Mass Transfer

Prof. Dr. Ahmet Karagündüz

Gebze Technical University, Department of Environmental Engineering

MASS TRANSFER

Diffusion Transfer: Due to concentration difference

Net diffusion of A from high to low concentration

region

Diffusion is important, because it is a slow process

Random walk process.
Diffusion in gaseous : velocity ~10 cm/min
Diffusion in liquids: velocity ~ 0.05 cm/min
Fick’s Fist Law Diffusion in solids: velocity ~10-5 cm/min
ⅆ𝐶𝐴
𝐽𝑥 = −𝐷𝐴𝐵
ⅆ𝑥
𝐽𝑥 : Flux in x-direction (M/L2/t)
𝐷𝐴𝐵 : Molecular diffusion coefficient of A diffusing
Through B (L2/t).
𝐶𝐴 : Concentration of A (M/L3)
Ozone is absorbed into water in a completely mixed reactor. The volumetric mass-transfer coefficient for ozone
is 19 hr-1. Assume that ozone decomposes and reacts with water components by a pseudo-first order with a
rate of 30 hr-1. The effluent concentration of ozone is 1.8 mg/L. The hydraulic residence time is 15 minutes.
a. What is the saturation (equilibrium) concentration of ozone in water in this system.
b. The Henry’s constant for ozone at 20 oC is 6.9x10-2 atm-m3/mole. Assume atmospheric pressure in the
reactor and complete mixing for gas phase as well. Molecular weight of ozone is 48 g/mole. Find
concentration of ozone in incoming gas stream in atm and mg/L?
𝑃𝑂3
𝐾𝐻 = ∗
𝑑𝐶𝐴 𝐶𝑂 3
𝑉 = 𝑄𝐶𝐴,𝑖𝑛 − 𝑄𝐶𝐴 + 𝑉 𝑘𝐿 𝑎 𝐶𝐴∗ − 𝐶𝐴 − 𝑉𝑘𝐶𝐴 𝑃𝑂3
𝑑𝑡
3
𝑑𝐶𝐴 𝑎𝑡𝑚. 𝑚 𝑚𝑔 1𝑔 1𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
At steady state =0 = 6.9 × 10−2 × 4.64 × ×
𝑑𝑡
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐿 1000𝑚𝑔 48𝑔
And 𝐶𝐴,𝑖𝑛 = 0 1000𝐿
×
𝐶𝐴∗ 1𝑚3
𝐶𝐴 =
1 𝑘
1+ + 𝑃𝑂3 = 6.68 × 10−3 𝑎𝑡𝑚
(𝑘𝐿 𝑎)𝑡 𝑘𝐿 𝑎

6.68 × 10−3 10−4 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒

1 𝐶𝑂3 = = 2.98 ×
𝑎𝑡𝑚. 𝐿 𝐿
𝐶𝐴∗ = 1.8 𝑚𝑔/𝐿 × = 4.64 𝑚𝑔/𝐿 0.082
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
× 273 𝐾
1 30
1+ + = 14.4 𝑚𝑔/𝐿
19 × 15 19
Ammonia is being stripped from a wastewater in an open pool. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient of the process (kLa)
is 0.005 min-1. A tracer analysis conducted on the pond produced a normally distributed response data to a pulse input. The
mean of the distribution corresponds to 33 hours and 95% are included within 82-hour span about the mean of the
distribution. Remember that two standard deviations on either side of the mean of a normal curve include about 95% of
the total area under the curve. Estimate the removal efficiency of the ammonia in the pond.

4𝜎 = 95% 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎
4𝜎 = 82 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
𝜎 = 20.5 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜎 2 = 420.25 ℎ2
𝜎2 −1
𝑚𝑖𝑛
= 0.386 𝑘𝐿 𝑎 𝑡 = 0.005 𝑚𝑖𝑛 × 23.24 ℎ × 60 = 6.97
𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 2 ℎ
𝑑𝐶𝐴
𝑉 = 𝑄𝐶𝐴,𝑖𝑛 − 𝑄𝐶𝐴 + 𝑉 𝑘𝐿 𝑎 𝐶𝐴∗ − 𝐶𝐴
Nd > 0.01 and open system: 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐶𝐴
𝜎2 𝐷 𝐷 2 At steady state =0
2 =2 -8 = 0.386 𝑑𝑡
𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑣𝐿 𝑣𝐿
And 𝐶𝐴∗ = 0
𝐷
= 𝑁𝑑 = 0.21 𝐶𝐴 1
𝑣𝐿 = = 0.125
𝐶𝐴,𝑖𝑛 1 + (𝑘𝐿 𝑎)𝑡
𝐷
𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 𝑡 1 + 2 87.5% Removal
𝑣𝐿
𝑡 = 23.244 ℎ