ENPE 533/622

PETROLEUM PRODUCTION ENGINEERING/SUBSURFACE PRODUCTION

OPERATIONS

ASSIGNMENT 9: PUMP LIFT

DUE: 12 noon W 29 Mar 2023

You will find spreadsheets HagedornBrownCorrelation.xls,

HydraulicPistonPump.xls, SuckerRodPumpingFlowRate-and-Power.xls and
ESPdesign-US=Field-Units.xls convenient.

1) A well is completed at a depth of 4000 ft in an oil reservoir. Reservoir and fluid data are
given below. The reservoir IPR fits a Vogel-type expression with qmax = 865 stb/d.
Reservoir depth (D): 4,000 Ft
Reservoir pressure (pbar): 1,700 Psia
AOF in Vogel equation for IPR (qmax): 865 stb/day
Production fluid gravity (gL): 0.865 1 for H2O
Formation volume factor of production liquid (BL): 1.25 rb/stb
Oil viscosity (cp): 5 Cp
Production GLR (GLR): 150 scf/bbl
Gas specific gravity (gg): 0.7 air =1
Tubing inner diameter (dti): 2.469 in.
Well head pressure (pwh): 100 Psia
Depth to liquid level in annulus (H): 3800 ft
o
Flowing tubing head temperature (thf): 80 F
o
Flowing temperature at tubing shoe (twf): 130 F
Water cut (WC): 0 %
Interfacial tension (s): 30 dynes/cm
Specific gravity of water (gw): 1.05 H2O=1
Reservoir pressure (pe): 1700 Psia
Bubble point pressure (pb): 1700 Psia
Productivity above bubble point (J*): 0.9159 stb/d-psi

a. The target production rate from this well is 700 stb/d. What is the bottom hole
flowing pressure at this rate?

For Vogel IPR, 𝑃"# = 0.125𝑃*+,81 − 80 𝑞⁄𝑞012 − 14 = 644 psia

b. At this flowrate, the pressure traverse in the tubing of this well is shown below.
(You should confirm this calculation with the HagedornBrownCorrelation.xls
spreadsheet, as you will need that spreadsheet several times.) Will the well flow
to surface?
The TPR below shows that Pwf = 765 psia is required. The well cannot flow to surface at this
rate. Some form of artificial lift will be needed.
 2) If you install an Electric Submersible Pump at a depth of 3800 ft, how much power will
be required to produce 700 stb/d? Pump performance characteristics are given in the
chart below.

Other information:
• The minimum capacity of this pump is 250 bbl/day
• Required pump suction pressure is 200 psia
• Use HagedornBrownCorrelation.xls with a depth of 3800 ft to determine the necessary
ESP pump discharge pressure.

The liquid column has gravity 0.865 which is 54 lbm/ft3. At the reservoir depth of 4000 ft, Pwf is
644 psia. The minimum pump depth is where the pressure in the liquid column is the suction
pressure of 200 psia. The liquid hydrostatic gradient is 0.375 psi/ft, so a height (644 –
200)/0.375 = 1185 ft above the reservoir sets the minimum pump depth of 4000 – 1185 = 2814
ft. Thus setting the pump at 3800 ft is satisfactory. The pump suction pressure at 3800 ft will be
644 – 0.375*200 = 569 psia.

To deliver 700 stb/d of fluid with GLR 150 scf/stb to a wellhead at 100 psia from a depth of
3800 ft, use HagedornBrownCorrelation to find a pump discharge pressure of 732 psia.

Input to HagedornBrownCorrelation:
Depth (D): 3,800 ft
Tubing inner diameter (dti): 2.469 in.
o
Oil gravity (API): 32 API
Oil viscosity (cp): 5 cp
Production GLR (GLR): 150 scf/bbl
Gas specific gravity (gg): 0.7 air =1
Flowing tubing head pressure (phf): 100 psia
o
Flowing tubing head temperature (thf): 80 F
 o
Flowing temperature at tubing shoe (twf): 130 F
Liquid production rate (qL): 700 stb/day
Water cut (WC): 0 %
Interfacial tension (s): 30 dynes/cm
Specific gravity of water (gw): 1.05 H2O=1
Output:

Thus the ESP must deliver a pressure differential of 732 – 569 = 163 psia. This corresponds to a
head of 163/0.433 = 376 ft of water.

