430
𝐼4 = = = 0.632 A
|3 + 𝑗(4)(2𝜋60)(0.015)| 22.818
Determine the rms current using Eq. (2-43).

∞ 2 2
6.167 0.632
𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 = √∑ 𝐼𝑘,𝑟𝑚𝑠 = √20.0752 + ( ) +( ) + ⋯ ≈ 20.548 A
𝑘=0
√2 √2

The power absorbed by the resistor is:

2
𝑃𝑅 = 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑅 = (20.548)2 (3) = 1266.661 W

Part c
Combine the power absorbed by the dc source and the resistor.
𝑃 = 𝑃𝑑𝑐 + 𝑃𝑅 = 963.6 + 1266.661 = 2203.261
The power factor is:
𝑃 𝑃 2203.261
pf = = = = 0.89 = 89%
𝑆 𝑉𝑠,𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝐼𝑠,𝑟𝑚𝑠 (170) (20.548)
√2
Part d
The current 𝐼2 is much larger than 𝐼4 and higher order harmonics, so 𝐼2 can be used to estimate the peak-
to-peak variation in load current using Eq. (3-36):
Δ𝐼𝑜 ≈ 2𝐼2 = 2(6.167) = 12.334 A
Note that actual variation in 𝑖𝑜 will be larger because of the higher-order terms.

March 2, 2021 3
 ENEE 4600 – Quiz 5

Part 1: Problem 4-18

The full-wave rectifier of Fig. 4-6 has a 120-V rms 60 Hz source and a load resistance of 200 Ω.
(a) Determine the filter capacitance required to limit the peak-to-peak output voltage ripple to 1
percent of the dc output.
(b) Determine the peak and average diode currents.

Figure 2: Fig. 4-6a

Solution
Part a
With the ripple limited to 1 percent, the output voltage will be held close to 𝑉𝑚 and the approximation of
Eq. (4-13) applies.
𝑉𝑚 𝜋 𝑉𝑚 Δ𝑉𝑜 1
Δ𝑉𝑜 ≈ = → =
𝜔𝑅𝐶 2𝑓𝑅𝐶 𝑉𝑚 2𝑓𝑅𝐶
1
0.01 ≈ → 𝐶 = 4.167 mF
2(60)(200)𝐶
Part b
For the parameters given,

𝑉𝑚 = 120√2

𝜔𝑅𝐶 = (2𝜋60)(200)(4.167 ∗ 10−3 ) = 314.18 rad

Determine the angle where the diodes become reverse biased using Eq. (4-9).
𝜃 = − tan−1(𝜔𝑅𝐶) + 𝜋 = − tan−1 (314.18) + 𝜋 = 1.57 rad = 89.95°

𝑉𝑚 sin 𝜃 = 120√2 sin 89.95° = 169.71 V

The angle at which the second pair of diodes turns is a t 𝜔𝑡 = 𝜋 + 𝛼. At that boundary point,
𝜋+𝛼−𝜃
(sin 𝜃)𝑒 − 𝜔𝑅𝐶 − sin 𝛼 = 0
𝜋+𝛼−1.57
(sin 1.57)𝑒 − 314.18 − sin 𝛼 = 0 → 𝛼 = 1.43 (Used MATLAB)
Although not explicitly stated, Eq. (3-48) applies to full rectifiers as well (Email to Dr. Disfani).
sin 𝛼
𝐼𝐷,𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 = 𝑉𝑚 (𝜔𝐶 cos 𝛼 + )
𝑅

March 2, 2021 4
 ENEE 4600 – Quiz 5

sin 1.43
= 120√2 ((2𝜋60)(4.167 ∗ 10−3 ) cos 1.43 + )
200
= 38.25 A
The average output voltage is:

2𝑉𝑚 2(120√2)
𝑉𝑜 = = = 108.038 V
𝜋 𝜋
The average load current is:
𝑉𝑜 108.038
𝐼𝑜 = = = 0.540 A
𝑅 200
Each diode conducts for one-half of the time, so
0.540
𝐼𝐷,𝑎𝑣𝑔 = = 0.27 A
2

March 2, 2021 5
 ENEE 4600 – Quiz 5

Part 1: Problem 4-21 (Omit Part C)

Determine the output voltage for the full-wave rectifier with an LC filter of Fig. 4-8a if 𝐿 = 10 mH and
(a) 𝑅 = 7 Ω
(b) 𝑅 = 20 Ω
The source is 120 V rms at 60 Hz. Assume the capacitor is sufficiently large to produce a ripple-free
output voltage.
(c) Modify the PSpice circuit in Example 4-5 to determine 𝑉𝑜 for each case. Use the default diode
model.

Figure 3: Figure 4-8a

Solution
Part a
Continuous inductor current exists when (Eq. 4-17):
𝑅 < 3𝜔𝐿

7 < 3 ((2𝜋(60))(10 ∗ 10−3 )) = 11.31

Since continuous current does exist, output voltage can be determined using Eq. (4-14).

2𝑉𝑚 2(120√2)
𝑉𝑜 = = = 108.04 V
𝜋 𝜋
Part b
Continuous inductor current exists when (Eq. 4-17):
𝑅 < 3𝜔𝐿

20 ≮ 3 ((2𝜋(60))(10 ∗ 10−3 )) = 11.31

Since the continuous current does not exist, output voltage can be determined using the technique shown
on pg. 128.
This technique was performed using while loop MATLAB. It was determined that 𝑉𝑜 ≈ 119.653 V. At
this value, 𝛼 = 0.7825 and 𝛽 = 3.2039.

March 2, 2021 6