Using Bo =1.25 rb/stb, the flow rate into the ESP is (700)(1.25) = 875 bbl/d. From the pump
chart at this flow rate, we have a head capacity hs = 9.5 ft/stage and a power requirement of 0.19
hp/stage.

Thus we need 40 stages * 9.5 ft/stage to deliver the 376 ft of head, which means the power
requirement is 0.19 hp/stage *40 = 7.5 hp.
 3) If you install a Hydraulic Piston Pump at 3800 ft, how much power will be required to
produce 700 stb/d? Pump specifications are given in table below:
B-value: 0.000278
Power fluid viscosity (npf): 5.78 cs
Pump setting depth (Dp): 3800 ft
HPP efficiency (Ep): 0.8
Surface pump efficiency (Es): 0.85
Engine efficiency (Ee): 0.9
Pump speed ratio (N/Nmax): 0.8
Power fluid flow system (1 = OPFS, 0 = CPFS): 1
Pump P/E: 1.13
qp,max: 1,500 bbl/d
qe,max: 1,709 bbl/d
Nmax: 27
Power fluid injection tubing ID 1.38 inch

Other information:
• Use stock tank oil with a GLR of 50 scf/stb as the power fluid.
• Use the oil viscosity in the table for Problem 1 as the stock tank oil viscosity
• The pump calculation requires the kinematic viscosity 𝜇 ⁄𝜌 in units of`cs (centistokes),
obtained when viscosity and density have units of cP and g/cm3 respectively.
• Use the open power fluid system, so that the pump discharge pressure is the same as the
engine discharge pressure.
• Use HagedornBrownCorrelation.xls with a depth of 3800 ft to determine the necessary
pump discharge pressure. Note that this pressure must deliver the combined flow rate of
powerfluid and produced fluid at the flowing wellhead pressure. Ignore the small
reduction in production tubing cross-section occupied by the power fluid injection tubing.
• Use HagedornBrownCorrelation.xls with a depth of 3800 ft to determine the friction
losses in the power fluid injection tubing for the calculated power fluid rate. The
injection tubing ID is 1.38 inch.
o Set the flowing tubing head pressure to 2000 psia. This ensures essentially single
phase flow of the power fluid with average density of 53 lbm/ft3.
o The difference between the pump engine inlet pressure (same as “bottomhole
pressure” from HagedornBrown) and the flowing tubing head pressure equals the
change in potential energy plus the friction losses. Thus the friction losses are
given by Δ𝑃#89:;9<= = 𝑃"# − 𝑃># − 𝜌?# 𝑔𝐷?B0?
• The pressure change in the power fluid injection tubing is given by Δ𝑃9=C =
𝜌?# 𝑔𝐷?B0? − Δ𝑃#89:;9<= . That is, the pressure increases from well head to pump engine
inlet by an amount equal to the hydrostatic head, and decreases by amount equal to the
friction losses. For a given flow rate, the friction losses are the same regardless of
whether the fluid is flowing up or flowing down.

SOLUTION:
The complete HydraulicPistonPump.xls spreadsheet is as follows:
Input Data:
 Reservoir depth (D): 4,000 ft
Reservoir pressure (pbar): 1,700 psia
AOF in Vogel equation for IPR (qmax): 865 stb/day
Production fluid gravity (gL): 0.865 1 for H2O
Formation volume factor of production liquid (BL): 1.25 rb/stb
Tubing inner diameter (dti): 2.469 in.
B-value: 0.000278
Power fluid viscosity (npf): 5.78 cs
Well head pressure (pwh): 100 psia
Pump setting depth (Dp): 3,800 ft
Desired production rate (qLd): 700 stb/day
HPP efficiency (Ep): 0.80
Surface pump efficiency (Es): 0.85
Engine efficiency (Ee): 0.90
Pump speed ratio (N/Nmax): 0.80
Power fluid flow system (1 = OPFS, 0 = CPFS): 1
Solution:
Desired bottom hole pressure from IPR (pwfd) = 644 psia
Pump intake pressure (ppump,i) = 569 psia
Net lift (LN) = 2,280 ft
Design pump to engine area ratio (P/E) = 4.39
Flow rate at pump suction point (qLs) = 875 bbl/day
Design flow rate of pump (qpd) = 1,367 bbl/day
Input from manufacturer’s literature: Pump
P/E: 1.13
qp,max: 1,500 bbl/day
qe,max: 1,709 bbl/day
Nmax: 27
Flow rate per stroke/min in pump (q'p) = 55.56 bbl/day
Flow rate per stroke/min in engine (q'e) = 63.30 bbl/day
Pump speed (N) = 21.60 spm
Power fluid rate (qpf) = 1519 bbl/day
Return production flow rate (qtotal) = 2394 bbl/day
Input pump discharge pressure by mHB correltion
(ppump,d): 1,136 psia
Input engine discharge pressure by mHB correltion
(peng,d): 1,136 psia
Pump friction-induced pressure loss (Fpump) = 370 psi
Required engine pressure (peng, i) = 2,146 psia
Input pressure change in the injection tubing (Dpinj): = 455 psi
Required surface operating pressure (pso) = 1,691 psia
Required surface horsepower (HPso) = 51 hp

The step by step analysis is as follows. Entering the reservoir and fluid data into
HydraulicPistonPump.xls,
Reservoir depth (D): 4,000 ft
Reservoir pressure (pbar): 1,700 psia
AOF in Vogel equation for IPR (qmax): 865 stb/day
Production fluid gravity (gL): 0.865 1 for H2O
Formation volume factor of production liquid (BL): 1.25 rb/stb
Tubing inner diameter (dti): 2.469 in.
B-value: 0.000278
Power fluid viscosity (npf): 5.780346821 cs
Well head pressure (pwh): 100 psia
Pump setting depth (Dp): 3,800 ft
 Desired production rate (qLd): 700 stb/day
HPP efficiency (Ep): 0.80
Surface pump efficiency (Es): 0.85
Engine efficiency (Ee): 0.90
Pump speed ratio (N/Nmax): 0.80
Power fluid flow system (1 = OPFS, 0 = CPFS): 1

we find that the design pump flow rate is 1367 bbl/day.

The pump specifications

Pump P/E: 1.13
qp,max: 1,500 bbl/day
qe,max: 1,709 bbl/day
Nmax: 27

imply a power fluid rate of 1519 bbl/day. Hence total fluid flowing to the surface is 1519 +
(700)*(1.25) = 2394 bbl/day.

To find the required discharge pressure from the pump, we use HagedornBrownCorrelation,
which takes the input flow in units of stb/d. Since the power fluid is stock tank oil with a small
GLR, it is reasonable to take its formation volume factor as 1.0. Thus the combined flow rate of
power fluid and produced fluid is 1519 + 700 = 2219 stb/d. Because the power fluid has GLR 50
scf/stb and the produced fluid is 150 scf/stb, the overall GLR in the fluid flowing to surface is
((1519)(50)+(700)(150))/(1519+700) = 82 scf/stb. From the HagedornBrownCorrelation, we
find that the discharge pressure required to move 2219 stb/d from 3800 ft to surface at a
wellhead pressure of 100 psia through 2.469 inch tubing is 1136 psia.

The engine intake pressure is the sum of the engine discharge pressure (1136 psia), the pressure
drop due to friction in the pump (370 psia), and the hydraulic pressure across the pump (640
psia) = 2146 psia.

It remains to determine the surface operating pressure to deliver the power fluid to the engine
intake at 2146 psia. The power fluid pressure will increase from surface to engine intake by an
amount equal to the hydrostatic head of the power fluid . Given the density of the power fluid in
the injection tubing, we find (53 lbm/ft3)/(62.4 lbm/ft3) (0.433 psia/ft)(3800 ft) = 1399 psia. The
power fluid pressure will also decrease by an amount equal to friction losses in the 1.38 inch ID
tubing. To find the friction losses, apply HagedornBrownCorrelation with the power fluid flow
rate of 1519 stb/d, GLR 50 scf/stb and a wellhead pressure of 2000 psia,
Depth (D): 3,800 Ft
Tubing inner diameter (dti): 1.38 in.
o
Oil gravity (API): 32 API
Oil viscosity (cp): 5 Cp
Production GLR (GLR): 50 scf/bbl
Gas specific gravity (gg): 0.7 air =1
Flowing tubing head pressure (phf): 2000 Psia
o
Flowing tubing head temperature (thf): 80 F
o
Flowing temperature at tubing shoe (twf): 130 F
power fluid 1519 stb/day
Water cut (WC): 0 %
Interfacial tension (s): 30 dynes/cm
 Specific gravity of water (gw): 1 H2O=1
to determine the bottomhole pressure is 4344 psia. The pressure difference between bottomhole
and wellhead is 2344 psia. This is the sum of the hydrostatic head of 1399 psia and the friction
losses. Hence the friction losses are 2344 – 1399 = 945 psia. The change in pressure in the 1.38
inch injection line from surface to engine intake is therefore 1399 – 945 = 455 psia.

The surface operating pressure is therefore 2146 – 455 = 1691 psia.

The required power is therefore 51 hp.

 4) If you install a Beam Lift pump, how much power will be required to produce 700 stb/d?
Pump specifications are given in table below:
Plunger diameter (dp): 2 in.
Rod section 1, diameter (dr1): 0.75 in.
length (L1): 0 ft
Rod section 2, diameter (dr2): 0.75 in.
length (L2): 3,800 ft
Rod section 3, diameter (dr3): 0.75 in.
length (L3): 0 ft
Rod section 4, diameter (dr4): 0.75 in.
length (L4): 0 ft
Type of pumping unit (1 = conventional; -1 =
Mark II or Air-balanced): 1
Polished rod stroke length (S) 74 in.
Crank to pitman ratio (c/h): 0.3246
Pump volumetric efficiency (Ev): 0.8
Safety factor to prime mover power (Fs): 1.35

SOLUTION:
The complete spreadsheet is given below. A step by step analysis follows.
Pump setting depth (D): 4,000 ft
Depth to the liquid level in annulus (H): 3,800 ft
Flowing tubing head pressure (ptf): 100 psia
Tubing outer diameter (dto): 2.5 in.
Tubing inner diameter (dti): 2.469 in.
Tubing anchor (1 = yes; 0 = no): 1
Plunger diameter (dp): 2 in.
Rod section 1, diameter (dr1): 0.75 in.
length (L1): 0 ft
Rod section 2, diameter (dr2): 0.75 in.
length (L2): 3,800 ft
Rod section 3, diameter (dr3): 0.75 in.
length (L3): 0 ft
Rod section 4, diameter (dr4): 0.75 in.
length (L4): 0 ft
Type of pumping unit (1 = conventional; -1 = Mark II or Air-balanced): 1
Polished rod stroke length (S) 74 in.
Pumping speed (N) 29 SPM
Crank to pitman ratio (c/h): 0.3246
o
Oil gravity (API): 32 API
Fluid formation volume factor (Bo): 1.25 rb/stb
Pump volumetric efficiency (Ev): 0.8
Safety factor to prime mover power (Fs): 1.35
= 0.12 in.2

= 3.14 in.2

= 0.42 in.2
 = 4,713 Lbs

= 5,713 Lbs

= 1.32

= 82 in.

= 705 sbt/day
= 4,067 ft
= 22.84 hp
= 7.7 hp
= 41.3 hp

Choosing a pump speed N of 29 strokes per minute yields a production rate of 705 stb/d. Note
that at this pump speed the overtravel is larger than the rod stretch, so the plunger travels 82
inches, a greater distance than the polished rod travel of 74 inches.

Gas is excluded from the downhole pump, so the potential energy required to lift the produced
oil to surface is given by the density of the stock tank oil (32 API = specific gravity of 0.865) and
the distance to surface: (0.865)(0.433 psia/ft)(3800 ft) = 1423 psia. To deliver at a wellhead
flowing pressure of 100 psia thus requires 1523 psia. This corresponds to a net lift of 1523
psia/0.433 psia/ft/0.865 = 4067 ft.

The hydraulic power requirement is 23 hp; the power required to overcome friction is 8 hp. The
overall power requirement, which includes the safety factor, is 41 hp.

5) Assume that sufficient electric power is available for any of the three pumps. Which
pump will have smallest operating cost?

SOLUTION
ESP requires 7.5 hp
Beam lift requires 41 hp
HPP requires 51 hp

Expect lowest operating costs for ESP.